scholarly journals Hypertension Education Intervention with Ugandan Nurses Working in Hospital Outpatient Clinic: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Katende ◽  
Sara Groves ◽  
Kathleen Becker
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global burden in both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that, by 2025, 41.7% of males and 38.7% of females in Sub-Saharan Africa will develop high blood pressure (HBP). This is particularly true in Uganda with hypertensive prevalence rates estimated to range from 22.5% to 30.5%. Coupled with low levels of detection, treatment, and control, hypertension represents a Ugandan public health crisis. An innovative WHO-ISH education program culturally was adapted in a pilot study and focused on knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) of nurses caring for hypertensive patients in an outpatient clinic. Pre-post intervention data was collected and analyzed in which significant improvements were noted on all the three outcome measures. This pilot study demonstrated that nurses’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes could be significantly improved with a multimodal education program implemented in a low resource environment.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarettes for Curbing the Tobacco-Induced Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases: Evidence Revisited with Emphasis on Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobert Richie N. Nansseu ◽  
Jean Joel R. Bigna
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Second Hand Smoking ◽  
And Control

Introduction. This review examines whether electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) implementation or vulgarization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) could be helpful in curtailing the toll of tobacco smoking in the region. Discussion. There are about 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, with nearly 80% of them living in developing countries where the burden of tobacco-related illnesses and deaths is the heaviest. Studies report that e-cigs may facilitate smoking cessation, reduction, or abstinence and may pose only a small fraction of the risks of traditional tobacco cigarettes; e-cigs may also considerably reduce second-hand smoking. Thereby, implementation of e-cig use could help to substantially reduce the burden driven by tobacco smoking in SSA, in a particular context of lack of regulations and control policies towards this threat. However, the evidence is not clear on whether e-cigs are risk-free, especially if used in the long term. Conclusions. On the whole, if e-cigs were to be introduced in SSA, they should be strictly recommended to current and/or ex-smokers as a method to quit smoking or prevent relapse and never-smokers should be strongly encouraged to avoid using these devices. Bans on sales of e-cigs to youngsters should be legislated, e-cig advertisements prohibited, and their usage continuously controlled and monitored.

scholarly journals Pandemics and Burden of Stroke and Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experience from a Longstanding Health Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2766
Author(s):  
Massimo Leone ◽  
Fausto Ciccacci ◽  
Stefano Orlando ◽  
Sandro Petrolati ◽  
Giovanni Guidotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Programme ◽  
Excess Deaths ◽  
Hiv Aids

Eighty percent of people with stroke live in low- to middle-income nations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where stroke has increased by more than 100% in the last decades. More than one-third of all epilepsy−related deaths occur in SSA. HIV infection is a risk factor for neurological disorders, including stroke and epilepsy. The vast majority of the 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS are in SSA, and the burden of neurological disorders in SSA parallels that of HIV/AIDS. Local healthcare systems are weak. Many standalone HIV health centres have become a platform with combined treatment for both HIV and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), as advised by the United Nations. The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming the fragile health systems in SSA, and it is feared it will provoke an upsurge of excess deaths due to the disruption of care for chronic diseases such as HIV, TB, hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disorders. Disease Relief through Excellent and Advanced Means (DREAM) is a health programme active since 2002 to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS and related disorders in 10 SSA countries. DREAM is scaling up management of NCDs, including neurologic disorders such as stroke and epilepsy. We described challenges and solutions to address disruption and excess deaths from these diseases during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals An afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Leask ◽  
Kenneth P. Pettey ◽  
Gareth F. Bath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Control

Heartwater is a serious limiting factor for sheep and goat production in the major endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa and therefore most knowledge, research and control methods originate from this region. Whilst the usual or common clinical presentations can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of heartwater with a good measure of confidence, this is not always the case, and animals suffering from heartwater may be misdiagnosed because their cases do not conform to the expected syndrome, signs and lesions. One aberrant form found occasionally in the Channel Island breeds of cattle and some goats is an afebrile heartwaterlike syndrome. The most constant and characteristic features of this heartwater-like syndrome comprise normal temperature, clinical signs associated with generalised oedema, and nervous signs, especially hypersensitivity. The presumption that the disease under investigation is the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome entails a tentative diagnosis based on history and clinical signs and the response to presumed appropriate treatment (metadiagnosis). The afebrile heartwater-like syndrome presents similarly to peracute heartwater but without the febrile reaction. Peracute cases of heartwater have a high mortality rate, enabling confirmation of the disease on post-mortem examination. Recognition of the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome is important to prevent deaths and identify the need for appropriate control measures.

scholarly journals Etude de l’effet rémanent de Mavi MNPV dans un champ de niébé

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2229
Author(s):  
A. Kindozandji ◽  
B.D. Datinon ◽  
K. Amevoin ◽  
A.N. Nondichao ◽  
A.I. Glitho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
And Control

