scholarly journals Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Ifteni ◽  
Paula-Simina Petric ◽  
Andreea Teodorescu
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Coefficient Of Skewness ◽  
Smirnov Test

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity. Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with ROLIN for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 126 patients (56%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI (score between 25 and 35). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for checking the normal distribution of values (95% CI for the mean = 9.5781 to 20.4219; 95% CI for the median = 6.5920 to 24.8161; SD = 9.7907; Coefficient of Skewness = 0.0743; Coefficient of Kurtosis = −1.1377).Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index: A Clinician Rated Instrument for Improving Treatment in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Ifteni ◽  
Andreea Teodorescu
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Oral Antipsychotic ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity.Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Schizophrenia long-acting injectable antipsychotic initiation index (SLAII), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with SLAII for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 144 patients (64%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI and 76 (34%) had moderate indication. 203 patients (90.2 %) had more than 2 relapses. The results of our research showed that 177 patients (78.7%) received at discharge an oral antipsychotic that also had a long-acting formula.Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.

Antipsychotic injectable treatment in patients with involuntary ambulatory treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1230-1230
Author(s):  
L. Borreda Belda ◽  
L. Borreda ◽  
R. Maravall ◽  
J.F. Perez ◽  
M. Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Ambulatory Treatment ◽  
Injectable Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients

IntroductionInvoluntary Ambulatory Treatment (IAT) is a judicial measure existing in Spain. Its aim is to ensure the adherence to treatment of seriously ill patients, with poor insight and repeated hospitalization. This is done by means of the regular and involuntary administration of antipsychotic intramuscular medication.ObjectivesTo assess the treatment used in patients undergoing IAT in a local clinic, to assess the type of medicaments and their dosage and to verify adherence to treatment and evolution.Material and methodA revision was made of the clinical backgrounds of all the patients of a psychiatric outpatient clinic who have been submitted to IAT (n = 37). A note was made of socio-demographic variables as well as psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and the number of hospitalizations and treatments used.ResultsAll but one patient had been hospitalized and average of 3.53 times before IAT. Since undergoing IAT only 6 patients have been admitted (16%). Four of them relapsed having abandoned treatment.In seven cases (19%) the patients gained insight and the antipsychotic treatment was changed from injectable to oral treatment at the patients’ request. In these cases IAT was ceased.The antipsychotic prescribed in 59% of the cases was Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone. This percentage was higher in non- schizophrenic patients (84%).ConclusionsIn our environment IAT could be an effective tool for severe patients with nil insight, since it can bring about an improvement in treatment adherence and evolution, as well as insight.

scholarly journals A Cautionary Note on the Use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test for Normality

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag J. Steinskog ◽  
Dag B. Tjøstheim ◽  
Nils G. Kvamstø
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Power Comparison ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Sample Problem ◽  
Tests For Normality ◽  
Test For Normality ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract The Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit test is used in many applications for testing normality in climate research. This note shows that the test usually leads to systematic and drastic errors. When the mean and the standard deviation are estimated, it is much too conservative in the sense that its p values are strongly biased upward. One may think that this is a small sample problem, but it is not. There is a correction of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test by Lilliefors, which is in fact sometimes confused with the original Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Both the Jarque–Bera and the Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality are good alternatives to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A power comparison of eight different tests has been undertaken, favoring the Jarque–Bera and the Shapiro–Wilk tests. The Jarque–Bera and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests are also applied to a monthly mean dataset of geopotential height at 500 hPa. The two tests give very different results and illustrate the danger of using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

scholarly journals Photoanthropometry in forensics: Comparison of facial images with frontal and lateral views

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e27610514795
Author(s):  
Tainá Nascimento Falcão ◽  
Yanka Barbosa Alves ◽  
Lidiane Gonçalves do Nascimento ◽  
Rachel Lima Ribeiro Tinoco ◽  
Laíse Nascimento Correia Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Smirnov Test

