scholarly journals Whiplash-Associated Disorders. Biopsychosocial Profiles of Pain Perception in Forensic Cases of Victims of Motor Vehicle Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pina ◽  
Esteban Puente-López ◽  
José Antonio Ruiz-Hernández ◽  
Aurelio Luna Ruiz-Cabello ◽  
Luis Aguerrevere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Condition Evaluation ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorders

In order to make a complete diagnosis of all the factors influencing whiplash associated disorders (WAD), the evidence suggests that the condition evaluation should follow an integrated biopsychosocial model. This perspective would offer a fuller view of it, recognizing the interplay between the medical, biomechanical, social, and psychological factors. Despite the progress made in the subject, evidence of which psychosocial factors influence the experience of pain in litigant WAD patients is limited. A cross-sectional design and a cluster analysis was used to study the experience of pain and the psychosocial factors included therein in 249 patients with WAD assessed after suffering a motor vehicle accident. Three clusters were obtained: C1, with low scores of pain and a slight-moderate alteration of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL); C2, with medium scores of pain, alteration of HRQoL and a perception of moderate disability; and C3, with medium-high scores of pain, alteration of the HQoL, perception of moderate disability, presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, poorer comprehension of the condition suffered, and the belief that it will extend over a long period of time. The results show a heterogeneous experience of pain in WAD, compatible with the biopsychosocial model of disease and the multidimensional approach to pain. The role of the psychologist in the evaluation of the condition could be useful to obtain a complete view of the condition, thus ensuring that the treatment is adapted to the needs of the patient.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury Related Hospitalization and Mortality in California

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Lagbas ◽  
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi ◽  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Deyu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

Objective. The aim of this study is to describe the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population and causes and identify factors associated with TBI hospitalizations and mortality in California.Methods. This is a cross-sectional study of 61,188 patients with TBI from the California Hospital Discharge Data 2001 to 2009. We used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses in SAS version 9.3.Results. TBI-related hospitalizations decreased by 14% and mortality increased by 19% from 2001 to 2009. The highest percentages of TBI hospitalizations were due to other causes (38.4%), falls (31.2%), being of age≥75years old (37.2%), being a males (58.9%), and being of Medicare patients (44%). TBIs due to falls were found in those age≤4years old (53.5%),≥75years old (44.0%), and females (37.2%). TBIs due to assaults were more frequent in Blacks (29.0%). TBIs due to motor vehicle accidents were more frequent in 15–19 and 20–24 age groups (48.7% and 48.6%, resp.) and among Hispanics (27.8%). Higher odds of mortality were found among motor vehicle accident category (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41); males (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27–1.46); and the≥75-year-old group (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI: 4.9–8.4).Conclusions. Our findings suggest a decrease in TBI-related hospitalizations but an increase in TBI-related mortality during the study period. The majority of TBI-related hospitalizations was due to other causes and falls and was more frequent in the older, male, and Medicare populations. The higher likelihood of TBI-related mortalities was found among elderly male≥75years old who had motor vehicle accidents. Our data can inform practitioners, prevention planners, educators, service sectors, and policy makers who aim to reduce the burden of TBI in the community. Implications for interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Traumatic Aortic Injury in a 3-Year-Old Child - A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljohani M ◽  
◽  
Alanazi S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Aortic Injury ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Pseudo Aneurysm ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Tomography Scan

This case report describes a case of aortic injury with pseudo-aneurysm in a 3-year-old Saudi boy following a motor vehicle accident. The diagnosis was suspected on computed tomography scan, and emergency surgery was performed. A Dacron graft was inserted to repair the injured aorta. Postoperatively, absent femoral, and distal pulses were noted, and thromboembolectomy was performed with good outcome. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it raises awareness of aortic injury and rupture in pediatric patients with multi-organ trauma following motor vehicle accidents. A high index of suspicion and early intervention are essential in improving outcomes.

In-Field Extremity Amputation: Prevalence and Protocols in Emergency Medical Services

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Kampen ◽  
Jon R. Krohmer ◽  
Jeffrey S. Jones ◽  
J.M. Dougherty ◽  
Robert K. Bonness
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Trauma Surgeons ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:To determine current experience, attitudes, and training concerning the performance of in-field extremity amputations in North America.Design:Cross-sectional, epidemiological survey.Participants:Emergency medical services (EMS) directors from the 200 largest metropolitan areas in North America and attendees at the 1992 Mid-Year National Association of EMS Physicians Meeting.Interventions:The survey consisted of five questions focusing on demographic and operational data, the frequency of occurrence of the performance of in-field amputations, personnel responsible for performing the procedure, existing written protocols for the procedure, and the scope of training provided.Results:A total of 143 surveys was completed. Eighteen respondents (13%) reported a total of 26 in-field extremity amputations in the past five years. The most common cause for the injuries requiring amputations was motor-vehicle accidents. In the majority of cases (53.2%), trauma surgeons were responsible for performing the amputation, followed by emergency physicians (36.4%). Of respondents, 96% stated that there was no training available through their EMS agencies related to the performance of in-field extremity amputations. Only two EMS systems had an existing protocol regarding in-field amputations.Conclusions:The results suggest a need for established protocols to make the procedure easily accessible when needed, especially in large metropolitan EMS systems. This information should be emphasized during EMS training and reinforced through continuing education.