Le niébé est l’une des légumineuses alimentaires la plus importante dans toutes les régions de l’Afrique Sub-saharienne. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’effet rémanent de Mavi Multinucléo polyhedrovirus (Mavi MNPV) après la récolte du niébé au champ. Le champ a été traité 5 fois au biopesticide Mavi MNPV à la fréquence de sept jours. Deux semaines après la récolte, deux plants ainsi que les graines de chaque traitement sur chaque unité parcellaire ayant reçu les traitements de Mavi MNPV de 107, 108 et 109 virions/ml ont été collectés et amenés au laboratoire avec le substrat de développement de la plante (sable). Aucune des formulations issues des substrats sable, racines, feuilles, tiges et graines n’a affecté la mortalité des larves L2 et L3 de Maruca vitrata et aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les traitements et le témoin. Quels que soient les traitements, le taux d’émergence des adultes est élevé ; ce qui signifie que la variation de la concentration de Mavi MNPV ne conditionne pas sa présence dans le sol, les tiges, les feuilles, les racines et les graines. Le biopesticide Mavi MNPV n’est pas persistant dans la nature.Mots clés : Niébé, Mavi MNPV, Maruca vitrata, Effet rémanent   English Title: Study of the residual effect of Mavi MNPV in a cowpea field Cowpea is one of the most important food legumes in all regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this research work was to study the persistence effect of Mavi Multinucleus polyhedrovirus (Mavi MNPV) after field harvest of the cowpea. The field was treated 5 times with Mavi MNPV biopesticide at seven days. Two weeks after harvest, two plants as well as the seeds from each treatment on each plot unit that received Mavi MNPV treatments of 107, 108 and 109 virions / ml were removed and brought to the laboratory with the plant development substrate (sand). None of the formulations from sand, root, leaf, stem and seed substrates did not affect the mortality of L2 and L3 larvae of Maruca vitrata and no significant difference was observed between treatments and control. Regardless of the treatments, the rate of emergence of adults is high; this means that the variation in the concentration of Mavi MNPV does not condition its presence in soil, stems, leaves, roots and seeds. Mavi MNPV biopesticide is not persistent in nature.Keywords: Cowpea, Mavi MNPV, Maruca vitrata, Residual effect.      

scholarly journals Hypertension treatment and control in sub-Saharan Africa

BMJ ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 317 (7150) ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burdon ◽  
R W Montgomery ◽  
R. Walker ◽  
N Unwin ◽  
K G M M Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

A Systems Approach for Sustainably Reducing Childhood Diarrheal Deaths in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1208-1227
Author(s):  
Monica Gray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death and is the major cause of malnutrition in children under age 5 worldwide. More than 50 percent of the cases occur in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Open defecation, substandard fecal disposal systems, and contaminated water supplies are the typical causes of diarrheal diseases. This public health crisis in low income countries mirrors the experiences of today's industrialized nations two centuries ago. The lessons learned from their sanitary evolution can be instructive in charting a sustainable path towards saving the lives of almost 2 million children annually. In this chapter a case study of Cuba's sanitary reformation is also presented to showcase successes, similar to those of developed countries, within a developing country and economically challenging context.

Susceptibility Profile of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Montclair, California, to Commonly Used Pesticides, With Note on Resistance to Pyriproxyfen

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyun Su ◽  
Jennifer Thieme ◽  
Taylor Lura ◽  
Min-Lee Cheng ◽  
Michelle Q Brown
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control

Abstract The peridomestic anthropophilic Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is originated from the wild zoophilic subspecies Aedes aegypti formosus in sub-Saharan Africa, and currently has a broad distribution in human-modified environments of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. In California, breeding populations were initially detected in 2013 in the cities of Fresno, Madera, and San Mateo, and now can be found in 188 cities of 12 counties in the state. Recent genetic studies suggest that this species invaded California on multiple occasions from several regions of the United States and northern Mexico prior to initial detection. As an invasive species and vector for numerous arboviruses, Ae. aegypti is a primary target of surveillance and control in California. In southern California city of Montclair, a population was identified in September 2015, from which a short-term colony was established in an insectary. The susceptibility of this field population to commonly used pesticides with various modes of action, including 15 formulations against larvae and four against adults, was determined, in reference to a susceptible laboratory colony of the same species. No resistance was shown to most pesticides tested. However, tolerance or reduced susceptibility to spinosad, spinetoram, diflubezuron, and fipronil was detected, and modest levels of resistance to pyriproxyfen (resistance ratio = 38.7-fold at IE50 and 81.5-fold at IE90) was observed. Results are discussed based on the field usage and modes of action of the pesticides tested. Strategic selection and application of pesticides against this population of Ae. aegypti in the urban environments should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

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