scholarly journals The Role of Peripheral Inflammation in Clinical Outcome and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Psychosis: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Kose ◽  
Carmine M. Pariante ◽  
Paola Dazzan ◽  
Valeria Mondelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Peripheral Inflammation ◽  
Neuroimaging Data

Promising research investigating the association between inflammatory biomarkers and response to antipsychotic and/or adjunctive therapy, observed by improvement in psychiatric assessment, is emerging. Increased inflammation has been suggested to contribute to higher severity of symptoms/treatment resistance through the effects that this has on brain structure and function. The present systematic review aims to clarify the potential role of peripheral inflammatory markers as predictors of clinical outcomes and their association with neuroimaging markers in patients with psychosis. Systematic searches of the literature using the databases PsychInfo, OVID Medline, and Embase were conducted to collate studies investigating the association of inflammatory biomarkers with clinical outcome in patients with psychotic disorders and studies examining the relationships between inflammatory biomarkers and neuroimaging data. Seventeen studies on predictors of clinical outcome and 14 on associations between neuroimaging data and inflammatory biomarkers in psychosis were identified, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The main inflammatory markers associated with clinical outcome in psychosis were interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP). High levels of CRP and IL-6 were associated with worse clinical outcome and deterioration of symptoms over time; in contrast, increased levels of IL-10 were associated with greater symptoms improvement. Smaller hippocampal volume and reduced cortical thickness were the main neuroimaging markers associated with increased peripheral inflammation. The heterogeneity across the studies (i.e., treatments strategies, duration) suggests that potential prediction power of inflammatory biomarkers could partially depend on the methodologies, supported by the overall NOS ratings of the studies. Future studies may need to consider whether a combination of these inflammatory and neuroimaging markers could further improve our ability of predicting clinical outcome in patients with psychosis.

A systematic review of evidence for the role of inflammatory biomarkers in bipolar patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 160-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavani Sayana ◽  
Gabriela Delevati Colpo ◽  
Lutiana R. Simões ◽  
Vijayasree Vayalanellore Giridharan ◽  
Antonio Lucio Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Bipolar Patients

scholarly journals Forecasting prognostic trajectories with mismatch negativity in early psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minah Kim ◽  
Taekwan Kim ◽  
Wu Jeong Hwang ◽  
Silvia Kyungjin Lho ◽  
Sun-Young Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
First Episode

Abstract Background Prognostic heterogeneity in early psychosis patients yields significant difficulties in determining the degree and duration of early intervention; this heterogeneity highlights the need for prognostic biomarkers. Although mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely studied across early phases of psychotic disorders, its potential as a common prognostic biomarker in early periods, such as clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and first-episode psychosis (FEP), has not been fully studied. Methods A total of 104 FEP patients, 102 CHR individuals, and 107 healthy controls (HCs) participated in baseline MMN recording. Clinical outcomes were assessed; 17 FEP patients were treatment resistant, 73 FEP patients were nonresistant, 56 CHR individuals were nonremitters (15 transitioned to a psychotic disorder), and 22 CHR subjects were remitters. Baseline MMN amplitudes were compared across clinical outcome groups and tested for utility prognostic biomarkers using binary logistic regression. Results MMN amplitudes were greatest in HCs, intermediate in CHR subjects, and smallest in FEP patients. In the clinical outcome groups, MMN amplitudes were reduced from the baseline in both FEP and CHR patients with poor prognostic trajectories. Reduced baseline MMN amplitudes were a significant predictor of later treatment resistance in FEP patients [Exp(β) = 2.100, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.104–3.993, p = 0.024] and nonremission in CHR individuals [Exp(β) = 1.898, 95% CI 1.065–3.374, p = 0.030]. Conclusions These findings suggest that MMN could be used as a common prognostic biomarker across early psychosis periods, which will aid clinical decisions for early intervention.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers and incident heart failure in older men: the role of NT-proBNP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas GJ McKechnie ◽  
A Olia Papacosta ◽  
Lucy T Lennon ◽  
Paul Welsh ◽  
Peter H Whincup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Incident Heart Failure ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: To determine the relationship between baseline inflammation (CRP and IL-6) with natriuretic peptide (NP) activity (measured by NT-proBNP) and incident heart failure (HF) in older men. Methods & results: In the British Regional Heart Study, 3569 men without prevalent myocardial infarction or HF were followed for mean 16.3 years; 327 developed HF. Baseline CRP and IL-6 were significantly and positively associated with NT-proBNP. Those in the highest CRP & IL-6 quartiles had elevated risk of HF after age and BMI adjustment (HR = 1.42 [1.01,1.98] and 1.71 [1.24,2.37] respectively), which markedly attenuated after NT-proBNP adjustment (HR = 1.15 [0.81,1.63] and 1.25 [0.89,1.75] respectively). Conclusion: NP activity is associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers and may explain the link between inflammation and incident HF.