Photoanthropometry quantify the facial proportions of an individual facilitating the comparison of facial patterns for human identification. The coordinates and vertical distances in pixels of the photoanthropometric landmarks on images of the same individual in frontal and profile views were analyzed and compared. A total of 116 pairs of photographs of Brazilian individuals were evaluated. The photographs were adjusted in size and rotation, and marked in the software Two-dimensional Forensic Facial Analysis System. For each face, 16 landmarks were considered: glabella (g), nasion (n), ectocanthion (ec), pronasale (prn), subnasale (sn), alare (al), cheilion (ch), upper lip (ls), lower lip (li), stomion (sto), labiomental (lm), gnathion (gn), superaurale (sa), subaurale (sba), postaurale (pa) and upper ear lobe (slb); the x- and y-coordinates of each landmark were obtained. Twenty-seven vertical distances between the points were proposed, which were measured by subtracting the values of the y-coordinate. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Mann-Whitney test (α=5%). The mean age of the sample was 25.9 years (± 4.7), and 50.9% (n=59) were males. When the coordinates were evaluated, a low correlation was obtained between the images (ICC<0.4). Of the 27 proposed measures, 77.7% (n=21) indicated agreement between the images in the two views (p>0.05). A comparison of ls-g, sa-ec, pa-ec, slb-ec, sba-sa and slb-sa showed disagreement between the images. Therefore, there is agreement between the facial measures in the frontal and lateral images, except for ls-g and for the distances between the ear landmarks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of patients admitted with musculoskeletal tuberculosis: sixteen years’ experience from single center in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikail Ozdemir ◽  
Hanife Gulnihal Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Single Center ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spinal Damage ◽  
Local Examination

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to elaborate musculoskeletal system TB (tuberculosis) as a single-center experience. Methods This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a TB Dispensary in the east Mediterranean part of Turkey between 2004 and 2020. The clinical and demographic characteristics including age, gender, involvement location and duration of illness, presenting complaint, local examination findings, treatment outcome were retrieved and analyzed from the case files. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics version 17.0 (IBM). The normality of data analysed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The descriptive statistics were reported as mean ± standard deviation, medians, and ranges (min-max). Results Overall, 31 patients (3.2%) (14 males, 17 females) with a mean age of 44.2 ± 16.7 years had musculoskeletal tuberculosis. The mean duration of disease was 12.9 ± 5.5 months. Of the 31 patients, six (19.4%) had concomitant pulmonary TB. One of the patients (3.2%) was in paediatrics age group, and two of them (6.4%) were in geriatric group. The most affected area was the vertebra. The most common complaint of the patients was back pain and seen in 22 patients (70.9%). Conclusions The physicians should be suspicious about the diagnosis of musculoskeletal TB infection. If the diagnosis and treatment is delayed, spinal damage and other consequences might be incurable.

scholarly journals The Effect of  Long-acting Antipsychotic Treatment on the Level on Care Burden in Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELİF ÖZCAN TOZOĞLU ◽  
Gökhan Özpolat
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Burden Scale ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background: Most patients with schizophrenia are unable to fulfill their personal and social responsibilities and these are met by their caregivers. The concept of 'burden' has come to the fore for caregivers. Long-acting injectables have been shown to reduce relapse rates, and provide a better level of functionality, but their effect on caregiver burden has not been investigated. Objective: Our aim in this study is to investigate the effect of transition from oral to long-acting antipsychotic treatments on caregiver burden. Other factors that may be related to the burden were also discussed.Setting: This study was performed at Community Mental Health Center of Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital.Methods: Caregivers (n:138) of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least one year and who received oral paliperidone or aripiprazole were evaluated at baseline and 1 year after switching to long-acting injectables.Main outcome measure: The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and the Clinical Global Impression-Disease Severity (CGI-S) were administered. Demographic characteristics of caregivers and patients were evaluated.Results: Significant decreases were found in the ZCBS and CGI-S scores after transitioning to long-acting injectable antipsychotics (p <0.001). Caregiver burden was positively correlated with patient's age, CGI-S score, time spent in the same house, duration of illness, and the number of hospitalizations. A significant negative correlation was found among the caregiver’s age, educational level, and income (p <0.05).Conclusion: In the present study, the importance of switching to long-acting injectable antipsychotics, which is a modifiable factor, to reduce caregiver burden was emphasized

scholarly journals Level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector in Taro village before and after counseling

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 086-091
Author(s):  
Nofita Fachryandini ◽  
Shabrina Nur Imanina ◽  
Ayurveda Zaynabila Heriqbaldi ◽  
Widati Fatmaningrum
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smirnov Test

