scholarly journals Face Masks Bolsters the Characteristics From Looking at a Face Even When Facial Expressions Are Impaired

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee Kiat Lau
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trait Ratings

Face masks impact social interactions because emotion recognition is difficult due to face occlusion. However, is this enough to conclude that face masks negatively impact social interactions? We investigated the impact of face masks on invariant characteristics (sex, age), trait-like characteristics (trustworthiness, attractiveness, and approachability), and emotional expressions (happiness and excitability). Participants completed an online survey and rated masked and no-masked faces. The same face remained masked or no-masked throughout the survey. Results revealed that, when compared to no-masked faces, masked happy faces appeared less happy. Face masks did not negatively impact the ratings of other characteristics. Participants were better at judging the sex of masked faces. Masked faces also appeared younger, more trustworthy, more attractive, and more approachable. Therefore, face masks did not always result in unfavorable ratings. An additional post hoc modeling revealed that trustworthiness and attractiveness ratings for masked faces predicted the same trait ratings for no-masked faces. However, approachability ratings for no-masked faces predicted the same trait ratings for masked faces. This hinted that information from masked/no-masked faces, such as from the eye and eye region, could aid in the understanding of others during social interaction. Future directions were proposed to expand the research.

Face masks bolsters the characteristics from looking at a face even when facial expressions are impaired

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee Kiat Lau
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Face masks impact social interactions negatively because emotion recognition is difficult due to the occlusion by the masks. But is this enough to associate face masks to negative social interactions? We investigated the impact of face masks on invariant characteristics, trait-like characteristics, and emotional expressions for faces with and without face masks. Participants completed an online survey and rated masked and no-masked faces. Participants never saw the same face with and without masks. According to the results, when compared to no-masked faces, emotional expressions for masked faces were rated poorer. However, ratings for other characteristics were rated better for masked faces. This suggested that, while some aspects such as emotional expressions, were negatively impeded by face masks, other aspects were not affected the same way. Post-hoc modelling for trait-like characteristics also revealed that for some characteristics, the non-occluded region of the face helped us understand certain information about a person. Likewise, for other characteristics, the full face helped us gather certain information about the person. Collectively, the results, together with the literature, hinted at greater acceptance of face masks. There were better ratings for certain characteristics with face masks, despite worser ratings for emotion expressions. Therefore, face masks did not necessarily impact social interactions negatively. Future directions were proposed to expand the research.

scholarly journals I see how you feel: facial expressions’ recognition and distancing in the time of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calbi Marta ◽  
Langiulli Nunzio ◽  
Ferroni Francesca ◽  
Montalti Martina ◽  
Kolesnikov Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the nature of our social interactions. In order to understand how protective equipment and distancing measures influence the ability to comprehend others’ emotions and, thus, to effectively interact with others, we carried out an online survey across the Italian population during the first pandemic peak. Participants were shown static facial expressions (Angry, Happy and Neutral) covered by a sanitary mask or by a scarf. They were asked to evaluate the expressed emotions as well as to assess the degree to which one would adopt physical and social distancing measures for each stimulus. Results demonstrate that, despite the covering of the lower-face, participants correctly recognized the facial expressions of emotions with a polarizing effect on emotional valence ratings found in females. Noticeably, while females’ ratings for physical and social distancing were driven by the emotional content of the stimuli, males were influenced by the “covered” condition. The results also show the impact of the pandemic on anxiety and fear experienced by participants. Taken together, our results offer novel insights on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social interactions, providing a deeper understanding of the way people react to different kinds of protective face covering.

