scholarly journals Gambling Dual Disorder: A Dual Disorder and Clinical Neuroscience Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Szerman ◽  
Francisco Ferre ◽  
Ignacio Basurte-Villamor ◽  
Pablo Vega ◽  
Beatriz Mesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Dual Disorder

Several behaviors, including compulsive gambling, have been considered non-substance-related addictive disorders. Categorical mental disorders (e.g., DSM-5) are usually accompanied by very different symptomatic expressions (affective, behavioral, cognitive, substance abuse, personality traits). When these mental disorders occur with addictive disorders, either concomitantly or sequentially over the life span, this clinical condition is called a dual disorder. Gambling disorder (GD) has been associated with other categorical psychiatric diagnoses: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, antisocial personality disorder; and dimensional symptoms including higher impulsivity, poorer emotional wellbeing, cognitive distortion, psychosis, deficient self-regulation, suicide, poorer family environment, and greater mental distress. We are calling this clinical condition Gambling Dual Disorder. From a clinical perspective, it is clear that Gambling Dual Disorder is not the exception but rather the expectation, and this holds true not just for GD, but also for other mental disorders including other addictions. Mental disorders are viewed as biological disorders that involve brain circuits that implicate specific domains of cognition, emotion, and behavior. This narrative review presents the state of the art with respect to GD in order to address current matters from a dual disorder, precision psychiatry, and clinical neuroscience perspective, rather than the more subjective approach of symptomatology and clinical presentation. This review also presents Gambling Dual Disorder as a brain and neurodevelopmental disorder, including from the perspectives of evolutionary psychiatry, genetics, impulsivity as an endophenotype, the self-medication hypothesis, and sexual biological differences. The wide vision of the disease advances a paradigm shift, highlighting how GD and dual disorders should be conceptualized, diagnosed, and treated. Rethinking GD as part of a dual disorder is crucial for its appropriate conceptualization from the perspective of clinical neuroscience and precision psychiatry.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Diagnosis and Management of Addiction and Other Mental Disorders (Dual Disorders)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Ana Adan ◽  
Marta Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Health Organization

The term “dual disorder” (DD) refers to the coexistence or concurrence of at least one substance use disorder (SUD) and another mental disorder in the same person, as the World Health Organization established in its lexicon of alcohol and drug terms [...]

scholarly journals Psychosocial rehabilitation and family intervention for people with dual disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Baena
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Disorder Treatment

In dual disorder, two serious and chronic disorders converge that are still a challenge to health and social care networks. In this context, families play an important role in keeping these people included in the community. Dual disorder is associated with a series of negative effects on the family environment, with a greater burden of care and conflict. For this article, four models of family intervention in dual disorder have been reviewed. Conclusions. Family intervention has proven to be an important element of dual disorder treatment. The four intervention programs presented coincide in share some common components: single / multi-family intervention, theoretical bases of the models of with proven efficacy, psychoeducation, communication training, problem solving, and the motivational interview across the entire program. Even so, some areas still persist without improvements and areas that do not improve persist and the results are not conclusive, so it is necessary to continue looking for formulas that point towards more flexible therapeutic resources according to the needs and circumstances of each of these people.

Illness Perception and Explanatory Models Involved in Health Services for Addictive Disorders and Dual Disorders in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian G. Toledo-Lozano ◽  
Elia N. Arganis-Juárez ◽  
Marcela A. Tiburcio-Sainz ◽  
Asunción Álvarez-del-Río ◽  
Ingrid Vargas-Huicochea
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
Addictive Disorders

Mental disadaptation correction of the family members of dangerous professions workers

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Alexandra Yu. Kivorkova ◽  
Andrey G. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Family

