Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults

Abstract Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.

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Resilience and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early exposure to traumatic life events and depressive symptoms in young adults

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 254 ◽

pp. 26-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dagmara Mętel ◽

Aleksandra Arciszewska ◽

Artur Daren ◽

Dorota Frydecka ◽

Andrzej Cechnicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Early Exposure ◽

Traumatic Life Events ◽

The Relationship

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Psychosocial factors at work, personality traits and depressive symptoms

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.181.2.111 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Paterniti ◽

I. Niedhammer ◽

T. Lang ◽

S. M. Consoli

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Occupational Characteristics ◽

Job Conditions ◽

Support At Work

BackgroundAn association between stressful job conditions and depressive symptoms has been reported. This association could be explained by personality traits.AimsTo examine the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and changes in depressive symptoms, taking into account personality traits.MethodThe role of occupational characteristics, psychosocial stress and personality traits in predicting an increase of depressive symptoms was evaluated in 7729 men and 2790 women working at the French National Electricity and Gas Company, with a 3-year follow-up.ResultsIn men, high decision latitude was predictive of a decrease in the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression scale (CES-D) scores. In both genders, high job demands and low social support at work were predictive of increased scores, irrespective of personality traits and covariates.ConclusionsAdverse psychosocial work conditions are predictors of depressive symptom worsening, independent of personality traits.

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Methylation Related to Perceived Parenting in Adolescents and its Association to Depressive Symptoms Two Years Later

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S307-S307

Author(s):

E. Van Assche ◽

E. Vangeel ◽

K. Freson ◽

K. Van Leeuwen ◽

K. Verschueren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Score ◽

Perceived Parenting ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Over Time

IntroductionAdolescents’ well being is affected by their parenting situation and can influence their well being over time. We present an exploratory study with an Illumina 450 k array, comparing methylation in adolescents, based on perceived parenting at T0, and how methylation can interact with parenting in explaining depressive symptoms two years later (T2).ObjectivesIdentify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with perceived parenting at T0 and investigate their association with depressive symptoms two years later.AimsAn exploratory analysis evaluating the association between methylation and depressive symptoms longitudinally.MethodsFrom two extreme parenting clusters: perceived supportive, and punishing neglecting, we randomly selected 44 adolescents (MAge = 14 at T0; 48%boys). The CES-D scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) assessed depressive symptoms. DMRs were identified based on the parenting clusters (DMRcate and comb-p) using llumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip data. Associations between the most significant CpG for each DMR and the depression score at T2, were calculated using linear regression analysis.ResultsWe identified 17 DMRs, but only cg13306335 in PEX10 was associated with depressive symptoms at T2 (P = 0.0014, Bonferroni (17 tests): P < 0.0029). Additionally, an interaction between parenting at T0 and PEX10 methylation (T0) in explaining depressive symptoms (T2) can be suggested (P = 0.014).ConclusionsWe show that methylation at PEX10's most significant CpG is correlated with depressive symptoms at T2, these exploratory results also suggest a possible interaction between parenting and PEX10 methylation at T0 in association with depressive symptoms at T2. Validation in a larger sample is needed to support the role of methylation and its interactions in depression over time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702616645777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1125-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Tasnime N. Akbaraly ◽

Clarisse Kerleau ◽

Marilyn Wyart ◽

Nathalie Chevallier ◽

Louise Ndiaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Circulating Inflammatory Markers

There is a growing interest in understanding the role of inflammation in the diet–depression relationship. The present study examined whether the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII; a measure of the inflammatory potential of individuals’ diets) is associated with recurrent depressive symptoms (DepS) (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score > 16 or taking antidepressants both at baseline and follow-up) assessed over 5 years in middle-aged men ( n = 3,178) and women ( n = 1,068) from the Whitehall II Study. For each increment of 1 SD of DII score, odds of recurrent DepS increased by 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.30, 2.12]) in women, whereas no significant association between DII and recurrent DepS was observed in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% CI = [0.92, 1.36]). This association was little attenuated after adjustment for confounders and after taking into account levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. In conclusion, there is an association between proinflammatory diet and recurrent DepS in women that seems to not be driven by circulating inflammatory markers.