The role of hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers on sleep and appetite in drug free patients with major depression: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarita Caroleo ◽  
Elvira Anna Carbone ◽  
Amedeo Primerano ◽  
Daniela Foti ◽  
Antonio Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Drug Free

scholarly journals Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Sepsis

Angiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cappelletti ◽  
Costantino Ciallella ◽  
Mariarosaria Aromatario ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Sian Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medial Aspect

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is characterized by a systolic dysfunction localized in the apical and medial aspect of the left ventricle. It is usually related to physical or emotional stress. Recent evidence highlighting the role of infection led us to analyze the links between TTC and sepsis. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess any trends in clinical findings, diagnosis, and outcomes in such patients. We identified 23 selected papers reporting a total of 26 patients, having sepsis, in whom TTC occurred. For each case, we collected data identifying population characteristics, source of sepsis, clinical disease description, and the results of cardiovascular investigations. The majority of patients were females (n = 16), mean age was 62.8 (14.0 standard deviation) years, and clinical outcome was favorable in 92.3% of the cases once the management of sepsis was initiated. A better understanding of the mechanisms of sepsis-associated TTC may generate novel strategies to treat the complications of this cardiomyopathy and may even help predict and prevent its occurrence.

Evaluation and Medical Management of the Pediatric Patient With Orbital Cellulitis/Abscess: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol October 2021 - Online First ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina G Burek ◽  
Svetlana Melamed ◽  
Tracey Liljestrom ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Teresa G Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Orbital Cellulitis ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Cochrane Central Register

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric orbital cellulitis/abscess (OCA) can lead to vision loss, intracranial extension of infection, or cavernous thrombosis if not treated promptly. No widely recognized guidelines exist for the medical management of OCA. The objective of this review was to summarize existing evidence regarding the role of inflammatory markers in distinguishing disease severity and need for surgery; the role of imaging in OCA evaluation; and the microbiology of OCA over the past 2 decades. METHODS: This review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), most recently on February 9, 2021. RESULTS: A total of 63 studies were included. Most were descriptive and assessed to have poor quality with high risk of bias. The existing publications evaluating inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of OCA have inconsistent results. Computed tomography imaging remains the modality of choice for evaluating orbital infection. The most common organisms recovered from intraoperative cultures are Streptococcus species (Streptococcus anginosus group, group A Streptococcus, and pneumococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S aureus in culture-positive cases had a median prevalence of 3% (interquartile range, 0%-13%). CONCLUSION: This systematic review summarizes existing literature concerning inflammatory markers, imaging, and microbiology for OCA evaluation and management. High-quality evidence is still needed to define the optimal medical management of OCA.

scholarly journals Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazen Alnefeesi ◽  
Ashley Siegel ◽  
Leanna M. W. Lui ◽  
Kayla M. Teopiz ◽  
Roger C. M. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Attention Impairment

The prevalence and etiology of COVID-19's impact on brain health and cognitive function is poorly characterized. With mounting reports of delirium, systemic inflammation, and evidence of neurotropism, a statement on cognitive impairment among COVID-19 cases is needed. A substantial literature has demonstrated that inflammation can severely disrupt brain function, suggesting an immune response, a cytokine storm, as a possible cause of neurocognitive impairments. In this light, the aim of the present study was to summarize the available knowledge of the impact of COVID-19 on cognition (i.e., herein, we broadly define cognition reflecting the reporting on this topic in the literature) during the acute and recovery phases of the disease, in hospitalized patients and outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 status. A systematic review of the literature identified six studies which document the prevalence of cognitive impairment, and one which quantifies deficits after recovery. Pooling the samples of the included studies (total sample n = 644) at three standards of quality produced conservative estimates of cognitive impairment ranging from 43.0 to 66.8% prevalence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients only, as no studies which report on outpatients met criteria for inclusion in the main synthesis. The most common impairment reported was delirium and frequent reports of elevated inflammatory markers suggest etiology. Other studies have demonstrated that the disease involves marked increases in IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β; cytokines known to have a profound impact on working memory and attention. Impairment of these cognitive functions is a characteristic aspect of delirium, which suggests these cytokines as key mediators in the etiology of COVID-19 induced cognitive impairments. Researchers are encouraged to assay inflammatory markers to determine the potential role of inflammation in mediating the disturbance of cognitive function in individuals affected by COVID-19.

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