Aim. The aim of the paper was the substantiation the directions of correction the emotional state of the family environment of the family members of dangerous professions on the basis of biobehavioral therapy using biofeedback technology. Methods. 47 women were examined (29.34.7 years) wives of employees whose professional activities are related to solving professional problems in extreme conditions. The hardware and software complex BOS-Pulse with the Pulse module with game plots, Multipsychometer was used. According to the pulse recorded by the photoplethysmographic method, a spectral analysis of heart rate variability was carried out using a program for processing data from game biocontrol. The control of efficiency was carried out according to the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system and indicators of the color choice test. Results. By the end of the training, all women had mastered the skill of increasing RR-intervals. The value of the stress index of Baevskys regulatory systems during the course of biobehavioral therapy decreased from 73.217.8 to 56.825.4, the index of vegetative balance from 132.729.2 to 84.545.2. According to the test of color choices, a pronounced deepening of positive tendencies in terms of psychological indicators was noted, which, in general, was expressed in a significant decrease in anxiety and fatigue with a simultaneous increase in working capacity and indicators of the vegetative coefficient. Conclusions. Correctional trainings with the use of biocontrol technology led to an improvement in personal adaptive characteristics, the formation and consolidation of the conditioned reflex skill of self-regulation and a corrective behavioral stereotype that promotes activation of the bodys reserve capabilities. The effective behavioral strategies of self-regulation developed by women contributed to the training of productive techniques for counteracting stressors associated with the specifics of husbands professional activities and, accordingly, with the family microclimate.

scholarly journals The correlation of sociopsychological characteristics and self-stigmatization of patients with mental disorders (Result of original study)

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
N. B. Lutova ◽  
O. V. Makarevich ◽  
K. E. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Original Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self System

The investigation studies the relationship between narcissistic self-regulation with the features and expression of self-stigmatization in patients with endogenous mental disorders. The study involved 131 people, including patients with schizophrenia — 66.8% and individuals with affective disorders — 33.2%. The survey was conducted by using the following methods: «Index of Self-system functioning» and questionnaire of self-stigmatization by Mikhailova-Yastrebov. Data on correlation of strength personality reducing with selfstigmatization, the specifics of Self-regulation structure in various inner stigma forms, and the absence of IFSS significant differences in patient’s groups with different nosological forms of mental disorders, disease’s duration and number of hospitalizations — were obtained. The specific personal characteristics underlying premorbid changes in the Self-regulation system that determine the vulnerability of patients to the formation of stigma are discussed.

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF PREVENTION OF SUICIDE IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIO

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V. K. Shamrei ◽  
K. V. Dnov ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
The Military

Relevance. The level of suicides, according to several authors, is one of the most significant indicators of mental health in society, including in the armies of the world.Intention. To analyze suicides and their existing prevention system in the Russian Federation population and Armed Forces in 2007–2018.Methodology. Mental disorders and behavioral disorders (F00–F99 by Chapter V, the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision) were analyzed according to 3/MED Form in the military units, where ≥ 80 % of the military personnel served. The longterm trends of the main statistical indicators of suicides and mental disorders among military personnel compared to the Russian population have been established.Results and Discussion. In 2007–2018, the level of suicides in the Russian Armed Forces was (12.00 ± 1.35) per 100 thousand military personnel and was 1.7 times lower than in the population of Russia (20.12 ± 1.56) per 100 thousand (p < 0.001). The level of suicides seems to decrease among the military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. When analyzing the longterm incidence of mental disorders and the level of suicides in the personnel of the Armed Forces of Russia, no significant correlation was found. At the same time, in a cohort of officers and ensigns, a statistically significant correlation was established between the level of suicides and the general incidence of the Chapter V diseases (r = 0.87; p < 0.01), including stressrelated neurotic and somatoform disorders (F40–F48; r = 0.72; p < 0.01), mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances (F10–F19; r = 0.89; p < 0.001). In the military conscripts, there was a correlation between the level of suicides and general morbidity related to Chapter V diseases (r = 0.72; p < 0.05), including personality and behavior disorders in adulthood (F60–F69; r = 0.81; p < 0.01) and organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00– F09; r = 0.76; p < 0.05). It was revealed that among the officers and military personnel under the contract, family and domestic causes of suicide prevailed in contrast to the draft servicemen. Meanwhile somatic and mental diseases as a predominant cause of suicide accounted for a relatively small proportion.Conclusion. Psychoprophylactic measures should be aimed at early detection of servicemen prone to suicidal behavior, effective assistance in resolving militaryprofessional difficulties and domestic problems, as well as at improving their adaptation to military service. Special attention should be paid to the early detection of people with addictive disorders, especially alcohol abusers.

