Impact of Air Pollution on Residents' Medical Expenses: A Study Based on the Survey Data of 122 Cities in China

Background: With the development of the social economy, air pollution has resulted in increased social costs. Medical costs and health issues due to air pollution are important aspects of environmental governance in various countries.Methods: This study uses daily air pollution monitoring data from 122 cities in China to empirically investigate the impact of air pollution on residents' medical expenses using the Heckman two-stage and instrumental variable methods, matching data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey.Results: The study found that poor air quality, measured by the air quality index (AQI), significantly increased the probability of chronic lung disease, heart disease, and self-rated poor health. Additionally, the AQI (with an effect of 4.51%) significantly impacted health-seeking behavior and medical expenses. The medical expenditure effects of mild, moderate, severe, and serious pollution days were 3.27, 7.21, 8.62, and 42.66%, respectively.Conclusion: In the long run, residents' health in areas with a higher air pollution index, indicating poor air quality, is negatively impacted. The more extreme the pollution, the higher the probability of residents' medical treatment and the subsequent increase in medical expenses. Group and regional heterogeneity also play a role in the impact of air pollution on medical expenses. Compared with the existing literature, this study is based on individuals aged 15 years and above and produces reliable research conclusions.

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COVID-19 and Air Pollution: Measuring Pandemic Impact to Air Quality in Five European Countries

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Akvilė Feiferytė Skirienė ◽

Žaneta Stasiškienė

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Social Services ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Air Quality Improvement ◽

Environment Agency ◽

Pollution Emissions ◽

Air Pollution Emissions

The rapid spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affected the economy, trade, transport, health care, social services, and other sectors. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, most countries imposed national lockdowns and social distancing policies. This led to reduced industrial, commercial, and human activities, followed by lower air pollution emissions, which caused air quality improvement. Air pollution monitoring data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) datasets were used to investigate how lockdown policies affected air quality changes in the period before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, comparing to the same periods in 2018 and 2019, along with an assessment of the Index of Production variation impact to air pollution changes during the pandemic in 2020. Analysis results show that industrial and mobility activities were lower in the period of the lockdown along with the reduced selected pollutant NO2, PM2.5, PM10 emissions by approximately 20–40% in 2020.

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A review on Assessment of Air Pollution due to Vehicular Emission in Traffic Area

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ◽

10.14741/ijcet/v.8.2.27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Aneri A. Desai

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Vehicular Emission ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring

In Indian metropolitan cities, the extensive growth of the motor vehicles has resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality and human health. The concentrations of pollutants at major traffic areas are exceeding the permissible limits. Public are facing severe respiratory diseases and other deadly cardio-vascular diseases In India. Immediate needs for vehicular air pollution monitoring and control strategies for urban cities are necessary. Vehicular emission is the main source of deteriorating the ambient air quality of major Indian cities due to rapid urbanization. Total vehicular population is increased to 15 Lacks as per recorded data of Regional Transport Organization (RTO) till 2014-2015. This study is focused on the assessment of major air pollution parameters responsible for the air pollution due to vehicular emission. The major air pollutants responsible for air pollution due to vehicular emissions are PM10, PM2.5, Sox, Nox, HC, CO2 and CO and Other meterological parameters like Ambient temperature, Humidity, Wind direction and Wind Speed. Sampling and analysis of parameters is carried out according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards Guidelines (NAAQS) (2009) and IS 5128.

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Application of Internet of Things (IoT) on air pollution monitoring database system

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912525005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 25005

Author(s):

Sudarsono ◽

Muhammad Andang Novianta ◽

Cyrilla Indri Parwati

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Structural Information ◽

Line Graph ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Database System ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Station ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring

In the present work, a database system of air pollution monitoring is developed using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system aims to give structural information and trace of air pollution level at particular monitoring station. The particular monitoring location (node) is connected to IoT/M2M server via GSM network using GPRS feature and display on IoT/M2M application in web form. The database on IoT/M2M contains name, description, and location of the monitoring station, Pollution index and the time when the data are taken. On IoT/M2M, the data are displayed either in a color bar graph or a line graph. The color indicated the index value of the pollution. The data can be accessed via internet on isfuonline.info. The system is tested at laboratory environment to detect CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM. The test result shows that the system is worked well. Time required to transfer the monitoring data to the IoT server is about 15 minutes. Meanwhile, response time of the system is 30 minutes.

