scholarly journals Serum Levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin D and Their Association With Symptoms in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Hua Li ◽  
Xiao-Jing Yue ◽  
Cheng-Xin Wang ◽  
Jun-Yan Feng ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: To measure levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) and the symptomatic association of their co-deficiencies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Chinese children (6–9 years).Methods: Eighty-two children (69 boys and 13 girls; mean age = 7.1 ± 0.9 years at the time of the diagnosis) with ADHD were recruited as ADHD group. A total of 106 healthy children were recruited as the healthy control (HC) group. Serum levels of retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of all children were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) was employed to assess the clinical symptoms of ADHD.Results: Children suffering from ADHD had significantly reduced serum levels of retinol and 25(OH)D compared with those of HCs, and the prevalence of VA deficiency and VD deficiency were higher in children suffering from ADHD. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol were linked closely with the presence or absence of ADHD after adjustment for age, body mass index, season of blood sampling, and sun exposure. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol showed a negative correlation with the total scores of SNAP-IV. Children with ADHD as well as VA and VD co-deficiency had increased SNAP-IV total scores and ADHD inattention subscale scores.Conclusion: VA deficiency and VD deficiency in children with ADHD were increased in comparison with that in HCs. VA and VD co-deficiency associated with ADHD symptom severity. Attention should be paid to regular testing of VA levels and VD levels. However, the mechanism of VA and VD in ADHD needs to be further studied. Interventional studies on VA and VD supplementation are recommended to further verify the relationship between VA and VD co-deficiency and ADHD.

The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum BDNF, Dopamine, and Serotonin in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Seyedi ◽  
Fatemeh Gholami ◽  
Mahsa Samadi ◽  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Background & Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. The exact etiology of this disease is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the disorder of catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems. Also, serum vitamin D levels in patients with ADHD is lower. Several studies have also shown the effect of vitamin D on the synthesis pathways of dopamine, serotonin, and a number of neurotrophic factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), dopamine, and serotonin in school-aged children with ADHD. Methods: Eighty-six children with ADHD were divided into two groups, based on randomized permuted blocks. Patients received 2000 IU vitamin D/day or a placebo for 12 weeks. Serum levels of BDNF, dopamine, serotonin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Serum levels of 25(OH)D and dopamine significantly increased in the vitamin D group, compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). However, serum BDNF and serotonin levels did not change significantly. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation in children with ADHD can increase serum dopamine levels, but further studies are needed to determine the effects of vitamin D on neurotrophic factors and serotonin.

Vitamin D’s Molecular Action Mechanism in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saedisomeolia ◽  
Mahsa Samadi ◽  
Fatemeh Gholami ◽  
Marzieh Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background & Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Children with ADHD have challenges with learning, behavior and psychosocial adjustments, sometimes retained into adulthood. The exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. Several hypotheses have been raised regarding ADHD pathogenesis, including serotonergic and catecholaminergic signalling pathway dysfunction, neurotropic-related factors, oxidative stress, or neuroinflammation. Vitamin D has an important protective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress and certain neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter, as well as facilitating dopaminergic and serotonergic functions. Vitamin D levels in children with ADHD are lower than in healthy children, and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of vitamin D through multiple molecular mechanisms and can be considered as a promising target in understanding ADHD pathology. Conclusion: In this context, the present study reviews the molecular pathways of vitamin D in ADHD patients.

scholarly journals Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050541
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Mark Lee Wolraich ◽  
Ai-hua Cao ◽  
Fei-Yong Jia ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Double Blinded

IntroductionApproximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04284059.

scholarly journals Dietary Profiles, Nutritional Biochemistry Status, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Path Analysis for a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Ya-Hui Yu ◽  
Ming-Ling Fu ◽  
Wen-Ting Yeh ◽  
Jung-Lung Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Poor

