scholarly journals Application of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6) to Public Workers for Measuring Their Anxiety Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hyung Keun Park ◽  
Gawon Ju ◽  
Kikyoung Yi ◽  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Anxiety Response ◽  
Public Workers

Objective: This study aimed to compare the adaptability of the adapted version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) for public workers and the SAVE-6 scale and to validate them among public workers who are on the frontline of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Methods: A total of 300 public workers responded to the anonymous online survey during April 1–12, 2021. Principal component analysis was conducted with varimax rotation to explore the factor structure of this scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to explore construct validity. Spearman correlation analysis of the scale with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was performed to explore the convergent validity. The cut-off score in accordance with the mild degree of generalized anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score of 5) was defined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Findings: The single-structure model of each scale (the adapted version of SAVE-9 and SAVE-6) was adopted based on the results of the parallel analysis. Because SAVE-6 showed good construct validity, but the adapted version of SAVE-9 did not, we adopted to apply the SAVE-6 scale to assess the anxiety response of public workers in response to the viral epidemic. SAVE-6 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.817; McDonald's Omega = 0.818) and good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.417, p < 0.001) and PHQ-9 (rho = 0.317, p < 0.001) scale scores. The appropriate cut-off score for SAVE-6 was determined to be ≥ 16.Conclusion: The SAVE-6 scale, as compared to the public workers' version of SAVE-9, is a reliable and valid rating scale to assess the work-related stress and anxiety of public workers due to the viral epidemic.

scholarly journals Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 for Medical Students: Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Measure for the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junseok Ahn ◽  
Jukab Lee ◽  
Youjin Hong ◽  
Jangho Park ◽  
Seockhoon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Anxiety Response ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and validity of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) among medical students who are at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. A total of 212 medical students participated in the online anonymous survey that used SAVE-6, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items (GAD-7), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). We observed that the single-factor structure model of the SAVE-6 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.756) and a good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.320, p < 0.001), CAS (rho = 0.229, p < 0.001), and WSAS (rho = 0.278, p < 0.001). The appropriate cut-off score of the SAVE-6 scale was determined as 15 points in accordance with at least a mild degree of generalized anxiety (GAD-7 score of 5) among medical students. In conclusion, the SAVE-6 scale can be applied to medical students as a reliable and valid rating scale to assess anxiety response to the present viral pandemic.

scholarly journals The Schoolteachers' Version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Yoo ◽  
Jihoon Lee ◽  
Gawon Ju ◽  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Random Eigenvalues ◽  
Related Stress

This study aimed to validate the schoolteachers' version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale. This scale assessed the work-related stress and anxiety response of schoolteachers to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 400 schoolteachers participated in an online survey between March 4 and 15, 2021. The survey questionnaire included the schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) scales. A scree test and parallel analysis suggested a single-factor structure model for the schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9 scale (real-data eigenvalue = 68.89, 95th percentile of the random eigenvalues = 27.56). The SAVE-9 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.853) and good convergent validity with GAD-7 (rho = 0.545, p < 0.001) and PHQ-9 (rho = 0.434, p < 0.001) scale scores. This, schoolteachers' version of the SAVE-9 scale is a reliable and valid rating scale that can be applied to teachers in a pandemic situation.

scholarly journals How to Evaluate Digital Leadership: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Claassen ◽  
Dominique Rodil Dos Anjos ◽  
Jan Kettschau ◽  
Horst Christoph Broding
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Leadership Competence ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Background: With the increasing digitalization of the working environment, the demands on managers are changing fundamentally to the point of an emerging field of research in digital leadership. Municipal administrations are particularly affected by the digital transformation processes. Therefore, a score to measure the construct of digital leadership competence in the context of virtual-based workstation was developed and tested.Methods: Based of an online survey with n = 546 employees at virtual-based workstations in municipal administrations in 2020, the instrument is tested regarding selectivity (coefficients), dimensionality (principal component analysis), homogeneity (inter-product-moment correlations), reliability (Cronbach's α) and construct validity (correlation with general leadership skills).Results: The instrument can be considered selective, one-dimensional, homogeneous, reliable and constructively valid in the sense of the formulated hypotheses. By integrating the employees‘ perspective, the instrument aims to be one of the first of its kind to initiate a scientific further discourse. Among other things, the categorization of the co-determination component as either traditional or digital leadership can be discussed.Conclusions: The developed instrument for measuring digital leadership performs well concerning the aspects of discriminatory power, one-dimensionality, homogeneity, reliability as well as construct validity. It aims to induce further research and a scientific discourse on the topic of health-oriented leadership within the world of work 4.0.

