The Indirect Effect of Trauma via Cognitive Biases and Self-Disturbances on Psychotic-Like Experiences

Although self-disturbances (SD) are considered to be a core psychopathological feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there is still insufficient empirical data on the mechanisms underlying these anomalous self-experiences. The aim of the present study was to test a hypothesized model in which cognitive biases and exposure to traumatic life events are related to the frequency of SD which, in turn, contribute to the frequency of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Our sample consisted of 193 Polish young adults from the general population (111 females; 18–35 years of age, M = 25.36, SD = 4.69) who experience frequent PLEs. Participants were interviewed for PLEs, SD and social functioning as well as completed self-reported questionnaires and behavioral tasks that measure cognitive biases (e.g., safety behaviors, attention to threat, external attribution, jumping to conclusion, source monitoring, overperceptualization). The model was tested using path analysis with structural equation modeling. All of the hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and our model fit the data well [χ2(23) = 31.201; p = 0.118; RMSEA = 0.043 (90% CI = 0.00–0.078), CFI = 0.985, SRMR = 0.041, TLI = 0.976]. The results revealed a significant indirect effect of traumatic life events on PLEs through SD and self-reported cognitive biases. However, performance-based cognitive biases measured with three behavioral tasks were unrelated to SD and PLEs. The frequency of SD explained a substantial part (43.1%) of the variance in PLEs. Further studies with longitudinal designs and clinical samples are required to verify the predictive value of the model.

Download Full-text

Genetic Influences on Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior during Adolescence

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2010/138345 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Niels van der Aa ◽

Eco J. C. De Geus ◽

Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt ◽

Dorret I. Boomsma ◽

Meike Bartels

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Threshold Model ◽

Exercise Behavior ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Age Cohorts

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which genetic and environmental influences affect variation in adolescent exercise behavior. Data on regular leisure time exercise activities were analyzed in 8,355 adolescent twins, from three-age cohorts (13-14, 15-16, and 17–19 years). Exercise behavior was assessed with survey items about type of regular leisure time exercise, frequency, and duration of the activities. Participants were classified as sedentary, regular exercisers, or vigorous exercisers. The prevalence of moderate exercise behavior declined from age 13 to 19 years with a parallel increase in prevalence of sedentary behavior, whereas the prevalence of vigorous exercise behavior remained constant across age cohorts. Variation in exercise behavior was analyzed with genetic structural equation modeling employing a liability threshold model. Variation was largely accounted for by genetic factors (72% to 85% of the variance was explained by genetic factors), whereas shared environmental factors only accounted for a substantial part of the variation in girls aged 13-14 years (46%). We hypothesize that genetic effects on exercise ability may explain the high heritability of exercise behavior in this phase of life.

Download Full-text

Factors Influencing Repurchase Intention in Drive-Through Fast Food: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1205

Author(s):

Yogi Tri Prasetyo ◽

Allysa Mae Castillo ◽

Louie John Salonga ◽

John Allen Sia ◽

Thanatorn Chuenyindee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Fast Food ◽

Structural Equation ◽

The Philippines ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Repurchase Intention ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Fast Food Industry ◽

Factors Influencing

The drive-through fast-food industry has been one of the fastest businesses growing over the past decades in developing countries, including the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors influencing costumers’ repurchase intention in a drive-through fast food in the Philippines by utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. A total of 305 Filipinos answered the online questionnaire, which contained 38 questions. The results of SEM indicated that subjective appetite (SA) was found to have a significant direct effect on menu options (MO). Consequently, MO was found to have significant direct effects on imagery elaboration (IE), vividness (VV), and convenience (CO), and an indirect effect on order accuracy (OA). Finally, SA, MO, IE, VV, OA, and CO were found to have significant effects on satisfaction (S), which subsequently led to loyalty (L) and repurchase intention (RI). Interestingly, MO was found to have the highest indirect effect on RI, indicating that MO is an important consideration for RI. This is the first comprehensive study evaluating drive-through fast food in the Philippines. The causal relationships of the present study can be applied and extended to evaluate the repurchase intention of drive-through fast food in other countries.