scholarly journals Effects of posed smiling on memory for happy and sad facial expressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuehne ◽  
Tino Zaehle ◽  
Janek S. Lobmaier
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Positivity Bias ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe perception and storage of facial emotional expressions constitutes an important human skill that is essential for our daily social interactions. While previous research revealed that facial feedback can influence the perception of facial emotional expressions, it is unclear whether facial feedback also plays a role in memory processes of facial emotional expressions. In the present study we investigated the impact of facial feedback on the performance in emotional visual working memory (WM). For this purpose, 37 participants underwent a classical facial feedback manipulation (FFM) (holding a pen with the teeth—inducing a smiling expression vs. holding a pen with the non-dominant hand—as a control condition) while they performed a WM task on varying intensities of happy or sad facial expressions. Results show that the smiling manipulation improved memory performance selectively for happy faces, especially for highly ambiguous facial expressions. Furthermore, we found that in addition to an overall negative bias specifically for happy faces (i.e. happy faces are remembered as more negative than they initially were), FFM induced a positivity bias when memorizing emotional facial information (i.e. faces were remembered as being more positive than they actually were). Finally, our data demonstrate that men were affected more by FFM: during induced smiling men showed a larger positive bias than women did. These data demonstrate that facial feedback not only influences our perception but also systematically alters our memory of facial emotional expressions.

scholarly journals Assessing the effects of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building brand equity of integrated business structures in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Ganushchak-Efimenko ◽  
Valeriia Shcherbak ◽  
Оlena Nifatova
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact

Research background: At present, it is critical to raise awareness on how global trends of doing business within the framework of sustainable development affect the success of each business unit, integration associations, and apparently contribute to a nation’s prosperity. Thus, a study aimed at measuring the effects of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building brand equity of integrated business structures (IBS) will provide deeper insights into assessing the effectiveness and relevance of disseminating CSR practices. Purpose of the article: The paper attempts to evaluate the degree of effect of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building strong brand equity of integrated business structures. Methods: The participants in the assessment have been selected from the Forbes TOP 200 largest companies in Ukraine (the ranking was based not only on sales, such metrics as companies’ financial performance, total assets and their current assessed value were also considered). The input data on the CSR indices were obtained from the Center for CSR Development Ukraine. The index of loyalty to a certain brand was calculated as an integral ratio of satisfaction and importance to customers (based on online survey results). To analyze the impact of the endogenous variable of CSR on IBS branding effectiveness (customer loyalty index and brand equity) and its cost effectiveness, correlation regression and factor analysis methods were applied. Findings & Value added: This study demonstrates the feasibility and economic justification of the impact of socially responsible strategic partnerships on brand equity development for integrated business structures. The research has significant implications for brand management of integrated business structures by providing empirical evidence that will improve understanding of the need to implement the concept of socially responsible branding that right today resonates with the moral society.

Insight into the brain metastasis journey: Initial survey results from patients and caregivers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2069-2069
Author(s):  
Nicole Willmarth ◽  
Scott Elder ◽  
Avery Fine ◽  
Manmeet Singh Ahluwalia ◽  
Jill Barnholtz-Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tumor Association ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The Impact

2069 Background: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common central nervous system tumors in the US. Though the exact incidence is unknown, BM are estimated to occur in up to 10-20% of all cancers. Despite the high frequency, there is little systematic knowledge about how BM are typically diagnosed and treated. The American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) seeks to understand the BM journey: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and end of life, through a survey of BM patients and caregivers. Methods: Two surveys were developed by the ABTA with vendor, PSB Research, after careful literature review. The surveys were reviewed by a panel of clinicians who treat BM patients. Online survey research was conducted between 8/13-9/16/18, with one survey for adults with BM (N = 237) and another for caregivers (N = 211). Respondents came from PSB’s panels and ABTA collaborators: LUNGevity, Melanoma Research Foundation and the Kidney Cancer Association. Results: Ninety percent of patients, and a similar number of caregivers, were surprised by the diagnosis, with only 20% of patients knowing about BM before diagnosis. Most caregivers were the adult child of a patient. The impact of the diagnosis was primarily emotional. Top concerns after diagnosis, for both patients and caregivers, were likelihood of treatment success and impact on quality of life. Although a majority of patients were happy with the quality of information given, they stated a need to receive a greater quantity of information about treatment success and options. Only 30% of patients were referred to a patient advocacy organization. When referred, information on treatment success rates and options was most sought. Conclusions: Direct patient and caregiver feedback provides valuable insight towards understanding the BM journey and resources needed to support patients and caregivers. A subsequent survey among oncologists and other clinicians, planned for spring of 2019, will add to these findings.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on business establishments: a study on challenges and strategic approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
Aurora Hidalgo ◽  
Viory Yvonne Janeo ◽  
Winston Conrad Padojinog ◽  
Cid Terosa ◽  
Peter L. U ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Impact

