scholarly journals Regret and Other Emotions Related to Decision-Making: Antecedents, Appraisals, and Phenomenological Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Matarazzo ◽  
Lucia Abbamonte ◽  
Claudia Greco ◽  
Barbara Pizzini ◽  
Giovanna Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Outcome

Objectives: The mainstream position on regret in psychological literature is that its necessary conditions are agency and responsibility, that is, to choose freely but badly. Without free choice, other emotions, such as disappointment, are deemed to be elicited when the outcome is worse than expected. In two experiments, we tested the opposite hypothesis that being forced by external circumstances to choose an option inconsistent with one’s own intentions is an important source of regret and a core component of its phenomenology, regardless of the positivity/negativity of the post-decision outcome. Along with regret, four post-decision emotions – anger toward oneself, disappointment, anger toward circumstances, and satisfaction – were investigated to examine their analogies and differences to regret with regard to antecedents, appraisals, and phenomenological aspects.Methods: Through the scenario methodology, we manipulated three variables: choice (free/forced), outcome (positive/negative), and time (short/long time after decision-making). Moreover, we investigated whether responsibility, decision justifiability, and some phenomenological aspects (self-attribution, other attribution, and contentment) mediated the effect exerted by choice, singularly or in interaction with outcome and time, on the five emotions. Each study was conducted with 336 participants, aged 18–60.Results: The results of both studies were similar and supported our hypothesis. In particular, regret elicited by forced choice was always high, regardless of the valence of outcome, whereas free choice elicited regret was high only with a negative outcome. Moreover, regret was unaffected by responsibility and decision justifiability, whereas it was affected by the three phenomenological dimensions.Conclusion: Our results suggest that (1) the prevailing theory of regret is too binding, since it posits as necessary some requirements which are not; (2) the antecedents and phenomenology of regret are broader than it is generally believed; (3) decision-making produces a complex emotional constellation, where the different emotions, singularly and/or in combination, constitute the affective responses to the different aspects of decision-making.

scholarly journals Outcome contingency selectively affects the neural coding of outcomes but not of tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wisniewski ◽  
Birte Forstmann ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractValue-based decision-making is ubiquitous in every-day life, and critically depends on the contingency between choices and their outcomes. Only if outcomes are contingent on our choices can we make meaningful value-based decisions. Here, we investigate the effect of outcome contingency on the neural coding of rewards and tasks. Participants performed a reversal-learning paradigm in which reward outcomes were contingent on trial-by-trial choices, and performed a ‘free choice’ paradigm in which rewards were random and not contingent on choices. We hypothesized that contingent outcomes enhance the neural coding of rewards and tasks, which was tested using multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data. Reward outcomes were encoded in a large network including the striatum, dmPFC and parietal cortex, and these representations were indeed amplified for contingent rewards. Tasks were encoded in the dmPFC at the time of decision-making, and in parietal cortex in a subsequent maintenance phase. We found no evidence for contingency-dependent modulations of task signals, demonstrating highly similar coding across contingency conditions. Our findings suggest selective effects of contingency on reward coding only, and further highlight the role of dmPFC and parietal cortex in value-based decision-making, as these were the only regions strongly involved in both reward and task coding.

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) Berdasarkan Kualitas Untuk Menentukan Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching (Studi Kasus: PT Adila Prezkifarindo Duta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Dasarius Gulo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Profile Matching ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

In the process of selecting Indonesian Workers (TKI) based on quality at PT. Adila Prezkifarindo Duta is classified as still manual, where there is not yet a system for selecting quality migrant workers so it requires a long time for its assessment and the selection process is less effective. To support decision making in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers (TKI) to make it easier by using a decision support system. One method used in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers is the Profile Matching method. The profile matching method is a decision-making mechanism by assuming that there is an ideal level of predictor variables that must be met by applicants, rather than the minimum level that must be met or passed. In the profile matching process a process will be compared between individual competencies into standard competencies so that different competencies can be identified (also called Gap). The smaller the gap produced, the greater the weight value. In matching this profile, the selected TKI candidates are Indonesian Workers who are closest to the ideal profile of a qualified TKI.

scholarly journals How Africa Should Engage Ubuntu Ethics and Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Simon K. Langat ◽  
Pascal M. Mwakio ◽  
David Ayuku
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Communitarian Ethics ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Long Time

Automation of human tasks has taken place for a long time now. Humans have in earlier periods dreamed of a world where machines capable of mimicking decision making would be created with some works of fiction describing in caricature, how machines would take over the human space in the world. Artificial intelligence has come to fruition in the last few decades following the development of fast computing capability and vast chip memory. Discussions of how the human space will look and feel when artificial intelligence have taken place at various levels of global organization geared towards ensuring that the new “thinking machines” do not rock human society in ways to render them obsolete. This article looks at the ethics of AI considering the issues that have been outlined by others in the light of communitarian ethics as seen in Africa. It describes the possible impact of thinking machines on society and how individuals would relate with each other and with AI systems.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL FINANCE DAN PENGARUHNYATERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN HUTANG (Studi Pada Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah (UKM) di Pulau Lombok )