This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis. We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height- and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of multiple nutritional markers. Moreover, we employed a structural equation model (SEM) to link diet, nutritional markers and ADHD. Compared to healthy control, ADHD children had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin B6, ferritin concentration, and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher levels of serum saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, and inorganic phosphorous concentration. Children with ADHD had more intake of nutrient-poor foods such as high sugar and high fat foods, and had less intake of vegetable, fruit, protein-rich foods than their counterpart. SEM analysis showed that the poor nutritional biochemistry profiles linked the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and ADHD. In conclusion, an unhealthy dietary pattern may be a predecessor of the poor nutritional biochemistry status, and managing diet and nutrition conditions should be considered to improve ADHD symptoms in children.

scholarly journals Writing kinematics and graphic rules in children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Nikola Ivancevic ◽  
Vera Miler-Jerkovic ◽  
Dejan Stevanovic ◽  
Jasna Jancic ◽  
Mirjana Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Writing Task

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to coIntroduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to compare kinematic features and graphic rules of writing between children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (with and without medical treatment) and typically developed children (TDC). Methods. In total, 55 children (26 with ADHD/ten subjects were on methylphenidate treatment and 29 TDC) completed a writing task on a digitizing board (in three repetitions; using non-inking stylus) which included a semicircle tracing, triangle, and letter copying. Kinematic features of movements in all tasks and graphic rules during a semicircle tracing were analyzed. Graphic rules were observed as expected movements (selecting the starting point and direction of tracing). Results. The values of kinematic parameter jerk were significantly larger in TDC group compared to all ADHD subjects (regardless of treatment) and increased constantly with semicircle task progression and repetition in both groups. Children with ADHD without methylphenidate treatment used overall slower movements compared to TDC. The tracing of children with ADHD taking methylphenidate was more automated (with less change in movement velocity and acceleration) compared to TDC. In ADHD group only, those with treatment traced faster and more automated compared to those without treatment. The majority of subjects used expected movements in semicircle tracing and this percentage increased with the task repetition (without difference between ADHD and TDC). Conclusion. Both children with ADHD and TDC used similar approach in the tracing task and were compliant with graphic rules. Methylphenidate treatment may positively influence writing kinematics in children with ADHD. Task repetition also influences writing.

scholarly journals Differential motor alterations in children with three types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 856-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Poblano ◽  
Belinda Luna ◽  
César Reynoso
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Motor Alterations

Objective To determine frequency of motor alterations in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method We evaluated 19 children aged 7-12 years with ADHD classified in three sub-types: Combined (ADHD-C), with Inattention (ADHD-I), and with Hyperactivity (ADHD-H). Controls were age- and gender matched healthy children. We utilized Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) for measuring motor skills. Results We observed differences between children with ADHD and controls in BOTMP general score and in static coordination, dynamic general- and hand- coordination, and in synkinetic movements. We also found differences in dynamic hand coordination between controls and children with ADHD-C; in dynamic general coordination between controls and children with ADHD-H; and in frequency of synkinetic movements between controls and children with ADHD-H. Conclusion Children with ADHD with a major degree of hyperactivity showed greater frequency of motor alterations.

Covert visual attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for developmental immaturity?

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Pearson ◽  
Laura S. Yaffee ◽  
Katherine A. Loveland ◽  
Amy M. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
Covert Visual Attention

AbstractShifts in covert visual attention were compared in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to determine if children with ADHD have developmental immaturities in covert attention, relative to their non-ADHD peers. Children were told to orient attention to a central fixation point and were then cued, by both central and peripheral cues, to direct their attention to either the left or right peripheral fields. Following variable time intervals, the target appeared and reaction times and errors were recorded. Although performance of all subjects showed faciliation when attention was directed by valid cues and inhibition when attention was directed by invalid cues, the performance of children with ADHD was far more disrupted when their attention was misled by invalid cues, especially at longer intervals. This inconsistency was reflected in significantly higher error rates in the ADHD group. They also showed a pattern of attentional “waxing and waning” in performance over longer time intervals that has been previously found in auditory attention switching over time within trials in children with ADHD. Overall, results are inconsistent with developmentally immature covert attention skills in ADHD. Findings are discussed in terms of the concept of global “developmental immaturity” in the attention skills of children with ADHD.