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION IN THE INFECTIONIST IN HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH EARLY SYPHILIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Chumakov ◽  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

HIV and syphilis have similar epidemiological characteristics which causes a high level of combined infection. Both STDs affect the central nervous system early after infection. Mental disorders occur with a high incidence in HIV-infected patients and patients with syphilis, but data on the effect of combined HIV and syphilis infection on mental disorders are found only in single articles. Objectives. The goal is to study mental disorders and their effect on the commitment to observation in the infectionist in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. Materials and methods. A comparative study of 148 patients (65 HIV-infected patients with syphilis, 50 patients with syphilis monoinfection, 33 HIV-infected patients, seronegative for syphilis) was carried out. We used clinical, psychopathological, follow-up, psychometric, laboratory and statistical methods of investigation. Results. It was found that mental disorders occur in the majority (83%) of HIV-infected patients with syphilis with the predominance of affective (54%) and addictive (48%) disorders. In HIV-infected patients with early neurosyphilis, psychogenic reactions developed statistically significantly more often than in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of addictive, affective, personality disorders and mental disorders due to organic brain damage in patients with early neurosyphilis and early syphilis in the case of co-infection with HIV infection. Mental disorders due to organic brain damage had a mixed genesis (including infectious) in all cases and were associated and caused by the already existing HIV infection. HIV-infected patients with syphilis, in general, were characterized by the low commitment to observation in the infectionist which were influenced by the following factors: social maladjustment, drug abuse and criminal activity. Discussion. The frequency of detected mental disorders in the examined HIV-infected patients with syphilis (83,1%) corresponded to the literature on the incidence of mental illness in HIVinfected patients inSt. Petersburg(85,6%), but was higher than the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with syphilis (68%). Given the established influence of neurosyphilis mono-infection on the development of mental disorders due to organic brain damage, it can be concluded that the disease with early neurosyphilis is important in the development of mental disorders of organic genesis. But the weight of this factor is insufficient in case of co-infection with HIV and early neurosyphilis and can only have additional significance in the development of mental disorders and the key factor is HIV-infection action. Mental disorders (addictive disorders and cognitive impairment) adversely affect the commitment to observation in the infectionist of HIV-infected patients with syphilis, therefore timely correction of mental disorders may be one of the factors improving compliance of patients. Conclusions. The study found a minor role of early neurosyphilis (as opposed to HIV infection) on the formation of mental disorders in the case of a combination of these infections. At the same time, it was found that addictive and cognitive symptomatic complexes have a negative impact on the probability of reference to an infectious disease specialist for initiating therapy in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

scholarly journals Zmiany kryteriów w diagnozowaniu zaburzeń związanych z hazardem oraz uzależnień chemicznych i czynnościowych

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Iwona Niewiadomska ◽  
Agnieszka Palacz-Chrisidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Autorki poruszają kwestię zmian w kryteriach diagnostycznych dotyczących zaburzeń związanych z hazardem oraz uzależnień chemicznych i czynnościowych w literaturze przedmiotu. Prezentują też krótki przegląd kolejnych edycji podręczników międzynarodowych klasyfikacji, zarówno Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM, jak i The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – ICD. W artykule przedstawiona jest również dyskusja badaczy na temat umiejscowienia zaburzeń związanych z hazardem w klasyfikacjach diagnostycznych. DSM-V umiejscawia zaburzenie hazardowe w kategorii „zaburzenia używania substancji i nałogów” (ang. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, DSM-V), w podkategorii „zaburzenia niezwiązane z substancjami” (ang. Non-Substace Related Disorders, DSM-V). Natomiast według nadal obowiązującego ICD-10, zaburzenie hazardowe pozostaje w obszarze zaburzeń kontroli i impulsów, pod nazwą „hazard patologiczny”.

scholarly journals Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. e100214
Author(s):  
Hui Shen ◽  
Meijuan Chen ◽  
Donghong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
And Function ◽  
Telomere Regulation

In recent years, research on meditation as an important alternative therapy has developed rapidly and been widely applied in clinical medicine. Mechanism studies of meditation have also developed progressively, showing that meditation has great impact on brain structure and function, and epigenetic and telomere regulation. In line with this, the application of meditation has gradually been expanded to mental illness, most often applied for major depressive disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. The focus of this paper is to illustrate the biological mechanisms of meditation and its application in mental disorders.

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