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Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Monitoring Developments in the Municipality of Thessaloniki – Preliminary Actions from Three European Funded Projects

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.20611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgios Papastergios ◽

Paraskevi Tzoumaka ◽

Apostolos Kelessis

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Well Being ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

The City ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution has been one of the first environmental problems to be addressed by the EU and for this reason clean air is considered essential to good health. Information availability and understanding of the air quality issue is essential part of tackling it with efficiency. Having the latter in mind, the Municipality of Thessaloniki has considered relative environmental actions as an important priority and made significant efforts to include them in its short-term and long-term, already developed, strategies. Through these strategies the Municipality became partner in three important EU funded projects that are dealing with indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring actions, namely CUTLER, AIRTHINGS, and LIFE SMART IN'AIR. The successful implementation of these projects will add to the knowledge of indoor and outdoor air quality in the City of Thessaloniki, whereas, at the same time, will improve the resilience of the city and the well being of its citizens.

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IoT Based Automatic Air Pollution Monitoring and Purification System

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1378-1383

Author(s):

Manoj Gurung

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Air Purifier

Abstract: Degradation of air quality, like climate change and global warming, has become an all-encompassing existential hazard to humanity and natural life. Exposure to severely polluted air on a regular basis causes pulmonary disorders and contributes to severe allergies and asthma. According to studies, more than 10 million people die each year as a result of irregularities produced directly or indirectly by air pollution. The work of Lelieveld et al. [1] sheds light on the gravity of the problem. It is estimated that by 2050, the worldwide premature mortality from air pollution will exceed 6.6 million fatalities per year (358000 from ozone, the rest from PM 2.5) [1]. As a result, we decided to focus our study on improving indoor air quality. Despite the fact that there are numerous indoor air purifiers on the market, their cost belies their effectiveness, and the effective ones are far too expensive for working-class people to afford [2]. In order to address this issue, we created an automated Internet of Things (IoT) based air filtration system that uses an automated air purifier which is triggered when air quality falls below WHO criteria. Our initiative intends to improve indoor air quality by utilizing the most cost-effective and efficient modules available. Keywords: Indoor Air Pollution, Air Purifier, IAQ, Sharp Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, IoT, Particulate Matter (PM), HEPA Filter

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Research on an Iot Based Air Pollution Monitoring System

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.i1116.0789s219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9S2) ◽

pp. 553-558

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Life Forms ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Different Sources

Humankind, moving to a period centered upon improvement has overlooked the significance of supportability and has been the real guilty party behind the rising Pollution levels in the world's air among all other living life forms. The Pollution levels at certain spots have come to such high degrees that they have begun hurting our very own It will being. An IoT based Air Pollution observing framework incorporates a MQ Series sensor interfaced to a Node MCU outfitted with an ESP8266 WLAN connector to send the sensor perusing to a Thing Speak cloud. Further extent of this work incorporates an appropriate AI model to foresee the air Pollution level and an anticipating model, which is fundamentally a subset of prescient displaying. As age of poisonous gases from ventures, vehicles and different sources is immensely expanding step by step, it winds up hard to control the dangerous gases from dirtying the unadulterated air. In this paper a practical air Pollution observing framework is proposed. This framework can be utilized for observing Pollutions in demeanor of specific territory and to discover the air peculiarity or property examination. The obligated framework will concentrate on the checking of air poisons concentrate with the assistance of mix of Internet of things with wireless sensor systems. The investigation of air quality should be possible by figuring air quality index (AQI)

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Some benefits of improving urban air quality from the perspective of Ho Chi Minh City people

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021101005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 211 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Nguyen Tan Danh ◽

Le Minh Quang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Uv Index ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

The People ◽

Hot Weather ◽

The City

In addition to the hot weather with an extremely high UV index, the air quality in some big cities of Vietnam also alarming. Air pollution will have a large impact on urban development and, above all, people’s health. The results of air pollution monitoring over the past time in Ho Chi Minh City in some locations show that dust pollution and fine dust concentration (PM2.5) in the air of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ho Chi Minh City are still high and at an alarming level. This is a problem of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and a matter of concern in other countries, especially Asian countries. A few years ago, this issue was mentioned, but now it still causes frustration. The article discusses the factors that affect the air quality, and for that reason the people of the city in particular and this study must take this issue seriously and need to have effective measures.