scholarly journals Chronic Pain and Whiplash Associated Disorders: Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Turk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorders ◽  
Pain Patients

One fundamental concept common to the rehabilitation of chronic pain patients is the understanding that patients with complex pain problems are best served by a team of specialists with different health care backgrounds. This approach to the management of chronic pain, especially as the result of a motor vehicle accident and associated whiplash, is addressed. Also described is a anxiety-based model and the potential of this model to prevent chronicity.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders and Risk of Motor Vehicle Accident

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Yim ◽  
Jae Wook Cho ◽  
Jun-Sang Sunwoo ◽  
Daeyoung Kim ◽  
Dae Lim Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Driving is a complicated process that demands coordination between a range of neurocognitive functions, including attention, visuo-perception, and appropriate judgment, as well as sensory and motor responses. Therefore, several factors may reduce the driving performance of an individual, such as sleepiness, distraction, overspeeding, alcohol consumption, and sedative drugs, all of which increase the hazard of motor vehicle accidents. Among them, drowsy driving is a major cause of traffic accidents, leading to more serious injuries as compared to other causes of major traffic accidents. Although sleep disorders have been highly associated among drowsy drivers, they are often untreated and unrecognized as a disease. In particular, obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy are some sleep disorders that are highly related to traffic accidents. Insomnia, which can cause inadequate sleep duration and promote sedative effects from sleeping pills, may also cause traffic accidents. These conditions are especially applicable to commercial bus or truck drivers, nocturnal workers, and shift workers, who are highly vulnerable to drowsy driving. Therefore, assertive screening and management of sleep disorders are necessary in general private drivers and relevant occupational drivers.

Probability Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Oncoming Vehicle ◽  
Probability Methods ◽  
The Right

Probability analysis is the key to extracting the maximum information from the evidence surrounding a motor vehicle accident. Moreover, it gives essential perspective to the answers drawn from the evidence, by conveying the uncertainty about the answers. In this paper, probability methods are used to analyze a typical intersection type collision between two vehicles. It is a situation in which one of the vehicles pulls out from a stop sign into the path of the other vehicle, which had the right of way. The vehicle that pulls out into the path of the oncoming vehicle precipitates the accident, but the driver of the oncoming vehicle may have contributed to the accident by traveling at excessive speed and or by being inattentive.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Outcome of Pediatric in a Referral Trauma Center in Iran; a Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Vasigh ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Meshkati Yazd ◽  
Fariba Jahangiri ◽  
Sina Seyedipour ◽  
Mina Yazdanifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Us Findings

Abstract Background Pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death from early childhood through adolescence.In this study, characteristics and associated factors of pediatric trauma cases are evaluated. Methods In this cross-sectional study, demographic and clinical characteristics of 622 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran are evaluated. Reported clinical characteristics include mechanism of trauma, type of trauma, ultrasonographic (US) findings, chest and abdomino-pelvic and brain computed tomography (CT) scan findings, blood hemoglobin (Hb) level, urinalysis, type of surgery, and mortality rate. Results The average age was 7.46 ± 3.64 years and the majority (63.7%) were male and endured direct trauma (36.3%). Most of our patients (n=305; 49%) were admitted in the orthopedic ward, followed by the neurosurgery ward (n=235; 37.8%). The mortality rate was 23 cases (3.7%). the lowest mortality was in the patients 11 to 15 years old (n=3; 13%), and the highest in five years and younger group (n=14; 60.9%). Conclusions Motor vehicle accidents are the leading fatal trauma injuries in children, therefore implementation of preventive measures specific to children is quite important but long overdue.

Child Restraint Law Effects on Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities and Injuries: The New Mexico Experience

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084
Author(s):  
C. Mack Sewell ◽  
Harry F. Hull ◽  
John Fenner ◽  
Howard Graff ◽  
Jeffrey Pine
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Nonfatal Injury

The New Mexico State Legislature passed a child restraint law applicable to children less than 5 years of age that became effective in June 1983. To evaluate the effectiveness of this law, we analyzed traffic accident data for New Mexico from January 1981 through September 1984. During this period, there were 20,972 children younger than 5 years of age in motor vehicle accidents. Restraint usage increased for this age group from a low of about 10% in 1981 to more than 40% in 1984 (P < 10-6). Unrestrained children younger than 5 years of age were five times more likely to be killed and two times more likely to be injured than restrained children. Analysis of motor vehicle accident fatality and injury rates pre- and postlaw revealed a 33% reduction in motor vehicle accident fatality rates and a 12.6% reduction in nonfatal injury rates for children younger than 5 years. We conclude that (1) child restraint devices are effective in reducing motor vehicle accident fatalities and injuries in young children and (2) the child restraint law has been effective in increasing child restraint usage and in reducing childhood death and injury in New Mexico.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy in a whiplash injury: a case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorders

Study Design: Case ReportObjectives: To describe physiotherapy intervention in an individual with asuspected whiplash injury.Background: The patient was a 29-year old male with complaints of neckpain and tightness following a motor vehicle accident. Methods and Measures: The focus of the case study is physiotherapyassessment and intervention in a stage II whiplash injury. Results: Following intervention, positive changes occurred in outcome measures such as pain, work status and activities of daily living. Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention is successful in addressing whiplash associated disorders.

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