scholarly journals The Role of Payoff Valence on Voting: Egalitarian for Gains and Selfish for Losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alós-Ferrer ◽  
Michele Garagnani ◽  
Jaume García-Segarra
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral Outcome

We study how payoff valence affects voting behavior on the distribution of monetary outcomes framed as gains or losses in a group when using standard plurality voting (PV) procedures and when using approval voting (AV). The latter method allows the subjects to approve of as many alternatives as they wish and has been shown to eliminate the incentives to vote strategically. For both methods, we observe that voters express higher support for egalitarian allocations (and lower support for selfish options) when sharing gains than when sharing losses. Moreover, the average number of approved alternatives per ballot is higher when distributions are framed in terms of gains than when they are framed in terms of losses. We also discuss under which circumstances the shift in voting behavior is more likely to produce changes in the electoral outcome. The results suggest that framing manipulations (payoff valence) can significantly impact voting behavior.

scholarly journals Negativity and Political Behavior: A Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Negative Voting in Contemporary Democracies

2021 ◽  
pp. 147892992110001
Author(s):  
Diego Garzia ◽  
Frederico Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Rational Component

Recent developments in Western societies have motivated a growing consideration of the role of negativity in public opinion and political behavior research. In this article, we review the scant (and largely disconnected) scientific literature on negativity and political behavior, merging contributions from social psychology, public opinion, and electoral research, with a view on developing an integrated theoretical framework for the study of negative voting in contemporary democracies. We highlight that the tendency toward negative voting is driven by three partly overlapping components, namely, (1) an instrumental–rational component characterized by retrospective performance evaluations and rationalization mechanisms, (2) an ideological component grounded on long-lasting political identities, and (3) an affective component, motivated by (negative) attitudes toward parties and candidates. By blueprinting the systematic relationships between negative voting and each of these components in turn, and suggesting multiple research paths, this article aims to stimulate future studies on negative voting in multi-party parliamentary systems to motivate a better understanding of the implications of negativity in voting behavior in contemporary democracies.

Mr. Rossi, Mr. Hu and politics. The role of immigration in shaping natives' voting behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Barone ◽  
Alessio D'Ignazio ◽  
Guido de Blasio ◽  
Paolo Naticchioni
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior

scholarly journals Personalization of Politics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Garzia ◽  
Frederico Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personalization Of Politics

Over the last decades, the “personalization of politics” has turned into one of the defining elements of the democratic process. The common wisdom that sees popular political leaders as a fundamental electoral asset for their own parties has found increasing support in the existing comparative literature. Equally crucial aspects, such as the relationship between personalization and the old media, have been repeatedly addressed by communication research. A growing body of evidence from the fields of personality psychology and leadership studies has further refined our understanding of the role of individuals—politicians and voters alike—in driving this trend across time. Finally, institutional research dealing with parties, electoral systems, and cabinets has specified the structural transformations that fostered the personalization of politics in Western democracies and beyond. This article summarizes the growing body of available knowledge on the topic focusing, in turn, on General Overviews on personalization and politics; Electoral Research: Leader Effects on Voter Behavior and voting behavior; Personality Psychology and leadership studies; Party Politics; Political Communication; and Institutions: Primaries, Electoral Systems, and Executives and electoral systems.

Maximizing, Moralizing, and Dramatizing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

This chapter describes a “dramatistic,” “dramatic,” or “dramaturgical” approach to the study of social interaction. It asks whether the dramaturgical model insists on the theatricality of social life merely in the sense of insisting that people fill roles just as persons act parts in a play. This is the question of whether the crucial element in the dramaturgical picture is that cluster of insights that goes under the general heading of “role distance.” The chapter considers the peculiarities of rational explanation and about the role of reconstructions of “the thing to do” other than the role of explaining an action or series of actions by focusing on voting behavior in the terms proposed by Anthony Downs's An Economic Theory of Democracy. It also examines some recent accounts of the phenomenon of suicide, along with the rationality principle, which Karl Popper calls “false but indispensable” to the social sciences.

Upper House Elections in Japan and the Power of the ‘Organized Vote’

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Köllner
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Lower House ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Empirical Point

Vote mobilization qua local and national organizations has played an important role in postwar Japanese elections for both Houses of Parliament. However, while there is an abundant literature on personal support organizations (kôenkai) of individual politicians in the Lower House, the role of national organizations for vote mobilization in Upper House elections has so far received only scant attention. The phenomenon of the ‘organized vote’ in postwar Upper House elections in Japan raises a number of questions. How important has it been in terms of voting behavior? What are the factors underlying organized voting? And how has the electoral clout of national organizations changed over time? This article tries to make a modest contribution to the debate on ‘organized voting’. In particular, it addresses the proposition that the ability of national interest groups to mobilize votes has declined significantly. The main empirical point of reference in this article are the 2001 Upper House elections.