Introduction: Taro village has a higher risk of gathering the people since it is one of the most popular tourism sectors in Bali hence increasing the potential to spread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The level of knowledge plays an important role in determining whether the society is ready to implement the health protocols or not. This community service aims to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector in the Taro village. Method: This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design in Taro village, Bali. Respondents filled out the questionnaire before and after counseling. The questionnaire consisted of 10 items of knowledge. The participants were Taro’s residents who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 31 respondents were taken. The data were tested for normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analyzed with paired T-test using the IBM SPSS statistics version 25. Significance was determined at a 5% level (P-value ≤0.05). Results: A total of 31 valid filled-questionnaires were collected. In general, Taro’s residents’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 health protocol in the tourism sector was sufficient, but some topics are still insufficient. The mean score before counseling was 79,03 ± 1,340 while the mean score after counseling was 86,13 ± 1,366. There was a significant difference (p<0,05) on level of knowledge (p=0,000) before and after counseling. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge of Taro village’s residents toward COVID-19 health protocols in the tourism sector before and after counseling.

scholarly journals Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver D. Howes ◽  
Francis Vergunst ◽  
Siobhan Gee ◽  
Philip McGuire ◽  
Shitij Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Prior Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

BackgroundClozapine is the only antipsychotic drug licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but its use is often delayed. Since previous studies, national guidelines on the use of clozapine and other antipsychotics have been disseminated to clinicians.AimsTo determine the theoretical delay to clozapine initiation and to quantify the prior use of antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotic treatment.MethodClinico-demographic data were extracted from the treatment records of all patients commencing clozapine in our centre between 2006 and 2010.ResultsComplete records were available for 149 patients. The mean theoretical delay in initiating clozapine was 47.7 months (s.d. = 49.7). Before commencing clozapine, antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose treatment was evident in 36.2 and 34.2% of patients respectively. Theoretical delay was related to illness duration (β = 0.7, P<0.001) but did not differ by gender or ethnicity.ConclusionsSubstantial delays to clozapine initiation remain and antipsychotic polypharmacy and high doses are commonly used prior to clozapine, despite treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Rola aktywności zewnętrznej w rozwoju krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Czepita ◽  
Leszek Kuprjanowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
Artur Mojsa ◽  
Ewa Majdanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Smirnov Test

Introduction: The aim of our study was to examine whether outdoor activity influences the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren.Materials and methods: 5601 Polish students of elementary and secondary schools (2688 boys and 2913 girls), 6–18 years of age (mean 11.9 ±3.2 years) were examined. In every student cycloplegia after 1% tropicamide was performed. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated after examination of both eyes. Time spent on outdoor activity was evaluated based on a questionnaire. The obtained results were typed into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically using Statistica 10 software. Non-parametric tests were used due to the SE distribution being significantly different from normal distribution in the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rs) was used to evaluate the strength of the correlation between these variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: It has been established that with the increase in time spent on outdoor activity, the spherical equivalent of the examined students significantly increases, but the correlation is very weak (Rs = +0.036, p = 0.007).Conclusion: Outdoor activity slightly reduces the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren.

Do I need treatment? Insight and therapy adherence in a group of patients in treatment with aripiprazole long acting injectable

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S537-S537
Author(s):  
S. Berta ◽  
C. Víctor ◽  
T. Ivan ◽  
M. Julia ◽  
O. Silvia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

IntroductionRelapse prevention is one of the major goals in psychiatry because it will mark the prognosis and quality of life in patients. In this aspect, plays a very important role insight and adherence to treatment. Some studies show that long acting injectable treatments improve adherence as compared with oral medications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse the degree of insight and adherence to treatment of a group of patients with aripiprazole long acting injectable ALAI treatment.MethodologyDescriptive study in a group of patients treated with ALAI. Three months of follow-up. To assess the insight we had use the 3 first items of the Unawareness of Mental Disorder SUMD. Adherence to treatment is evaluated by monitoring if patients come to administrate ALAI.Resultsn = 6, 2 women (33.3%) and 4 men (66.7%). The mean age of the sample was 37 years. Diagnoses were 4 patients with psychotic disorder (66.7%;) 2 with bipolar disorder (33.3%). At the SUMD, mean score for the items consciousness of having a disorder and awareness of the effects of medication was 3, and for the item awareness of the social consequences of mental disorder 4. The mean score for the total punctuation was 10. Five (83.3%) had a 100% of adherence, just 1 patient discontinued de treatment on the third month.ConclusionsOn our sample adherence, it was almost complete in all patients. To highlight the scores for SUMD which means low insight. A large sample is required to increase the reliability of the study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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