scholarly journals Estimates of Prevalence Rates of Cancer Patients With Children and Well-Being in Affected Children: A Systematic Review on Population-Based Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Inhestern ◽  
Johanna Christine Bultmann ◽  
Lene Marie Johannsen ◽  
Volker Beierlein ◽  
Birgit Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parental Cancer ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Sample Structure ◽  
Psychosocial Situation

This review assessed population-based estimate rates of cancer patients with minor and young adult children (≤ 25 years), children and young adults having a parent with cancer as well as the psychosocial situation and well-being of children and young adults affected by parental cancer. Eighteen publications on population-based studies were included. Studies varied in the age ranges of both cancer patients and children. The prevalence rates of cancer patients having children ranged from 14 to 24.7% depending on the sample structure (e.g., age, gender). Studies reported that between 1.6 and 8.4% of children resp. young adult children have a parent with a history of cancer. Seven publications reported on the psychosocial situation or well-being in children and young adults affected by parental cancer. Estimate rates of psychosocial problems, psychiatric diagnoses or distress ranged between 2.5 and 34% of children depending on the method of measurement and outcome. The differences in the sample structure between the studies impeded the comparison of prevalence rates. However, the findings help to determine the need for specific support services and health care planning. The results emphazise the importance to routinely include issues on the parental role of patients and questions on the well-being and coping of children into psychooncological care. If necessary, support should be provided to families living with a cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals A vulnerable age group: the impact of cancer on the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. E. van Erp ◽  
H. Maurice-Stam ◽  
L. C. M. Kremer ◽  
W. J. E. Tissing ◽  
H. J. H. van der Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to increase our understanding of the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCS) as well as the positive and negative impacts of cancer. Methods YACCS (aged 18–30, diagnosed ≤ 18, time since diagnosis ≥ 5 years) cross-sectionally filled out the “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adults” (PedsQL-YA), “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS), and “Checklist Individual Strengths” (CIS-20R) to measure fatigue and survivor-specific “Impact of Cancer - Childhood Survivors” (IOC-CS), which measures the long-term impact of childhood cancer in several domains. Descriptive statistics (IOC-CS), logistic regression (HADS, CIS-20R), and ANOVA (PedsQL-YA, HADS, CIS-20R) were performed. Associations between positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer and psychosocial outcomes were examined with linear regression analyses. Results YACCS (N = 151, 61.6% female, mean age 24.1 ± 3.6, mean time since diagnosis 13.6 ± 3.8) reported lower HRQOL (− .4 ≤ d ≤ − .5, p ≤ .001) and more anxiety (d = .4, p ≤ .001), depression (d = .4, p ≤ .01), and fatigue (.3 ≤ d ≤ .5, p ≤ .001) than young adults from the general Dutch population. They were at an increased risk of experiencing (sub)clinical anxiety (OR = 1.8, p = .017). YACCS reported more impact on scales representing a positive rather than negative impact of CC. Various domains of impact of childhood cancer were related to psychosocial outcomes, especially “Life Challenges” (HRQOL β = − .18, anxiety β = .36, depression β = .29) and “Body & Health” (HRQOL β = .27, anxiety β = − .25, depression β = − .26, fatigue β = − .47). Conclusion YACCS are vulnerable to psychosocial difficulties, but they also experience positive long-term impacts of childhood cancer. Positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer were associated with psychosocial outcomes in YACCS. Screening of psychosocial outcomes and offering targeted interventions are necessary to optimize psychosocial long-term follow-up care for YACCS.

High-Resolution CT of the Chest in Children and Young Adults Who Were Born Prematurely: Findings in a Population-Based Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stein Magnus Aukland ◽  
Thomas Halvorsen ◽  
Kari Røine Fosse ◽  
Anne Kjersti Daltveit ◽  
Karen Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Fröschen und Gurken

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Julia Boog-Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adult Literature ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Sexual Liberation ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Kaum eine Zeit steht so sehr für die sexuelle Befreiung und Sprengung familialer Strukturen wie die 1968er (vgl. Herzog 2005). Kaum ein Märchen steht in der psychoanalytischen Deutung so sehr für den sexuellen Reifungsprozess und das Unabhängigwerden eines Kindes wie Der Froschkönig. Der vorliegende Artikel greift diese Verbindung auf, da gerade während der 68er-Bewegung verschiedene Wasser- und Amphibienfiguren in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur (KJL) vorkommen, die stark an die Motive des Märchens erinnern. Frogs and CucumbersTransformed Men in Children’s and Young Adult Literature Since 1968 In psychoanalysis, the fairy tale The Frog Prince has attracted much interest as a narrative of sexual liberation. Placing this motif at the heart of Nöstlinger’s and Pressler’s ›antiauthoritarian classics,‹ this article puts forward a new reading of literature for children and young adults. Through the ambiguity of the frog figure – oscillating between nature and culture, consciousness and unconsciousness – these books chronicle, in their own manner, the social transformation associated with 1968. They portray the emancipation movement as a hurtful and paradoxical process instead of one that reproduces the myth of linear progress.

