scholarly journals High Trait Attention Promotes Resilience and Reduces Binge Drinking Among College Students With a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Elton ◽  
J. Hunter Allen ◽  
Mya Yorke ◽  
Farhan Khan ◽  
Qiaosen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scale Scores

Binge patterns of alcohol use among post-high school emerging adults are associated with both immediate negative consequences and increased risk of long-term drinking problems, particularly among individuals with a family history (FH) of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, the developmental time period of emerging adulthood, paired with the high-risk environment of college campuses, represents an important target for interventions. Attentional ability has recently emerged as a mediator of resilience to stress-related psychopathology and offers a potential neurocognitive target for interventions. We tested the hypothesis that attentional ability promotes resilience to binge drinking in a sample of 464 college students with (n = 221) or without (n = 243) familial risk for AUD. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) tested effects of FH and self-reported binge drinking on attention scores from the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). In addition, mediation analyses tested whether BIS attention scores mediated the relationship between Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale scores and binge drinking. ANCOVA results indicated a significant FH-by-binge drinking interaction (p = 0.008) in which FH positive subjects who did not binge drink had the fewest attention problems, consistent with a marker of resilience. Furthermore, BIS attention scores significantly mediated the effect of Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale scores on binge drinking, with stronger effects in FH positive subjects (p < 0.001) than FH negative subjects (p = 0.49). The findings suggest that attention promotes resilience to binge drinking in individuals with familial risk for AUD. Interventions targeting attentional ability in this high-risk population, particularly FH positive individuals with attention deficits, may serve to reduce binge drinking and its consequences.

scholarly journals The role of pubertal timing in the link between family history of alcohol use disorder and late adolescent substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 107955
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Weigard ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
Mary M. Heitzeg ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
History Of

Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110250
Author(s):  
Mallory E. Stephenson ◽  
Sara Larsson Lönn ◽  
Jessica E. Salvatore ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shared Genetic

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, transition and cortical gyrification: a high-risk study

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Neilson ◽  
C. Bois ◽  
T.-K. Clarke ◽  
L. Hall ◽  
E. C. Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Heritable Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, linked to several structural abnormalities of the brain. More specifically, previous findings have suggested that increased gyrification in frontal and temporal regions are implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.MethodsThe current study included participants at high familial risk of schizophrenia who remained well (n= 31), who developed sub-diagnostic symptoms (n= 28) and who developed schizophrenia (n= 9) as well as healthy controls (HC) (n= 16). We first tested whether individuals at high familial risk of schizophrenia carried an increased burden of trait-associated alleles using polygenic risk score analysis. We then assessed the extent to which polygenic risk was associated with gyral folding in the frontal and temporal lobes.ResultsWe found that individuals at high familial risk of schizophrenia who developed schizophrenia carried a significantly greater burden of risk-conferring variants for the disorder compared to those at high risk (HR) who developed sub-diagnostic symptoms or remained well and HC. Furthermore, within the HR cohort, there was a significant and positive association between schizophrenia polygenic risk score and bilateral frontal gyrification.ConclusionsThese results suggest that polygenic risk for schizophrenia impacts upon early neurodevelopment to confer greater gyral folding in adulthood and an increased risk of developing the disorder.

Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder and Individuals at High Risk

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gianna Spitta ◽  
Tobias Gleich ◽  
Kristin Zacharias ◽  
Oisin Butler ◽  
Ralph Buchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been demonstrated in recent clinical studies and meta-analyses. However, only a limited number of studies investigated extrastriatal D2/3 availability in AUD or in at-risk populations. In line with a dimensional understanding of addiction, extrastriatal dopaminergic neuroadaptations have been suggested to be relevant from a pathobiological perspective. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We investigated D2/3 receptor availability via <sup>18</sup>F-fallypride positron emission tomography applying a region of interest (ROI) approach. We selected ROIs for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our sample included 19 healthy controls (low risk [LR]), 19 individuals at high risk (HR) to develop addiction, and 20 recently detoxified AUD patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found significantly higher D2/3 receptor availability of HR compared to AUD in the left and right rostral ACC (rACC), as well as in the left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). We did not observe a significant difference between AUD and LR. After corrections for multiple comparisons none of the ROIs reached significance throughout the group comparison. The D2/3 receptor availability in the left rACC was inversely correlated with symptom severity assessed with the Alcohol Dependency Scale. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> To our knowledge, the present work is the first study investigating extrastriatal D2/3 receptor availabilities in individuals at HR and patients with AUD. The observation that D2/3 receptor availabilities are highest in HR might suggest that their pathobiology differs from subjects with AUD. Future studies are necessary to clarify the intraindividual course of this biomarker over different disease stages and its possible role as a risk or protective factor.

An adolescent with binge drinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Eun Kyung Ellen Kim ◽  
David L. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Medication ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs in approximately 5% of adolescents. The diagnosis of AUD requires the presence of at least two signs or symptoms of problematic alcohol use. Adolescent AUD differs from adult AUD in several ways. Adolescents are more likely to engage in binge drinking rather than daily drinking. They are also less likely to experience tolerance or withdrawal and are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors related to substance use. All adolescents should be screened for alcohol and other substance use. A motivational interviewing approach should be used. Treatment includes individual and family therapy; parent involvement is an essential component of treatment. Medication options include naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram.

scholarly journals Toward the prevention of alcohol use disorders: Overdrinking (unintentional binge drinking) in a community sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510291879270 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Michler Bishop ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriquez Orjuela
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past

Approximately 64,000,000 people in the United States report binge drinking at least once in the past month. Unlike overeating and oversleeping, “overdrinking”—defined as drinking more than a person intends to drink—does not exist in the literature. Terms such as binge and problem drinking do not consider the intent of the drinker. The results of this pilot study suggest that most people drink more than they intend to drink. Moreover, they also report often being surprised that they overdrank. Smartphones may help overdrinkers be less often surprised by overdrinking and may prevent drinkers from developing an alcohol use disorder.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document