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Hidayati ◽  
Sri Wahyulina ◽  
Embun Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Question Form ◽  
Age Of Majority ◽  
Selection Of

This research aims to analyze: 1) The effect of overconfidence against debt decision-making on SME’s, 2) The Effect of the illusion of control against debt decision-making on SME’s, 3) The effect of availability against debt decision-making on SME’s.This research is a research-based approach to quantitative, with this type of research is explanatory research. The population of the research was all SME’s that are located on the island of Lombok. The technique of sampling done with Non probability sampling, i.e. using judgement sampling i.e. selecting SME’s engaged in pottery industry and already exports. Of the population, there are 35 (thirty five) SME’s which can be taken as a sample. The respondents in this study was a financial manager at the same time as the owner of each such SME’s. Data collection techniques used in this research is to use the question form. To achieve the research objectives and hypothesis testing, then the data acquired will be processed according to your needs by using statistical tools GSCA (Generalized Structured Component Analysis).The results showed: 1) Overconfidence has no significant effect on decision-making on debt undertaken by owner Managers, 2) Illusion of Control has significant effect on decision-making on debt undertaken by the SME owner managers, 3) Avaibility has no significant effect on decision-making on debt undertaken by the SME owner managers. This shows the SME’s managers in the selection of a rational debt as a source of funding. The rational attitude effected by the characteristics of respondents who was the Manager of the SME’s owner, i.e., the age of majority SME’s managers are still productive ranged from 37 to 54 years of age, mostly female, with a level of education mostly high school and college graduates, as well as long time effort over 10 years. Keywords: overconfidence, illusion of control, avaibility, decision making of debt

Social Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Yuh-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time

Social network analysis (SNA) is an attractive problem for a long time when social communities were popular since 2010. Scholars like to explore the meaning behind the numerous interactions generated at these social media sites. The primary and essential issue of SNA is to monitor, estimate, and engage the potential influencers who are most relevant and active to network. If we can analyze the social network this way, business enterprises could use minimal efforts to sustain the activity of influential users, improve sales, and enhance their reputations. In this chapter, a research framework based on multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) is proposed. The authors will show how scholars could use dynamic self-organizing map (SOM) based on multiple-objective evolving algorithm (MOEA) and static weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS) to analyze a social network. Finally, comparisons are made between the innovative approaches and the methods in tradition.

scholarly journals A Reexamination of Firm’s R&D Expenditure Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Hsin-Jung Hsieh ◽  
Yen-Chih Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Knowledge acts as a crucial element in economic activities. For knowledge-intensive business, R&D activities maintain market competitiveness and create new firm value. R&D expenditure indeed brings forth potential growth opportunities for firm value although the growth may take a long time to achieve. Apart from that, it usually accompanies problems of agency costs and asymmetric information in daily firm operations, which, in turn, may offset the certainty of a firm’s increasing value. This study examines the decision-making on optimal R&D expenditure for listed firms in Taiwan. From January 1986 to December 2013, the data of all the listed firms excluding financial, insurance, and securities firms have been analyzed. In addition, to further explore the differences in decision-making among different macroeconomic conditions, industrial attributes and firms’ characteristics, we divide all samples into subsamples to reexamine. The empirical findings indicate that firms may weigh the cost and benefit of R&D expenditure in its decision, but the driving factor lies in firm’s return on assets (ROA), potential growth opportunity, and capital structure.

The Structured-Objective Rorschach Test: A Question of Choice Frequency

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Langer ◽  
Thomas L. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
State University ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Utah State University ◽  
Consistency Of The Test ◽  
Choice Frequency ◽  
Choice Method

Ss at Utah State University were administered the SORT in a free- (as many or as few responses per blot) and forced- (one response per triad for a total of 10 responses per blot) choice counterbalanced design. Findings indicated: (1) the internal consistency of the test was strengthened by the free-choice method and (2) there was an order-of-testing effect, with women making more responses on the free-choice which preceded the forced-choice administration.

An Exploratory Phenomenological Psychological Approach to the Experience of the Moral Sense

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Long Time

AbstractThe study of the moral sense was neglected for a long time in psychology until recently when Kohlberg, following the work of Piaget, constructed a scale for studying moral judgments. In this article the more scientific and empirical approach to the moral sense is questioned and an argument is made that a qualitative approach would yield more meaningful results. The work of Coles is cited as one example of a qualitative approach, and this article suggests a phenomenological approach. Five brief descriptions describing learning, resentment, decision-making, and the experience of autonomy were used for both analyses of the moral sense and psychological concomitants. The results indicate that the moral sense is a meaning that refers to an "ought" and that the awakening of the moral sense is frequently associated with negative emotions or feelings.

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