scholarly journals Endocrine Deficiency As a Function of Radiation Dose to the Hypothalamus and Pituitary in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Brain Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (28) ◽  
pp. 2854-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Vatner ◽  
Andrzej Niemierko ◽  
Madhusmita Misra ◽  
Elizabeth A. Weyman ◽  
Claire P. Goebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Purpose There are sparse data defining the dose response of radiation therapy (RT) to the hypothalamus and pituitary in pediatric and young adult patients with brain tumors. We examined the correlation between RT dose to these structures and development of endocrine dysfunction in this population. Materials and Methods Dosimetric and clinical data were collected from children and young adults (< 26 years of age) with brain tumors treated with proton RT on three prospective studies (2003 to 2016). Deficiencies of growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadotropins were determined clinically and serologically. Incidence of deficiency was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate models were constructed accounting for radiation dose and age. Results Of 222 patients in the study, 189 were evaluable by actuarial analysis, with a median follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 0.1 to 13.3 years), with 31 patients (14%) excluded from actuarial analysis for having baseline hormone deficiency and two patients (0.9%) because of lack of follow-up. One hundred thirty patients (68.8%) with medulloblastoma were treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and boost; most of the remaining patients (n = 56) received involved field RT, most commonly for ependymoma (13.8%; n = 26) and low-grade glioma (7.4%; n = 14). The 4-year actuarial rate of any hormone deficiency, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadotropin deficiencies were 48.8%, 37.4%, 20.5%, 6.9%, and 4.1%, respectively. Age at start of RT, time interval since treatment, and median dose to the combined hypothalamus and pituitary were correlated with increased incidence of deficiency. Conclusion Median hypothalamic and pituitary radiation dose, younger age, and longer follow-up time were associated with increased rates of endocrinopathy in children and young adults treated with radiotherapy for brain tumors.

The Koori Growing Old Well Study: investigating aging and dementia in urban Aboriginal Australians

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Radford ◽  
Holly A. Mack ◽  
Hamish Robertson ◽  
Brian Draper ◽  
Simon Chalkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
South Wales

ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia is an emerging health priority in Australian Aboriginal communities, but substantial gaps remain in our understanding of this issue, particularly for the large urban section of the population. In remote Aboriginal communities, high prevalence rates of dementia at relatively young ages have been reported. The current study is investigating aging, cognitive decline, and dementia in older urban/regional Aboriginal Australians.Methods:We partnered with five Aboriginal communities across the eastern Australian state of New South Wales, to undertake a census of all Aboriginal men and women aged 60 years and over residing in these communities. This was followed by a survey of the health, well-being, and life history of all consenting participants. Participants were also screened using three cognitive instruments. Those scoring below designated cut-offs, and a 20% random sample of those scoring above (i.e. “normal” range), completed a contact person interview (with a nominated family member) and medical assessment (blind to initial screening results), which formed the basis of “gold standard” clinical consensus determinations of cognitive impairment and dementia.Conclusion:This paper details our protocol for a population-based study in collaboration with local Aboriginal community organizations. The study will provide the first available prevalence rates for dementia and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of urban Aboriginal people, across city and rural communities, where the majority of Aboriginal Australians live. It will also contribute to improved assessment of dementia and cognitive impairment and to the understanding of social determinants of successful aging, of international significance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Amiodarone on Thyroid Function in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5540-5546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Barrett ◽  
Colin P Hawkes ◽  
Amber Isaza ◽  
Andrew J Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Abstract Context Amiodarone is used in patients with arrhythmias, but thyroid dysfunction [amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) or amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH)] is a common adverse effect. As the onset of AIT and AIH has not been studied in children, the timing of dysfunction and long-term monitoring are not known in this population. Objective To describe the incidence and timing of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents, with a secondary aim to identify risk factors for amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction, and to identify variance in thyroid hormone surveillance and treatment. Design Retrospective review of thyroid dysfunction in children and young adults treated with amiodarone between 2007 and 2018. Setting Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Patients Children and young adults treated with amiodarone. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. Results Of 484 patients, 190 had thyroid-function testing; 17.3% were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism, and 13.7% testing developed hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 2.1%. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, 63% returned to normal thyroid function without thyroid hormone replacement. Only 26% of patients with hypothyroidism had spontaneous normalization of thyroid function. Twenty-five percent of AIT patients had spontaneous normalization of thyroid function. Conclusions This study looks at a pediatric and young-adult population in an effort to describe the natural history of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. Based on our data, we recommend that a complete thyroid-function panel be obtained within the first week and then at weekly intervals for the first 5 weeks after initiation. The majority of thyroid dysfunction was noted within the first 35 days of treatment.

Contemporary Werewolf Schemata: Shifting Representations of Racial and Ethnic Difference

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Twilight Series

Because of the current fantasy trend to represent lycanthropy as a genetically inherited or inborn feature, with werewolves frequently belonging to werewolf families and/or packs, many contemporary narratives for children and young adults encourage readings of lycanthropy as a metaphor for racial or ethnic difference. Diverse representations of lycanthropy, from monstrous and sympathetic werewolves to benevolent and idealised werewolves, non-essentialist werewolves, and incommensurable werewolves thus suggest shifting conceptions of race and ethnicity. The divergent ideological implications of these distinctive werewolf schemata are analysed in a variety of contemporary children's and young adult fantasy texts, including Maggie Pearson's Owl Light ( 1996 ), Annette Curtis Klause's Blood and Chocolate ( 1997 ), Patrick Jennings's The Wolving Time ( 2003 ), J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series (1997–2007), and Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series (2005–8).

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