The Management Association of the Philippines (MAP) commissioned the School of Economics of the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P) to conduct a study aimed at understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on various industry sectors and to draw possible policy measures for both government and private institutions to help the affected sectors deal with the pandemic’s negative effects and gradually return to stable business operations. An online survey of pre-selected thirty-three (33) representatives from key priority sectors which recorded sharp contractions in the first two quarters of 2020 and which had a share to GDP of above 1 percent was conducted. To validate the survey results, stakeholder interviews were also conducted with more than 10 firms via the zoom video conferencing platform. The survey results confirmed the negative impact of the pandemic at the firm-level (i.e., decrease in employee compensation, decline in headcount, loss of revenue and other liquidity crunches, prolonged collection periods, problems in logistics, delayed or cancelled projects and disrupted supply chains and access to labor; among others). Some have had to close branches or altogether cease operations. The sudden and likely permanent shift towards digitization of operations has disrupted operations and exerted pressure to digitally transform business operations in order to survive in the so-called “new normal.” Moreover, this requires investments in equipment and training. Additional costs and investments are also needed to meet health and safety standards and protocols. Thus, required assistance commonly cited by firms were loans, subsidies, and tax relief In the short term, the national government must restore consumer confidence and deploy its fiscal powers to stimulate aggregate demand. With assistance, business can invest in platforms and meeting health and safety protocols for workers and customers to return to work and patronize their business, whether on site or online. Resuscitating the economy is not solely the responsibility of government. It also requires solidarity and coordinated response from the private sector. Over the long term, both government and business must build more resilient organizations and strategies. This would include adopting digital transformation by both private and public sectors for a more nimble and agile economy. Business may also revisit the concept of “coopetition”. The interconnectedness of each industry calls for a more collaborative approach among businesses. When firms who have been negatively affected by the pandemic recover, this can also increase the rate at which the economy bounces back.

Understanding rider:horse bodyweight ratio trends, weight management practices and rider weight perceptions within leisure and amateur riders in the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
C.L. Challinor ◽  
H. Randle ◽  
J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Social Licence To Operate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Horse riders in the UK have a legal responsibility for the welfare of the horses in their care, outlined by the Animal Welfare Act (2006). Understanding weight management factors that influence rider: horse bodyweight (RHBW) ratio is key to safeguarding horse welfare as human obesity rates increase. Recent high-profile incidents have seen riders being asked to dismount for being too heavy, demonstrating an awareness of the possible impact of excessive rider weight, threatening the equestrian industry’s social licence to operate. This study investigated RHBW trends within the UK leisure and amateur rider population to understand rider perception of ‘ideal’ RHBW and factors influencing rider and horse weight management. An online survey (SurveyMonkey®) was distributed via UK equine-related Facebook™ groups and collected information on horse and rider demographics, rider weight management strategies and respondents’ views on the importance of rider weight on horse welfare. Kruskal-Wallis analyses with Mann Whitney U post-hoc tests identified whether differences in respondent views differed between RHBW groups. A total of 971 riders completed the survey; respondents were aged between 18-65+ years old and 88% (n=953) were experienced riders. RHBWs were calculated for 764 (79%) of respondents as 21.2% (n=206) did not know either their own and/or their horses’ weight. Weight tapes (44.5%; n=432) and weigh bridges (29.5%; n=286) were common horse weight estimation methods. RHBWs ranged from 4.9% to 21.88%, mean: 12.5%±2.7%. Riders with lower RHBW thought about their own weight less and measured their horses’ weight less often than those with higher ratios (P<0.005, P<0.0004, respectively). The majority of riders who participated were weight conscious and recognised potential detrimental impacts associated with increased rider weight. Development of RHBW guidelines supported by equestrian governing bodies would highlight the need for riders to consider the impact of weight and support them in choosing suitable horses.

