scholarly journals Diversity in Psychological Research Activities: Quantitative Approach With Topic Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachio Otsuka ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ueda ◽  
Jun Saiki
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Geographic Regions

Recent cultural studies have discussed universality and diversity in human behavior using numerous samples investigated worldwide. We aimed to quantitatively extend this discussion to various research activities in psychology in terms of geographic regions and time trends. Most psychology departments have specialists in various fields of psychology. Further, research institutions in all regions typically aim to provide systematic and balanced research education. Nevertheless, most researchers recognize universal features and patterns of diversity in research activities in psychology in terms of regional differences and time trends. However, these arguments remain intuitive and vague, and no studies have conducted quantitative analyses. To this end, we conducted topic modeling for the abstracts of psychological articles with the regions of author affiliations and publication periods as covariates. The results showed that the topic proportions related to basic research were high in North-Central America, whereas those related to clinical research were high in Europe. Interestingly, the regional differences shown by topic modeling were not observed in the frequency analysis of keywords, indicating that topic modeling revealed implicit characteristics. Moreover, we observed an increasing trend of neuroscience topics across publication periods. However, this trend was not valid for the psychology journal Psychological Science. Taken together, our results suggest diversity of geographic regions and periods in research activities in psychology. More importantly, our findings indicate that universality holds neither for human behavior nor research activities on human mental processes.

scholarly journals Time trends in prostate cancer mortality according to major geographic regions of Brazil: an analysis of three decades

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Beatriz Martins Conceição ◽  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
Karen Glazer Peres
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality ◽  
Geographic Regions

The aim of this study was to analyze prostate cancer mortality and time trends in Brazil, according to major geographic regions, States, and age brackets. Data on deaths from 1980 to 2010 were obtained from the Mortality Information System. Mortality trends were estimated using Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression. An upward time trend was observed in mortality in all regions of Brazil, with a mean annual increase of 2.8%. The upward trend in mortality occurred in most of the age brackets, with a concentration of deaths in men 70 to 79 years of age (41%) and a significant increase in the 40 to 60-year age bracket. The mortality rate increased significantly in all age brackets in the Northeast, compared to the other regions of Brazil. The study highlighted the importance of redistributing deaths from ill-defined causes in order to correct the mortality rates. The results point to significant regional differences and the need for continuous monitoring of mortality from prostate cancer in Brazil.

scholarly journals Analysis of mortality from diarrheic diseases in under-five children in Brazilian cities with more than 150,000 inhabitants

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraci Vieira Sergio ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ponce de Leon
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Children Under 5

This study analyzes mortality from infectious diarrheic diseases in children under 5 years of age in Brazilian municipalities with more than 150,000 inhabitants, excluding State capitals. The annual mortality rates by municipality from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed using a multilevel model, with years as first level units nested in municipalities as second level units. The dependent variable was the yearly mortality rate by municipality, on the log scale. Polynomial time trends and indicator variables to account for differences in geographic regions were used in the modeling. Time trends were centered on 1995, so they could be modeled differently before and after 1995. From 1990 to 1995 there was a sharp decrease in mortality rates by diarrheic diseases in most Brazilian municipalities, while from 1995 to 2000 the decrease was more heterogeneous. In 1995 the North and Northeast of Brazil had higher mortality rates than the Southeast, and the differences were statistically significant. Most importantly, the study concludes that there was an important difference in the pattern of mortality rate decreases over time, comparing the country's five geographic regions.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Saks ◽  
Barbara A. Spellman
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
Rules Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Rules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Rules of evidence are designed to facilitate trials by controlling what evidence may be presented at trial. Those rules came into being, and evolved over time, due to changes in trial process and structure – especially following the rise of adversarial procedure, whereby control over the marshaling and presentation of facts shifted from judges to lawyers. Refinements and reforms continue to be undertaken to try to improve the scope and clarity of the rules. Trial judges must not only apply the rules, they also have the discretion to make rulings in light of their expectations of the impact they think the evidence will have on jurors. This task involves metacognition: one human trying to estimate the thought processes of others. Thus, evidence rulemakers have been and are, effectively, applied psychologists. The rules of evidence reflect their understanding of the psychological processes affecting, and capabilities and limitations of witnesses, lawyers and jurors. Psychological research and methods provide an additional source of insight and assistance in that endeavor. Better psychological understanding should lead to more effective rules. Psychologists typically employ the scientific method: empirically testing hypotheses in an effort to discover which are valid understandings of how people perceive, store, and retrieve information. To evaluate evidence rules, one could conduct experiments directly on a rule, or borrow from existing knowledge developed in basic research and see whether those understandings support existing or proposed evidence rules.