Download Full-text

Analisis Indirect Effect pada Structural Equation Modeling

NUCLEUS ◽

10.37010/nuc.v1i2.160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

Muhammad Darwin ◽

Khoirul Umam

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cultural Themes

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan dan kesamaan analisis Indirect Effect pada Structural Equation Modeling menggunakan software Amos dan SmartPLS. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif –komparatif. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan Model Spradley, dengan proses penelitian yang berangkat dari penjelasan yang lebih luas tentang indirect effect pada SEM, kemudian memfokus pada komparasi antar software dan menemukan benang merah penelitian (discovering cultural themes). Pembatasan penelitian ini adalah terbatas pada komparasi yang dilihat dari segi penggunaan dan ketersediaan yang ada pada output software. Ruang lingkup dalam pembahasan penelitian ini adalah terbatas pada penelitian skala nasional. Hasilnya adalah terdapat perbedaan pada analisis indirect effect pada nilai dan hasil evaluasi yang berbeda. Kemudian berbeda pada pengujian hipotesa Indirect Effect, keduanya menggunakan tool yang tidak sama, namun bisa saja menghasilkan evaluasi yang diterima atau ditolak tergantung jenis data dan model penelitiannya. Sedangkan kesamaan yang diperoleh adalah terletak pada hasil evaluasi pada ilustrasi penelitian ini sama-sama menghasilkan hipotesis yang ditolak.

Download Full-text

Technopreneurial Intentions: The Effect of Innate Innovativeness and Academic Self-Efficacy

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Sa’Ed M. Salhieh ◽

Yousef Al-Abdallat

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effect ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Engineering Students ◽

New Technology ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Undergraduate Engineering ◽

Academic Self Efficacy ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Positive Effect

Several factors can affect students’ intention to start a new technology-based venture (technopreneurial intentions). Understanding these factors is important when developing technical educational programs. This study investigates the effect of innate innovativeness and academic self-efficacy on technopreneurial self-efficacy and the forming of technopreneurial intentions. It does this by developing a conceptual model that relates technopreneurial intentions, technopreneurial self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and innate innovativeness. The data was collected from 378 undergraduate engineering students enrolled in a Jordanian university with a self-administered questionnaire survey. The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS showed that technopreneurial self-efficacy had a positive and significant impact on technopreneurial intentions. Academic self-efficacy had both a direct and indirect positive effect on technopreneurial intention. The indirect effect occurred through increased technopreneurial self-efficacy. Innate innovativeness had a direct effect on technopreneurial intentions, but it did not have a significant indirect effect through technopreneurship self-efficacy as was initially hypothesized. The findings suggest that those who show interest in starting a new technology-based venture have a strong belief in their abilities to perform the technological and entrepreneurial tasks needed, are confident about their ability to acquire the academic technical skills required, and have the inner motivation to seek what is technologically new and different.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Perceived Quality Terhadap Customer Loyalty dengan Perceived Risk dan Customer Trust Sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada PT. XYZ

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan ◽

10.24912/jmbk.v4i3.7912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Edrick Heriyanto ◽

Eko Harry Susanto

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Perceived Quality ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Customer Trust

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of perceived quality toward customer loyalty which is mediated by perceived risk and customer trust for PT. XYZ that engaged in chemistry. There are four variables perceived quality as the independent variable, customer loyalty as the dependent variable, and perceived risk and customer trust as mediating variable. The sample was determined by purposive sampling method, the questionnaire was well-collected and was used in data processing using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with Smart PLS 3.0 program. This analysis was conducted on 115 respondents as customer of PT. XYZ. Based on the result of the study, it was found that perceived quality, perceived risk, and customer trust have influence towards customer loyalty, perceived quality have influence towards perceived risk and customer trust, perceived quality had an indirect effect on customer loyalty via perceived risk and customer trust.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS UKM DENGAN ORIENTASI PASAR SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMEDIASI

Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.21460/jrmb.2011.62.62 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Maria Pampa Kumalaningrum

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Market Orientation ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Small Firms ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Market Planning ◽

Market Opportunities ◽

Strategic Market

This study examined the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small business mediated by market orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation reflects the degree to which firms’ growth objectives are driven bythe identification and exploitation of untapped market opportunities. Market orientation reflects the degree to which firms’ strategic market planning is driven by customer and competitor intelligence.Data was processed with Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS program. The results showed that Entre-preneurial orientation has an direct effect onmarket orientation and indirect effect on profitability mediated by market orientation. The results suggest, at least in small firms, entrepreneurial orientation complements market orientation by instilling an opportunistic culture that impacts the firm’s profitability.Keywords:market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and profitability.

Download Full-text

Effects of traumatic life events, cognitive biases and variation in dopaminergic genes on psychosis proneness

Early Intervention in Psychiatry ◽

10.1111/eip.12925 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kamila Kotowicz ◽

Dorota Frydecka ◽

Łukasz Gawęda ◽

Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽

Joanna Kłosowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Psychosis Proneness ◽

Traumatic Life Events ◽

Dopaminergic Genes

Download Full-text

Are Perfectionistic Thoughts an Antecedent or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms? A Cross-Lagged Analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282919877764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Avi Besser ◽

Gordon L. Flett ◽

Simon B. Sherry ◽

Paul L. Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Cross Sectional

Perfectionistic automatic thoughts have been linked with depressive symptoms in numerous cross-sectional studies, but this link has not been assessed in longitudinal research. An investigation with two timepoints was conducted to test whether perfectionistic automatic thoughts, as assessed by the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI), are contributors to subsequent depression or vice versa. The possible role of a third factor (major life events stress) was also evaluated. A sample of 118 university students completed the PCI, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Life Experiences Survey on two occasions with a 5-month interval. A cross-lagged analysis using structural equation modeling showed that above and beyond within-time associations and across-time stability effects, perfectionism automatic thoughts contributed to subsequent depressive symptoms and not vice versa. Negative life events stress was correlated significantly with both depressive symptoms and perfectionism automatic thoughts but did not have an influence on Time 2 depressive symptoms or on perfectionistic automatic thoughts. Our discussion focuses on perfectionistic automatic thoughts as a contributor to depressive vulnerability according to the perfectionism cognition theory.

Download Full-text

Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa125 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Gawęda ◽

Renata Pionke ◽

Jessica Hartmann ◽

Barnaby Nelson ◽

Andrzej Cechnicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Experience Of Care ◽

Traumatic Life Events

Abstract Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.

Download Full-text

Lifestyle and Shiftwork: Designing and Testing a Model for Health Promotion of Iranian Nurses

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association ◽

10.1177/1078390319886658 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamidreza Mokarami ◽

Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani ◽

Ali Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi ◽

Fariba Kiani ◽

Mohammad Faridan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Well Being ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Physical And Mental Health

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle is one factor that forms the nurses’ health, particularly those who work in shiftwork schedules. AIMS: The aim of this study was to design and test a model for health promotion of Iranian nurses. In this model, nurses’ lifestyle was considered as the precedent, physical and mental health as the outcomes, and sleep disturbance and chronic fatigue as the mediators. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling was conducted among 240 shiftworker nurses in Iran. The data collection was performed using the Persian versions of the Survey of Shiftworkers Questionnaire and Life Style Questionnaire. Bootstrap in Preacher and Hayes’ Macro program was used for testing mediation. RESULTS: Lifestyle had a weak significant direct effect on physical (β = 0.13, p < .04) and mental health (β = 0.12, p < .02), and it had a significant indirect effect on physical health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.11, p < .001) and sleep disturbance (β = −0.05, p < .01). This variable only had a significant indirect effect on mental health via chronic fatigue (β = −0.19, p < .001). The final model proposed a new significant path between sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue (β = 0.22, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the hospital officials can enhance the nurses’ physical and mental well-being by providing interventions and training courses on aspects of healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of body weight.

Download Full-text