scholarly journals Comparison of Japanese and Scottish Mother–Infant Intersubjectivity: Resonance of Timing, Anticipation, and Empathy During Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Negayama ◽  
Jonathan T. Delafield-Butt ◽  
Keiko Momose ◽  
Konomi Ishijima ◽  
Noriko Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Interactional Synchrony ◽  
Triadic Relationships ◽  
Japanese Mothers ◽  
Triadic Relationship

Feeding involves communication between mothers and infants and requires precise synchrony in a special triadic relationship with the food. It is deeply related to their intersubjectivity. This study compared the development of mother–infant intersubjectivity through interactional synchrony in feeding between 11 Japanese and 10 Scottish mother–infant dyads, observed at 6 and 9 months by video. Japanese mothers were more deliberate in feeding at an earlier age, whereas Scottish mothers were significantly more coercive than Japanese mothers at an earlier age. Japanese mothers brought the spoon to infants with a pause to adjust the timing of insertion to match their infants’ readiness, whereas this pause was not observed in Scottish mothers. Isomorphic mouth opening between mothers and infants was observed. This empathic maternal display is an important element of intersubjectivity in infant feeding that differed between Scottish and Japanese mothers. Scottish mothers’ mouth opening always followed their infants’ mouth opening, but about half of Japanese mothers preceded their infants. Further, the mouths of Scottish infants and mothers opened almost at the same time as spoon insertion. In contrast, Japanese mothers’ mouth opening did not co-occur with the insertion but was close to spoon arrival, a subtle but important difference that allows for greater infant autonomy. The time structure of Scottish mother-infant interactions was simpler and more predictable at 9 months than in Japan, where the structure was more variable, likely due to a stronger regulation by Scottish mothers. In conclusion, Scottish mother-infant intersubjectivity is characterized as more maternally reactive and mother-centered, whereas Japanese mother-infant intersubjectivity is characterized as more maternally empathetic and infant-centered. Cultural differences in intersubjectivity during feeding between Japan and Scotland are further discussed in relation to triadic relationships and parenting styles.

A Review of Matthias Doepke and Fabrizio Zilibotti’s Love, Money and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1022
Author(s):  
Lena Edlund
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

As Generation X’s (born in the 1960s and 1970s) child bearing years draw to a close, its parenting practices are due for assessment, the topic of the book under review. The book organizes its discussion around Diana Baumrind’s three parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. It chronicles the drift toward the two latter and argues that income inequality determines which one of the two will be popular. When inequality is low, less is at stake and the parenting style can be more relaxed. By contrast, high inequality pushes parents toward the achievement- oriented authoritative style. More generally, the book argues, cultural differences in parenting styles can be understood as the outcome of altruistic parents’ efforts to prepare their children for adulthood, a useful perspective when parental rights are limited, long the case in the West.(JEL D13, D63, I20, J12, J13, J16)

scholarly journals The Mothering of Conduct Problem and Normal Children in Spain and the USA: Authoritarian and Permissive Asynchrony

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wahler ◽  
M. Angeles Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Usa

Ninety-two clinic-referred and nonclinical mother-child dyads in Spain and the USA were observed in their home settings under naturalistic conditions for a total of 477 hours. Children in the clinic-referred dyads were considered troubled because of conduct problems. The observations were aimed at assessing two forms of mother-child asynchrony, either of which was expected to differentiate clinic referred from nonclinical dyads. Authoritarian asynchrony was defined as a mother's indiscriminate use of aversive reactions to her child, whereas the permissive form entailed indiscriminate positive reactions. Results showed the American mothers to generate more permissive asynchrony, whereas the Spanish mothers were inclined in the authoritarian direction. Only authoritarian asynchrony differentiated the clinical versus nonclinical dyads in each country. Discussion was centered on the greater salience of aversive as opposed to positive maternal attention, and cultural differences between countries that might have accounted for the different parenting styles.

