scholarly journals Disrupted Regional Homogeneity in Major Depressive Disorder With Gastrointestinal Symptoms at Rest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqi Yan ◽  
Jindong Chen ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Huabing Li ◽  
Renzhi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
The Right

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are prominent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies have reported brain structural and functional changes in both MDD and digestive system diseases but it remains unclear whether MDD patients with GI symptoms have brain imaging changes.Methods: We recruited 35 MDD patients with GI symptoms, 17 MDD patients without GI symptoms and 28 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. All participants were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Imaging data were analyzed with regional homogeneity (ReHo).Results: The GI group showed higher total HRSD-17 scores, anxiety/somatization, weight loss, and sleep disturbance scores compared to the non-GI group. We found increased ReHo in the right inferior parietal gyrus (IPL), bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral cerebellum Crus II, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral superior medial frontal cortex (SMFC) and decreased ReHo in the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral cuneus, and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG) in patients with GI symptoms relative to the HCs. The GI group showed higher ReHo values in the bilateral precuneus than the non-GI group.Conclusion: MDD patients with GI symptoms showed a greater severity of symptoms than MDD patients without GI symptoms, particularly in terms of anxiety/somatization, weight loss, and sleep disturbances. Increased activity in the default-mode network might be associated with GI symptoms in MDD patients.

scholarly journals Is there any difference in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between first episode major depressive disorder patients and subclinical depressive subjects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xie ◽  
Xiuhang Ruan ◽  
Guoqing Zhang ◽  
Yuting Li ◽  
E Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background To explore the differences in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) at the whole-brain level between young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and those with Subclinical depression (SD). Methods Thirty-nine first-episode MDD patients, 30 SD subjects, and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI) scans on a 3T MR scanner. We used the fALFF to explore spontaneous neuronal activity between groups. Results Significant differences in the fALFF were observed among the three groups. Compared with the HCs, an increased fALFF was found in the left cerebellum in MDD patients. When MDD patients were compared with SD subjects, we observed increased fALFF values in the bilateral fusiform gyrus and decreased fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left cuneus and right precuneus. Compared with the HCs, the SD group demonstrated increased fALFF values in the precuneus. Additionally, a positive correlated was revealed between the fALFF values and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)score in the right fusiform gyrus in MDD patients. Moreover, the fALFF value were negatively correlated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score in the right inferior frontal gyrus and with the age in the left fusiform gyrus in SD subjects. Conclusions Our findings suggest that alterations of cognitive and executive networks, default mode networks and visual recognition circuits may contribute to the different neural mechanisms between MDD and SD in young adult subjects.

scholarly journals Changes in Regional Homogeneity of Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder Patients With Different Onset Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Zhang ◽  
Yayun Chen ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Yajing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

Background: Neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) may differ depending on onset ages. Our aim was to determine whether regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in early-onset depression (EOD) and late-onset depression (LOD) are different, which could also delineate EOD and LOD.Methods: Ninety-one MDD patients and 115 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. The ReHo comparison was conducted using analysis of variance.Results: Compared with HCs, MDD patients showed decreased ReHo in the left precentral gyrus and the left middle cingulum area, and increased ReHo in the left middle orbital frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Compared with LOD patients, young HC separately, EOD patients had significantly increased ReHo in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus and the left postcentral gyrus. However, compared with young HC, EOD patients showed decreased ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus/supplementary motor area and the right medial frontal gyrus. ReHo in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus was negatively correlated with the severity of cognitive disturbance in LOD patients (r = −0.47, p = 0.002), but not in EOD patients (r = 0.21, p = 0.178).Conclusion: MDD patients with different onset ages may have different pathophysiological mechanisms; the EOD patients had more abnormal ReHo than LOD patients in the prefrontal lobe, especially the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus.

