scholarly journals Needs for a Curricular Change in Primary and Secondary Education From the One Health Perspective: A Pilot Study on Pneumonia in Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Marchant ◽  
María Pilar Sánchez ◽  
Ximena G. Duprat ◽  
Alejandro Mena ◽  
Marcela Sjöberg-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
One Health ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Science School ◽  
Sub Saharan

This is the first pilot study on alternative conceptions and obstacles pertaining to pneumonia in adolescents of different school vulnerability indexes. Countries with low socioeconomic levels are disproportionately affected, with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) being the second-most affected area in the world, after sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of this fact, pneumonia is not included as an important component within the contents of the microbiology curriculum unit in the natural science school program. Therefore, we wanted to study how students knew about this topic by putting One Health into action by building and validating qualitative and quantitative questionnaires, put together by different experts in pedagogy, didactics, microbiology, and veterinary to find out what students knew about pneumonia and their misconceptions about it. A total of 148 students (in 8th and 9th grade) participated in this survey. The results reveal that no statistically significant differences between the different scholar grades (p = 0.3360 Pearson chi∧2) or genders (p = 0.8000 Fisher's exact test) presented higher or lower School Vulnerability Index (SVI). Regardless of the social stratum or the level of vulnerability of the students, they have heard about this disease primarily through their family/relatives, maintaining a superficial notion of the disease, learning wrong ideas about microorganisms and treatments that can contribute to the risk to public health.

scholarly journals A One-Health approach to prioritizing zoonotic diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
R. Gharpure ◽  
E. Pieracci ◽  
S.J. Salyer ◽  
R. Wallace ◽  
E. Belay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Modelling social vulnerability in sub-Saharan West Africa using a geographical information system

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Lawal ◽  
Samuel B. Arokoyu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Sub Saharan

In recent times, disasters and risk management have gained significant attention, especially with increasing awareness of the risks and increasing impact of natural and other hazards especially in the developing world. Vulnerability, the potential for loss of life or property from disaster, has biophysical or social dimensions. Social vulnerability relates to societal attributes which has negative impacts on disaster outcomes. This study sought to develop a spatially explicit index of social vulnerability, thus addressing the dearth of research in this area in sub-Saharan Africa. Nineteen variables were identified covering various aspects. Descriptive analysis of these variables revealed high heterogeneity across the South West region of Nigeria for both the state and the local government areas (LGAs). Feature identification using correlation analysis identified six important variables. Factor analysis identified two dimensions, namely accessibility and socioeconomic conditions, from this subset. A social vulnerability index (SoVI) showed that Ondo and Ekiti have more vulnerable LGAs than other states in the region. About 50% of the LGAs in Osun and Ogun have a relatively low social vulnerability. Distribution of the SoVI shows that there are great differences within states as well as across regions. Scores of population density, disability and poverty have a high margin of error in relation to mean state scores. The study showed that with a geographical information system there are opportunities to model social vulnerability and monitor its evolution and dynamics across the continent.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acceptability of financial incentives and peer-led life skills training for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV in Rwanda: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Osman ◽  
Simon Pierre Niyonsenga ◽  
Manasi Sharma ◽  
Rebecca Hope ◽  
Shannon Milroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Life Skills Training ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the leading cause of death among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the long-term benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), adherence remains low among adolescents due to challenges related to cost, acquisition, and treatment regimen. Sub-optimal adherence to ART is associated with the development of viral resistance, treatment failure, and increased morbidity and mortality. Financial incentives and life skills training interventions have shown early promise in motivating protective behaviors, however, gaps still remain around effective and innovative ways to motivate adolescents to stay in HIV care. In partnership with youth, we developed an intervention to address their social and financial pressures in order to promote adherence. Methods A human-centered design approach was utilized to engage adolescents in the initial design of the intervention. Through random sampling, 72 adolescents ages 12–19 were then recruited from two clinics in Rwanda for the pilot study. Adolescents participated in three monthly peer-led life skills trainings at clinics and received financial incentives via mobile money upon clinic attendance and demonstration of suppressed viral load. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with adolescents, healthcare workers, and caregivers to understand their experiences with the intervention. Results Participants responded favorably to the intervention because of the psychosocial, financial, and health benefits it provided. Caregivers felt that adolescents’ moods, attitudes, and overall well-being improved over time. Adolescents used funds to purchase school supplies and save for investments, thus mitigating their financial burdens. Additionally, we learned that logistical challenges such as SIM card registration and mobile phone access must be considered for scale-up of the intervention. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first intervention designed in partnership with youth in sub-Saharan Africa aimed at removing financial barriers to ART adherence. The findings suggest that involving youth in the design of programs, providing them with financial incentives, and training them to use and invest their money wisely has a positive effect on them and their families. Thus, to improve adherence to ART and retention in care among HIV-positive youth, it is critical to address their socioeconomic and psychosocial needs.

Hospital Management Practices and Availability of Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pilot Study of Three Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2520-2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Funk ◽  
Dante M. Conley ◽  
William R. Berry ◽  
Atul A. Gawande
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants Influencing Crop Drought Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Kamali ◽  
Karim C. Abbaspour ◽  
Bernhard Wehrli ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Drought events have significant impacts on agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as agricultural production in most of the countries relies on precipitation. Socio-economic factors have a tremendous influence on whether a farmer or a nation can adapt to these climate stressors. This study aims to examine the extent to which these factors affect maize vulnerability to drought in SSA. To differentiate sensitive regions from resilient ones, we defined a crop drought vulnerability index (CDVI) calculated by comparing recorded yield with expected yield simulated by the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model during 1990–2012. We then assessed the relationship between CDVI and potential socio-economic variables using regression techniques and identified the influencing variables. The results show that the level of fertilizer use is a highly influential factor on vulnerability. Additionally, countries with higher food production index and better infrastructure are more resilient to drought. The role of the government effectiveness variable was less apparent across the SSA countries due to being generally stationary. Improving adaptations to drought through investing in infrastructure, improving fertilizer distribution, and fostering economic development would contribute to drought resilience.

Headache burden in a HIV population of sub-Saharan Africa: scope and implications from a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S2) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
Luca Giani ◽  
Monica Mwazangati ◽  
Derya Uluduz ◽  
Tayyar Şaşmaz ◽  
Maureen Kamponda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S. Ngo ◽  
Michael Gatari ◽  
Beizhan Yan ◽  
Steven N. Chillrud ◽  
Kheira Bouhamam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: a pilot study in Cameroon

BMC Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette D Kanmogne ◽  
Callixte T Kuate ◽  
Lucette A Cysique ◽  
Julius Y Fonsah ◽  
Sabine Eta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

scholarly journals Hypertension Education Intervention with Ugandan Nurses Working in Hospital Outpatient Clinic: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Katende ◽  
Sara Groves ◽  
Kathleen Becker
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global burden in both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that, by 2025, 41.7% of males and 38.7% of females in Sub-Saharan Africa will develop high blood pressure (HBP). This is particularly true in Uganda with hypertensive prevalence rates estimated to range from 22.5% to 30.5%. Coupled with low levels of detection, treatment, and control, hypertension represents a Ugandan public health crisis. An innovative WHO-ISH education program culturally was adapted in a pilot study and focused on knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) of nurses caring for hypertensive patients in an outpatient clinic. Pre-post intervention data was collected and analyzed in which significant improvements were noted on all the three outcome measures. This pilot study demonstrated that nurses’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes could be significantly improved with a multimodal education program implemented in a low resource environment.

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