Different perspectives of human behavior entail different experimental practices

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Psychology And Economics

My main argument is that the advice offered to experimental psychologists by Hertwig & Ortmann overlooks fundamental differences between the goals of researchers in psychology and economics. Furthermore, it is argued that the reduction of data variability is not always an end to be sought by psychologists. Variability that originates in individual differences constitutes valuable data for psychological research.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Sustainable Transition from Catch-up to Post Catch-up of South Korea and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4751
Author(s):  
San Choi ◽  
Jongtaik Lee ◽  
Hyun-Woo Park
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Patent Citation ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Research Expenditure

The essence of the experience of East Asia has been on technological capability building and dynamic industrial transitions from one stage to the next. While many studies for understanding the catch-up process and post catch-up agendas exist, empirical and comparative studies that consider the transition from catch-up to post catch-up are still rare. The significance of this research can be summarized in two ways. First, this study verifies the conformity of existing major catch-up to post catch-up transition studies with quantitative evidence. Second, by comparing commonalities and patterns from South Korea and China, this study examines the generality of the discourses and arguments about the transition from catch-up to post catch-up. The reflexive study of understanding transition from catch-up to post catch-up was conducted with a technology cycle time (TCT), self-citation ratio at a country level, and the basic research expenditure of Korea and China by using the US Patents and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) patent citation (for technology cycle time & self-citation ratio) and OECD’s database (basic research expenditure and gross domestic expenditure on basic research) for time period from 1998 to 2012. Empirical evidence of technology cycle time, self-citation ratio and gross domestic expenditure on basic research matched well with the prior transition arguments. First, Korea’s case shows a post catch-up trend with an increasing technology cycle time while China’s case presents catch-up trend (short-cycle period) and shifts to post catch-up trend (post catch-up trend). Self-citation ratios for both countries show increasing and converging pattern. In terms of basic research activities, both countries show increasing pattern. Korea exceeded the gross domestic expenditure on basic research of Japan and the US. Even though, China’s gross domestic expenditure on basic research has been tripled from 1998 to 2012, China’s gross domestic expenditure on basic research has still a long way to go to close the gap and to show a converging pattern. Many developing countries that once experienced a certain level of successful catch-up did not overcome the middle income trap have fallen behind. Understanding transition process of catch-up to post catch-up discussed in this paper may present a better understanding of long-term sequential development and economic sustainability of developing countries.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality as a Tool for Studying Visual Plasticity: 2009 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Bao ◽  
Stephen A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ocular Dominance Plasticity ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Visual Disorders ◽  
Medicine Education

Augmented reality (AR) has developed rapidly since its conception less than 30 years ago and is now a hot topic for both consumers and scientists. Although much attention has been paid to its application in industry, medicine, education, and entertainment, the use of AR in psychological research has been less noted. In this article, we survey recent progress in basic research that uses AR to explore the plasticity of the adult visual system. We focus on a particular application of AR called altered reality, which has been used to shed new light on mechanisms of long-term contrast adaptation and ocular-dominance plasticity. The results suggest that AR could also be a useful tool for the treatment of visual disorders.

449 Regional Differences in United States Lung Transplantation According to UNOS Geographic Regions

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. S153
Author(s):  
G.J. Arnaoutakis ◽  
T.J. George ◽  
A. Kilic ◽  
C.A. Merlo ◽  
A.S. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Geographic Regions

scholarly journals 2484

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Tilicia Mayo-Gamble ◽  
Velma McBride Murry ◽  
Michael R. DeBaun
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Despite the high prevalence of individuals diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Tennessee, comprehensive care and education for patients with SCD is not as widely available as healthcare services for individuals managing other chronic illnesses. We aimed to engage SCD stakeholders in patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) as a mechanism for advancing care and translational research for this rare disease population. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Through a partnership with the Sickle Cell Foundation of Tennessee, we implemented Community Health Ambassadors to systematically engage patient partners with SCD and their caregivers, aged 18–50 from rural and urban communities throughout Tennessee, in PCOR to establish a sustainable infrastructure, focused on connecting the SCD community through a service providing community-based organization to offer (1) information on how to connect with other families; and be informed about SCD community activities, or educational offerings; (2) training in basic research principals; and (3) opportunities to contribute to PCOR, including feedback on effective and practical ways for providing input on research efforts through patient centered input, comparing urban and rural area preferences. Community ambassadors utilized health fairs, clinic days at various hospitals and community centers, and social media to spread awareness of the project, in addition to boosting the recruitment process. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A statewide SCD network was developed to offer social support and increase access to education, medical care, and engagement in research activities. Findings include: recruitment of 150 patients and 35 executive committee members (local physicians, community leaders, adults with SCD and parents of children with SCD). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Most rural and urban families affected by SCD have no systematic way to engage in, or lend their expertise to, PCOR. A statewide network of patient partners, community stakeholders, researchers, and medical professionals will ultimately increase the standard of care for patients, and provide valuable insight for SCD research. The opportunity to create the underpinnings for coordinated patient-centered education for patients with SCD and their caregivers holds promise for developing a scalable PCOR process model for replication and implementation in other states and emulate this model with other rare disease populations.

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