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The role of self-disturbances and cognitive biases in the relationship between traumatic life events and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical sample

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 193 ◽

pp. 218-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Łukasz Gawęda ◽

Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽

Przemysław Adamczyk ◽

Dorota Frydecka ◽

Błażej Misiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Psychosis Proneness ◽

Traumatic Life Events ◽

The Relationship

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Prospective study on the association between serum amino acid profiles and depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256337

Author(s):

Takako Miki ◽

Masafumi Eguchi ◽

Takeshi Kochi ◽

Ami Fukunaga ◽

Sanmei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Working Population ◽

Serum Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profiles

Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that amino acids, particularly tryptophan and glutamate, play an important role in the pathology of depression, but prospective epidemiologic data on this issue is scarce. We examined the association between circulating amino acids and the risk of depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population. Methods Participants were 841 workers who were free from depressive symptoms and provided blood at baseline and completed 3-yr follow-up survey. 30 varieties of amino acid concentrations in serum were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of depressive symptoms according to serum amino acids with adjustment for lifestyle factors. Results A total of 151 (18.0%) workers were newly identified as having depressive symptoms at the follow-up. Baseline tryptophan and glutamate concentrations in serum were not appreciably associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. Risk of depressive symptoms tended to increase with increasing arginine concentrations; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus lowest tertile of serum arginine was 1.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–2.83; P for trend = 0.07). No clear association was found for other amino acids. Conclusions Results of the present study do not support a significant role of circulating amino acids in the development of depressive symptoms among Japanese.

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The Role of Identity Commitments in Depressive Symptoms and Stressful Life Events in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

10.31234/osf.io/a967b ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lotte van Doeselaar ◽

Theo Klimstra ◽

Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽

Susan Branje ◽

Wim H. J. Meeus

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Developmental Task ◽

Negative Experiences ◽

Adolescence And Young Adulthood

The formation of a stable identity, consisting of a strong set of commitments, is a key developmental task in adolescence and young adulthood. Not resolving this task and lacking strong identity commitments is related to difficulties like depressive symptoms and stressful life events. However, the exact role of identity commitments in these negative experiences has remained unclear. In two longitudinal studies in the Netherlands spanning eight and six years, respectively, we examined the associations between career and interpersonal commitments, depressive symptoms, and the number of experienced stressful life events over time. Study 1 included 683 adolescents (11 to 15 years at T1) and 268 adolescents and young adults (16 to 20 years at T1). Study 2 included 960 adolescents (12 to 17 years at T1) and 944 young adults (18 to 24 years at T1). Both studies indicated that stronger identity commitments predicted relative decreases in negative experiences. In Study 2, stronger interpersonal commitments predicted relative decreases in depressive symptoms. In both studies, stronger career commitments predicted a relative decrease in stressful life events. Furthermore, only career commitments weakened after negative experiences. Interpersonal commitments did not weaken after negative experiences, possibly because of the importance of interpersonal relationships during difficult times. Moreover, identity commitments did not buffer the effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms in either study. These findings underscore the importance of identity commitments in adolescence and young adulthood, but provide crucial nuances regarding their role in different life domains.

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Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic‐like experiences in young adults

Early Intervention in Psychiatry ◽

10.1111/eip.12829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dagmara Mętel ◽

Aleksandra Arciszewska ◽

Artur Daren ◽

Renata Pionke ◽

Andrzej Cechnicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

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Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Hirohito Tsuboi ◽

Yui Takakura ◽

Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽

Sakae Miyagi ◽

Keita Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Two Factors ◽

Study Population

To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.

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Role of depressive symptoms in cardiometabolic diseases and subsequent transitions to all-cause mortality: an application of multistate models in a prospective cohort study

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000693 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. svn-2020-000693

Author(s):

Yanan Qiao ◽

Siyuan Liu ◽

Guochen Li ◽

Yanqiang Lu ◽

Ying Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

European Population ◽

Multistate Models ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background and purposeThe role of depression in the development and outcome of cardiometabolic diseases remains to be clarified. We aimed to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms affect the transitions from healthy to diabetes, stroke, heart disease and subsequent all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and elderly European population.MethodsA total of 78 212 individuals aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included. Participants with any baseline cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, stroke and heart disease were excluded. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Euro-Depression scale at baseline. Participants were followed up to determine the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. We used multistate models to estimate the transition-specific HRs and 95% CIs after adjustment of confounders.ResultsDuring 500 711 person-years of follow-up, 4742 participants developed diabetes, 2173 had stroke, 5487 developed heart disease and 7182 died. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with transitions from healthy to diabetes (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20), stroke (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.44), heart disease (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.34) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.49). After cardiometabolic diseases, depressive symptoms were associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.89), patients who had stroke (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.61) and patients with heart disease (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.44).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease, and affect the risk of mortality after the onset of these cardiometabolic conditions. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms may have profound implications for the prevention and prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases.

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