Caries Experience Associated with Attention – Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Todd Grooms ◽  
Martha Ann Keels ◽  
Michael Roberts ◽  
F. Thomas McIver
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a total caries experience that was equivalent to children without the disorder. Methods: The test sample included children ages 6 to 10 years old diagnosed with ADHD by physicians at Duke University Medical Center. The control group also included healthy children 6 to 10 years old without the diagnosis of ADHD.A visual dental exam for caries was performed and a sample of whole, unstimulated saliva was collected. The parent / guardian of each participant completed a health/medication history and a questionnaire concerning the child's oral health and habits, daily routine, and demographic information. Results: Wilcoxon and chi-square tests showed that children with ADHD have significantly more enamel caries in the primary and permanent dentitions and a significantly higher prevalence of total caries experience when compared to controls. There was no significant difference in whole saliva production between the ADHD children and the controls. Conclusions: Dentists should be aware that children with ADHD are at higher risk for caries.

scholarly journals Advances in Understanding the Relationship between Sleep and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Scarpelli ◽  
Maurizio Gorgoni ◽  
Aurora D’Atri ◽  
Flaminia Reda ◽  
Luigi De Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Microstructure ◽  
Meta Analyses

Starting from the consolidated relationship between sleep and cognition, we reviewed the available literature on the association between Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and sleep. This review analyzes the macrostructural and microstructural sleep features, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria (PRISMA). We included the polysomnographic studies published in the last 15 years. The results of macrostructural parameters are mixed. Almost half of the 18 selected investigations did not find differences between sleep architecture of children with ADHD and controls. Five studies observed that children with ADHD show a longer Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration than controls. Eight studies included microstructural measures. Remarkable alterations in sleep microstructure of ADHD are related to slow wave activity (SWA) and theta oscillations, respectively, during Non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep. Specifically, some studies found higher SWA in the ADHD group than controls. Similarly, higher theta activity appears to be detrimental for memory performance and inhibitory control in ADHD. These patterns could be interpreted as a maturational delay in ADHD. Also, the increased amount of these activities would be consistent with the hypothesis that the poor sleep could imply a chronic sleep deprivation in children with ADHD, which in turn could affect their cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Dietary Profiles, Nutritional Biochemistry Status, and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder: Path Analysis for a Case-control Study (P18-106-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Jen Wang ◽  
Ya-Hui Yu ◽  
Ming-Ling Fu ◽  
Wen-Ting Yeh ◽  
Jung-Lung Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Poor

Abstract Objectives Studies suggested that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with multiple dietary factors. Earlier studies addressed issues related to dietary allergens and toxicants. Recent attention has turned to nutrient imbalance resulted from unhealthy dietary habit. This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of ADHD and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis. Methods We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height- and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of multiple nutritional markers, including several potential vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. Moreover, we employed a structural equation model (SEM) to link diet, nutritional markers and ADHD. Results Compared to healthy control, ADHD children had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin B6, ferritin concentration, and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher levels of serum saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, and inorganic phosphorous concentration (Table 1). Children with ADHD had more intakes of nutrient-poor foods such as high sugar and high fat foods, and had less intakes of vegetable, fruit, protein-rich foods than their counterpart (Table 2). SEM analysis showed that the poor nutritional biochemistry profiles linked the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and ADHD (Figure 1). Conclusions We found that lower serum levels of B-vitamins and imbalanced mineral and fatty acid distributions were risk factors of ADHD and path analysis suggests that unhealthy dietary pattern may be a predecessor of the poor nutritional biochemistry status. Managing diet and nutrition conditions should be trialed and considered among methods to improve ADHD symptoms in children. Funding Sources National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C.; Academia Sinica. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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