Cultural orientations and historical changes as predictors of parenting behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Keller ◽  
Joern Borke ◽  
Relindis Yovsi ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Henning Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Parenting Behaviour

This study addresses the stability and variability of patterns of parenting in three cultural environments that can be assumed to differ with respect to their cultural models. German middleclass families can be assumed to follow primarily independent socialisation goals, Cameroonian Nso farmers can be assumed to follow primarily interdependent socialisation goals, and Costa Rican families can be assumed to follow an autonomous relational orientation. Parenting patterns of mothers interacting with their 3-month-old babies were assessed at two points in time, being 4 to 6 years apart. The data confirm the predicted cultural differences in style of parenting, which proved to be stable across the covered time span. We also predicted changes in parenting styles that should be oriented to a more independent cultural model across the cultural samples. Our data confirm this hypothesis, although the changes are differentially represented in the three samples, with the Cameroonian Nso sample expressing no significant changes and the German middle-class sample representing the most pronounced changes. The data are interpreted as documenting linkages between parenting and macrolevel societal changes.

Language and Play at One Year: A Comparison of Toddlers and Mothers in the United States and Japan

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Lisa Cyphers ◽  
Sueko Toda ◽  
Misako Ogino
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symbolic Play ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Japanese Mothers ◽  
Do So

The present study compared American and Japanese toddlers and their mothers on dimensions of language and play when the toddlers were 13 months of age. In both cultures and in both domains, individual variation in toddlers was associated with individual variation in mothers. In general, the frequency and variance of language and play activities were similar in the two groups. However, two notable cultural differences emerged. American toddlers were more advanced in both their productive and receptive vocabularies, and this cultural difference was matched by the tendency for American mothers to label and desciibe properties, objects, and events in the environment more frequently. In contrast, Japanese toddlers were more advanced on symbolic play, and their advanced play was matched by more advanced play in Japanese mothers, particularly for "other-directed" acts of pretence. These findings suggest that during this early period of symbolic development, as expressed through language and play, American and Japanese dyads emphasise different modes of representation and do so in ways that accord with traditional cultural concerns.

Parent Socialization Effects in Different Cultures: Significance of Directive Parenting

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 854-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sorkhabi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Parent Socialization ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting Style

In this article, the controversy of divergent findings in research on parental socialization effects in different cultures is addressed. Three explanations intended to address divergent findings of socialization effects in different cultures, as advanced by researchers who emphasize cultural differences, are discussed. These include cultural differences in socialization values and goals of parents, parental emotional and cognitive characteristics associated with parenting styles, and adolescents' interpretations or evaluations of their parents' parenting styles. The empirical evidence for and against each of these arguments is examined and an alternative paradigm for understanding and empirical study of developmental outcomes associated with parenting styles in different cultures is suggested. Baum-rind's directive parenting style is presented as an alternative to the authoritarian parenting style in understanding the positive developmental effects associated with “strict” parenting in cultures said to have a collectivist orientation. Directions for research on the three explanations are mentioned.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

Parenting and Adolescents’ Sexual Development in Western Societies

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke de Graaf ◽  
Ine Vanwesenbeeck ◽  
Liesbeth Woertman ◽  
Wim Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Psychosexual Development ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Parenting Influences ◽  
Reciprocal Associations

This review examines associations between parenting styles and the psychosexual development of adolescents. Methods and results of empirical studies of associations between parental support, control, and knowledge and the sexual behavior and sexual health of adolescents are described and evaluated. The results show that, in general, higher scores on support, control, and knowledge relate to a delay of first sexual intercourse, safer sexual practices, and higher sexual competence. Despite the vast amount of literature on this subject, the majority of these studies focus on single dimensions of parenting and unidirectional parenting influences. This review generates hypotheses regarding interactions of different parenting styles and reciprocal associations between parents and their children. There is a need for more dynamic, dialectical studies of parenting, and children’s sexual development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document