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Applying Social Science to Bring Resident Stakeholders into Pollution Governance: A Rural Environmental Justice Public Health Case Study

Journal of Applied Social Science ◽

10.1177/19367244211001751 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193672442110017

Author(s):

Sherrie M. Steiner ◽

Jordan M. Marshall ◽

Atefeh Mohammadpour ◽

Aaron W. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Social Science ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

Direct Exposure ◽

Cancer Clusters ◽

Governance Process ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this engaged public sociology study was to use social science to bring resident stakeholders into the process of governing pollution production in a rural community. The community has cancer clusters. Residents have concerns about direct exposure to pollution production in their neighborhood by a steel recycling plant that has been cited numerous times for environmental violations. The facility has been under voluntary remediation since 2009, but neighborhood residents were marginalized from the governance process. This case study details how social science was used to bring neighborhood residents’ concerns about direct exposure to toxic air pollution into remediation governance. A curricula-as-research model was developed to provide an engagement framework that guided the case study as it progressed through a series of six stages over five years. The principal investigator maintained this collaboration by integrating the project into courses, securing small grants, developing an affordable air pollution monitoring method, and convening multiple community meetings. The air monitoring results are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the impact of the case study on the company, the state environmental management agency, local government, the nonprofit partner, and residents’ sense of human agency is evaluated.

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The Impact of Air Quality on Inbound Tourist Arrivals over China Based on Grey Relational Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10972

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Ziqiang Liu ◽

Yujie Zhang ◽

Elly Yaluk ◽

Li Li

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Grey Relational Analysis ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Relational Analysis ◽

Grey Relational ◽

The Impact ◽

Relational Order

Air pollution has a significant impact on tourism; however, research in this area is still limited. In this study, we applied grey relational analysis to panel data from 31 provinces in China and evaluated the relationship between air quality and inbound tourist arrivals. The study focused on provincial-level disparities for the different key air quality evaluation standards during 2009–2012 and 2013–2019. For instance, we considered PM10, SO2, NO2 and the excellent and good ratings of Air Pollution Index (API) during 2009–2012 and the additional PM2.5, CO, O3 and the excellent and good ratings of Air Quality Index (AQI) from 2013 to 2019. Results indicate that: (1) Inbound tourist arrivals are significantly and positively affected by ambient air quality, and the impact from 2013 to 2019 was greater than that from 2009 to 2012; (2) there is regional diversity in inbound tourist arrivals, and the impact of the different air quality indicators varies; (3) inbound tourists showed greater sensitivity to air pollution under the AQI standard; (4) the impact of air quality indicators on the inbound tourist arrivals shows grey relational order, and the concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 have less impact than NO2, CO and O3 on changes in tourism numbers; (5) consistency in the air quality impact on foreign tourists and compatriot tourists from HK, MO and TW varies by air quality indicators. This study highlights the need for appropriate measures to improve air quality for high-quality and sustainable development of inbound tourism.

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Development of a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer applied to the city of Oran, Algeria.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38652/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farid RAHAL ◽

Noureddine BENABADJI ◽

Mohamed BENCHERIF ◽

Mohamed Menaouer BENCHERIF

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Air Quality ◽

Electrochemical Sensor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Air Pollution Monitoring ◽

The City

Abstract In Algeria, air pollution is classified as a major risk by the law. However, this risk is underestimated because there is no operational network for measuring air quality on a continuous basis.Despite the heavy investments made to equip several cities with these measurement systems, they are out of order due to a lack of continuous financial support.The alternative to the absence of these air pollution measurement networks can come from the recent development of electrochemical sensor technologies for air quality monitoring which arouses a certain interest because of their miniaturization, low energy consumption and low cost.We developed a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer called APOMOS (Air pollution Monitoring System) based on electrochemical sensor managed by microcontroller. An application developed with the Python language makes it possible to manage process and analyze the collected data.In order to validate the APOMOS system, the recorded measurements are compared with measurements taken by a conventional analyzer.Comparison of the measurements resulting from conventional analyzer and those resulting from the APOMOS system gives a coefficient of determination of 98.39 %.Two versions of this system have been designed. A fixed version and another embedded, equipped with a GPS sensor. These 2 variants were used in the city of Oran in Algeria to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide continuously.The targeted pollutant is carbon monoxide. However, the design of the APOMOS system allows its evolution in an easy way in order to integrate other sensors concerning the various atmospheric pollutants.

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