Unraveling the Black Mountain: Authoritarian Submission and Party Preference in Montenegro

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jovana Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Economic Preferences ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
Communist Countries

Abstract Why do some post-communist countries regularly experience democratic overturn of power while others do not? This article analyzes the role of authoritarianism, adopting a novel approach concentrating on three separate dimensions (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression). Examining Montenegro, a country that has not changed its incumbent government since the breakdown of communism, the article argues that authoritarian submission, which stands for an obedient relationship to a political authority, is a relevant factor for the domination of a single party—the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS). I test my assumptions using two surveys: the Montenegrin National Elections Study (2016) and a self-designed student survey. Notwithstanding the Montenegrin and Serb ethnic cleavage and economic preferences that remain significant for voting patterns, findings from both analyses confirm that submissive tendencies are important for voting behavior both for the national sample and for the educated young. This emphasizes the importance of psychological factors and the need to break submissive mindsets for successful democratic transformation in post-communist countries.

The political meaning of dining out: testing the link between lifestyle and political choice in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Cavazza ◽  
Piergiorgio Corbetta
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Choice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Demographic Features

The debate that has arisen around the weakening of the traditional cleavages’ heuristic power in explaining vote suggests considering the role of lifestyles in designing politically meaningful social aggregates. We investigated the relationship between lifestyle and voting behavior, establishing the degree to which this relationship traces the effect of the socio-structural categories (e.g. social class) or is, at least in part, independent of them. Through a k-means clustering, we individuated a typology of four Italian lifestyles; we showed its relation to socio-demographic features and its ability to discriminate participants’ political attitudes. The subscription to each lifestyle was significantly associated with voting behavior, net of the variance accounted for by the traditional cleavages. The theoretical implication and further direction of research are discussed.

The Role of the “Outsider” in Quasi-Legislative Systems: The Potential Utility of a Legislative Model

1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Volgy
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
To Come ◽  
Legislative Model ◽  
The Impact

As periodic stock–taking efforts would indicate,1students of international organizations have become increasingly sophisticated in the methods and techniques used for assessing the dynamics of international efforts at cooperation, and the impact of these efforts on the general stream of international politics. Nowhere has this been more true than in attempts by scholars to come to grips with the political processes acted out in the General Assembly of the United Nations. To para–phrase Keohane,2we have come to witness a change of focus from a somewhat static description of structures, rules and regulations, to analyses of patterns of voting behavior (and correlates thereof) to, finally, systematic analyses of patterns of interactions leading to votes and resolutions.

Recent Voting Behavior of Some Nationality Groups

1946 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Total Stock

In continuation of a previous study, the rôle of some nationality groups in the last three presidential elections has been investigated. Whereas the previous study was based upon political behavior by counties within eight states, the present work is based upon political behavior by wards within four cities. The cities were chosen because they contained large proportions of certain nationality groups, and because in these cities it was possible to order census tract material from the 1940 census by wards. Only four cities (Buffalo, Chicago, Detroit, and Pittsburgh) were examined because of limitations of time and expense. New York City is not included because of appreciable changes in the boundaries of Assembly districts between elections.In order that a group be amenable to our procedure, it was necessary that there be proportionately great enough concentrations within wards so that the actual voting behavior of the group could possibly induce a shift in the election results. In this respect, it must be remembered that the proportion of foreign-born is usually about one-third of the total stock of any given group in the localities. Of the fourteen nationality groups studied here, therefore, not every one could be tested by our method.

scholarly journals Media Agenda and Voters’ Behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Case Study of General Elections-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-206
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
Produce Change ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Media Applications

This study investigates the relationship between voters’ exposure to media agenda in terms of exposure of different political contents by the all media sources and its consequent impacts on their voting behavior. Data collection has been made with the help of face to face interviews method from 150 respondents (75 male and 75 female registered voters) belonging to province Khber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. Findings explored that in KPK during 2013 general elections, PTI (Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf) is perceived as the most favored party over other political parties. Findings further revealed that respondents preferred social media most influential to acquire political information followed by electronic media, social interaction and print media. To measure the change induced through exposure to mass media, findings revealed that majority of respondents opted very much role of media that strengthen the notion of powerful effects of media on voting behavior. The findings further illustrated that to produce change in voting behavior, Facebook identified as most influential source among other social media applications, Talk Shows from TV contents, columns in newspapers’ contents and news in radio shown the as most influential in this regard. Respondents’ dependency to alter vote choice found less dependent on TV followed by newspapers and almost negligible for radio whereas social media performed a noteworthy role in this context.

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