scholarly journals Exploring Nurses’ Meaning and Experiences of Compassion: An International Online Survey Involving 15 Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Papadopoulos ◽  
Georgina Taylor ◽  
Sheila Ali ◽  
Magdeline Aagard ◽  
Ozlem Akman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sociopolitical Influences ◽  
Shared Understandings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Differences

Purpose: In recent years, there has been much focus on compassion in nursing care, and concern has been raised in a number of reports and media stories regarding decreased compassion. The aim of this study was to explore similarities and differences in the understanding and demonstration of compassion in nursing practice across 15 countries. Design: A total of 1,323 nurses from 15 countries responded to questions in relation to compassion, via an international online survey. Results: The data revealed the impact of sociopolitical influences on perceptions of compassion, and the conscious and intentional nature of compassion. Discussion and Conclusion: The study demonstrated shared understandings of the importance of compassion as well as some common perceptions of the attributes of compassionate care. The differences reported were not as significant as had been expected. Implications for Practice: Further research is needed to explore the country and culture differences in the enactment of compassion.

scholarly journals Out of Focus: Facial Feedback Manipulation Modulates Automatic Processing of Unattended Emotional Faces

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuehne ◽  
Isabelle Siwy ◽  
Tino Zaehle ◽  
Hans-Jochen Heinze ◽  
Janek S. Lobmaier
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
The Impact

Facial expressions provide information about an individual's intentions and emotions and are thus an important medium for nonverbal communication. Theories of embodied cognition assume that facial mimicry and resulting facial feedback plays an important role in the perception of facial emotional expressions. Although behavioral and electrophysiological studies have confirmed the influence of facial feedback on the perception of facial emotional expressions, the influence of facial feedback on the automatic processing of such stimuli is largely unexplored. The automatic processing of unattended facial expressions can be investigated by visual expression-related MMN. The expression-related MMN reflects a differential ERP of automatic detection of emotional changes elicited by rarely presented facial expressions (deviants) among frequently presented facial expressions (standards). In this study, we investigated the impact of facial feedback on the automatic processing of facial expressions. For this purpose, participants ( n = 19) performed a centrally presented visual detection task while neutral (standard), happy, and sad faces (deviants) were presented peripherally. During the task, facial feedback was manipulated by different pen holding conditions (holding the pen with teeth, lips, or nondominant hand). Our results indicate that automatic processing of facial expressions is influenced and thus dependent on the own facial feedback.

scholarly journals Workspace Integration and Sustainability: Linking the Symbolic and Social Affordances of the Workspace to Employee Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11985
Author(s):  
Iris Vilnai-Yavetz ◽  
Anat Rafaeli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Workspace Design

Our goal in this paper is to connect workspace design to employee wellbeing and social sustainability. Toward this connection, we introduce and empirically test a new concept of “workspace integration”. This concept refers to the continuum of integration of an employee’s workspace with the organizational, physical space. We further define three workspace affordances that predict the social sustainability of workspace arrangements by influencing employee wellbeing. The three affordances are perceptions of symbolism of the organization and of symbolism of the self, and opportunities for social interactions. We evaluate our theory using data collected from an online survey of British employees (n = 392) working in offices at home and/or in the organization in various industries. As predicted, workspace integration positively influences wellbeing directly as well as indirectly via mediation of symbolism of the organization and opportunities for social interactions. The third affordance—symbolism of the self—positively influences wellbeing, but is not affected by workspace integration. Our findings confirm the impact of workspace affordances on employee wellbeing, and thus their utility for the analysis of social sustainability. The findings also contribute to understanding of the differences between workspace symbolism of the organization and of the self, their impact on wellbeing, and thus their implications for social sustainability.

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