scholarly journals Disrupted Regional Homogeneity in Melancholic and Non-melancholic Major Depressive Disorder at Rest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqi Yan ◽  
Yuqiong He ◽  
Xilong Cui ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Huabing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Background: Melancholic depression has been viewed as one severe subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear whether melancholic depression has distinct changes in brain imaging. We aimed to explore specific or distinctive alterations in melancholic MDD and whether the alterations could be used to separate melancholic MDD from non-melancholic MDD or healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one outpatients with melancholic MDD and thirty-three outpatients with non-melancholic MDD and thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Imaging data were analyzed with the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and support vector machine (SVM) methods.Results: Melancholic MDD patients exhibited lower ReHo in the right superior occipital gyrus/middle occipital gyrus than non-melancholic MDD patients and healthy controls. Merely for non-melancholic MDD patients, decreased ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the total HRSD-17 scores. SVM analysis results showed that a combination of abnormal ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus/cerebellum Crus I and the right superior occipital gyrus/middle occipital gyrus exhibited the highest accuracy of 83.05% (49/59), with a sensitivity of 90.32% (28/31), and a specificity of 75.00% (21/28) for discriminating patients with melancholic MDD from patients with non-melancholic MDD. And a combination of abnormal ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus/cerebellum VI and left postcentral gyrus/precentral gyrus exhibited the highest accuracy of 98.41% (62/63), with a sensitivity of 96.77% (30/31), and a specificity of 100.00%(32/32) for separating patients with melancholic MDD from healthy controls.Conclusion: Our findings showed the distinctive ReHo pattern in patients with melancholic MDD and found brain area that may be associated with the pathophysiology of non-melancholic MDD. Potential imaging markers for discriminating melancholic MDD from non-melancholic MDD or healthy controls were reported.

scholarly journals Primary functional brain connections associated with melancholic major depressive disorder and modulation by antidepressants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naho Ichikawa ◽  
Giuseppe Lisi ◽  
Noriaki Yahata ◽  
Go Okada ◽  
Masahiro Takamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Limited Efficacy

Abstract The limited efficacy of available antidepressant therapies may be due to how they affect the underlying brain network. The purpose of this study was to develop a melancholic MDD biomarker to identify critically important functional connections (FCs), and explore their association to treatments. Resting state fMRI data of 130 individuals (65 melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, 65 healthy controls) were included to build a melancholic MDD classifier, and 10 FCs were selected by our sparse machine learning algorithm. This biomarker generalized to a drug-free independent cohort of melancholic MDD, and did not generalize to other MDD subtypes or other psychiatric disorders. Moreover, we found that antidepressants had a heterogeneous effect on the identified FCs of 25 melancholic MDDs. In particular, it did impact the FC between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, ranked as the second ‘most important’ FC based on the biomarker weights, whilst other eight FCs were normalized. Given that left DLPFC has been proposed as an explicit target of depression treatments, this suggest that the limited efficacy of antidepressants might be compensated by combining therapies with targeted treatment as an optimized approach in the future.

Weight loss, cortisol levels, and dexamethasone suppression in major depressive disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Casper ◽  
A.C. Swann ◽  
P.E. Stokes ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
M.M. Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

scholarly journals Efficacy of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of major depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cronquist Christensen ◽  
Ioana Florea ◽  
Annika Lindsten ◽  
David S Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Efficacy has been proven for vortioxetine in short-term and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), with broad beneficial effects on emotional, physical and cognitive symptoms. Limited specific data on the effects of vortioxetine on depression-related physical symptoms have been published. Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out of five short-term multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. These studies were conducted in a total of 2105 adult MDD outpatients (18–75 years) with a major depressive episode of ⩾3 months’ duration. Only patients treated with a dose of 5 or 10 mg vortioxetine (therapeutic doses) or placebo were included in this analysis. Efficacy assessment of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of depression included all items of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) assessing physical symptoms, and all somatic items in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). A subgroup analysis in MDD patients with coexisting anxiety symptoms (i.e. those with a HAM-A ⩾20 at baseline) was also performed. Results: A significant improvement ( p<0.05) of vortioxetine versus placebo was observed on all HAM-D items measuring physical symptoms, except for the somatic gastrointestinal symptoms and loss of weight items. Significant effects were also observed on the HAM-A somatic items: general somatic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and autonomic symptoms. In patients with a high baseline level of anxiety, a significant effect of vortioxetine was also observed on the physical symptoms of depression. Conclusions: These analyses indicate that patients with MDD, including those with a high level of anxiety symptoms, have significant improvements in MDD-associated physical symptoms when treated with vortioxetine.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder: A A-[11C]MT Pet Imaging Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Frey ◽  
I. Skelin ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Nishikawa ◽  
M. Diksic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women