scholarly journals The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6): A new instrument for assessing anxiety response to viral epidemics in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seockhoon Chung ◽  
Myung Hee Ahn ◽  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Solbi Kang ◽  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Anxiety Response

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have reported experiencing anxiety in response to the viral epidemic. This study aimed to explore the validity and usefulness of the Stress and Anxiety to the Viral Epidemic-6 items (SAVE-6) scale for measuring the anxiety response to the viral epidemic of the general population. A total of 1,009 respondents participated in an online survey, and 501 (49.7%) participants were rated as having at least a mild degree of anxiety response to the viral epidemic (SAVE-6 score ≥ 15), whereas 90 (8.9%) and 91 (9.0%) were rated as having depression and anxiety, respectively. The SAVE-6 scales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .82). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure for the measure. Goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df ratio = 19.1, CFI = .92; TLI = .86; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = .13) were adequate. The SAVE-6 was found to be a reliable, valid, and useful brief measure that can be applied to the general population. The SAVE-6 may be useful for easily assessing the anxiety symptoms during the pandemic in the general population.

scholarly journals The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6) Scale: A New Instrument for Assessing the Anxiety Response of General Population to the Viral Epidemic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seockhoon Chung ◽  
Myung Hee Ahn ◽  
Sangha Lee ◽  
Solbi Kang ◽  
Sooyeon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Anxiety Response

The general population has reported experiencing anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the validity and utility of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) scale for measuring the anxiety response of the general population to the viral epidemic. About 1,009 respondents participated in an online survey. Of these, 501 (49.7%) participants were rated as having at least a mild degree of anxiety response to the viral epidemic (SAVE-6 score ≥ 15), while 90 (8.9%) and 69 (6.8%) participants were rated as having moderate degree of depression and anxiety, respectively. The SAVE-6 scale showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.815). Parallel analysis suggested a one-factor structure for the measure. The SAVE-6 scale was found to be a reliable, valid, and useful brief measure that can be applied to the general population.

Construct Validity of the Modified Numeric Rating Scale of Patient Global Assessment in Psoriatic Arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING-YING LEUNG ◽  
KWOK-WAH HO ◽  
TRACY-YANNER ZHU ◽  
LAI-SHAN TAM ◽  
EMILY WAILIN KUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating

Objective.The construct validity of the patient global health assessment (PGA) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has not been analyzed, despite its common use. We evaluated the construct validity of a numeric rating scale (NRS) of the PGA in PsA.Methods.Patients with PsA who fulfilled the ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria were recruited at a tertiary referral center. Demographic data were collected and PGA data were determined from administration of an 11-point NRS (0 to 10 points representing best to worst status). Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated by correlation between PGA and clinical variables. Patients were grouped as having severe disease based on Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28) > 5.1, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) > 1.0, walking with aids, and social welfare-dependent. Patients were grouped as being in remission by DAS28 < 2.6 and the Minimal Disease Activity Criteria. Known-group validity of PGA was evaluated.Results.A total of 125 patients (52% men) were studied. Convergent validity revealed strong correlations of PGA with pain score, HAQ, and DAS28; and weak correlations with skin severity score, physician’s global assessment and morning stiffness. In multivariate analysis, PGA was associated with pain, physical function, mental function, and skin severity score. PGA distinguished different levels of severity well, as determined by comparison with different known groups with large effect sizes.Conclusion.Judged on an NRS, the PGA had good construct validity and satisfactorily distinguished all levels of severity in PsA.