Objective:Women are at higher risk than men to develop major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms underlying the higher risk for MDD in women are unknown. There is a wealth of data showing gender differences in brain morphology and function. In addition, preclinical studies have demonstrated reciprocal relationships between ovarian hormones and serotonin neurotransmission. Thus, gender differences in brain serotonin neurotransmission are potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we compared normalized α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan brain trapping constant (α-[11C]MTrp K*; ml/g/min), an index of serotonin synthesis, between men and women with MDD.Method:α-[11C]MTrp K* was measured in 25 medication-free individuals with MDD (13 females and 12 males) using positron emission tomography. Comparisons of normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* values between men and women were conducted at the voxel level using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2) analysis.Results:Women with MDD displayed significantly higher (p< 0.005) normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* than men in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus and superior parietal lobule, and occipital lingual gyrus.Conclusions:This finding suggests that depressive women have higher serotonin synthesis in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system involved with mood regulation. Gender differences in brain serotonin synthesis may be associated with higher risk for MDD in women because extra levels of tissue 5-HT could create non-physiological connections influencing changes in mood.

scholarly journals Abnormal Default-Mode Network Homogeneity in Melancholic and Nonmelancholic Major Depressive Disorder at Rest

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Meiqi Yan ◽  
Xilong Cui ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Huabing Li ◽  
Renzhi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Inferior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Background. Melancholic depression has been assumed as a severe type of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to explore if there were some distinctive alterations in melancholic MDD and whether the alterations could be used to discriminate the melancholic MDD and nonmelancholic MDD. Methods. Thirty-one outpatients with melancholic MDD, thirty-three outpatients with nonmelancholic MDD, and thirty-two age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Imaging data were analyzed with the network homogeneity (NH) and support vector machine (SVM) methods. Results. Both patient groups exhibited increased NH in the right PCC/precuneus and right angular gyrus and decreased NH in the right middle temporal gyrus compared with healthy controls. Compared with nonmelancholic patients and healthy controls, melancholic patients exhibited significantly increased NH in the bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus and decreased NH in the left inferior temporal gyrus. But merely for melancholic patients, the NH of the right middle temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with TEPS total and contextual anticipatory scores. SVM analysis showed that a combination of NH values in the left superior medial frontal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus could distinguish melancholic patients from nonmelancholic patients with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 79.66% (47/59), 70.97% (22/31), and 89.29%(25/28), respectively. Conclusion. Our findings showed distinctive network homogeneity alterations in melancholic MDD which may be potential imaging markers to distinguish melancholic MDD and nonmelancholic MDD.

scholarly journals Mapping the Presence of Anxiety Symptoms in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfen Ge ◽  
Jingwen Jiang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Mentong Wan ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
R Package ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Falling Asleep

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often present with co-occurring anxiety symptoms. The network method provides a novel view on understanding the co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, the purpose of our study was to explore it by applying network analysis methods.Methods: We used electronic medical records from West China Hospital in China. In total, 3,424 patients who met the criteria for MDD were included. R-studio 3.6 was used to estimate the network structure. First, we estimated the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms using the graphic LASSO algorithm. Then, we estimated the centrality indices of nodes to determine which symptoms are more central in the network. We then estimated the bridge centrality indices using the bridge function via the R package networktools.Results: Some strong connections were found like “easy to wake up,” “wake up early,” and “difficulty falling asleep,” “suicidal thoughts,” and “hopelessness.” “Depressed mood,” “somatic anxiety,” “hopelessness,” “anxiety mood,” and “tension” have the higher centrality indices. Results revealed eight bridge symptoms (e.g., concentration/memory difficulty, gastrointestinal symptoms) in the co-occurrence network structure.Conclusions: This research suggests that the described approach in mapping the presence of anxiety symptoms in individuals with major depression might potentially increase diagnostic precision and help choose more targeted interventions and potentially reduce the occurrence of treatment resistance.

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