scholarly journals Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in School Principals: Impacts of Gender, Well-Being, and Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Tuyen Van Duong ◽  
Cheng-Yu Lin ◽  
Sheng-Chih Chen ◽  
Yung-Kai Huang ◽  
Orkan Okan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Purposes: To explore the associated factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and examine psychometric properties of the coronavirus-related health literacy questionnaire (HLS-COVID-Q22) and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy questionnaire. Methods: An online survey was conducted from 23 June to 16 July 2021 on 387 school principals across Taiwan. Data collection included socio-demographic characteristics, information related to work, physical and mental health, COVID-19 related perceptions, sense of coherence, coronavirus-related health literacy, and vaccine hesitancy. Principal component analysis, correlation analysis, linear regression models were used for validating HLS-COVID-Q22, Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, and examining the associations. Results: HLS-COVID-Q22 and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy were found with satisfactory construct validity (items loaded on one component with factor loading values range 0.57 to 0.81, and 0.51 to 0.78), satisfactory convergent validity (item-scale correlations range 0.60 to 0.79, and 0.65 to 0.74), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96 and 0.90), and without floor or ceiling effects (percentages of possibly lowest score and highest score <15%), respectively. Low scores of vaccine hesitancy were found in male principals (regression coefficient, B, −0.69; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, −1.29, −0.10; p = 0.023), principals with better well-being (B, −0.25; 95%CI, −0.47, −0.03; p = 0.029), and higher HLS-COVID-Q22 (B, −1.22; 95%CI, −1.89, −0.54; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HLS-COVID-Q22 and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy were valid and reliable tools. Male principals and those with better well-being, and higher health literacy had a lower level of vaccine hesitancy. Improving principals’ health literacy and well-being is suggested to be a strategic approach to increase vaccine acceptance for themselves, their staff, and students.

scholarly journals How to evaluate digital leadership: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Claassen ◽  
Dominique Rodil dos Anjos ◽  
Jan Kettschau ◽  
Horst Christoph Broding
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Leadership Competence ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Background With the increasing digitalization of the working environment, the demands on managers are changing fundamentally to the point of an emerging field of research in digital leadership. Municipal administrations are particularly affected by the digital transformation processes. Therefore, a score to measure the construct of digital leadership competence in the context of virtual-based workstation was developed and tested. Methods Based on an online survey with n = 546 employees at virtual-based workstations in municipal administrations in 2020, the instrument is tested regarding selectivity (coefficients), dimensionality (principal component analysis), homogeneity (inter-product-moment correlations), reliability (Cronbach’s α) and construct validity (correlation with general leadership skills). Results The instrument can be considered selective, one-dimensional, homogeneous, reliable and constructively valid in the sense of the formulated hypotheses. By integrating the employees’ perspective, the instrument aims to be one of the first of its kind to initiate a scientific further discourse. Among other things, the categorization of the co-determination component as either traditional or digital leadership can be discussed. Conclusions The developed instrument for measuring digital leadership performs well concerning the aspects of discriminatory power, one-dimensionality, homogeneity, reliability as well as construct validity. It aims to induce further research and a scientific discourse on the topic of health-oriented leadership within the world of work 4.0.

scholarly journals Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale for assessing work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers in response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seockhoon Chung ◽  
Hwa Jung Kim ◽  
Myung Hee Ahn ◽  
Sungook Yeo ◽  
Joohee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Related Stress

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had psychological impacts on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess healthcare workers’ work-related stress and anxiety in response to viral epidemics. This study developed a new rating scale, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9), and validated it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea. A total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20-30, 2020. Internal consistency of the SAVE-9 was measured through Cronbach’s alpha, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine its component structure. It was also compared with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales. Its most appropriate cut-off point was determined by conducting receiver operating characteristic analysis. The nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: (1) anxiety about viral epidemics and (2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics (Bartlett’s test of sphericity, p &lt; 0.001; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin=0.85). Correlations between SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant. The cut-off points of the SAVE-9 and its anxiety subcategory were 22 and 15, respectively, compared with a GAD-7 score of 5. The results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.

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