scholarly journals Expression of Interleukin-1ß and Interleukin-8 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Carcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeaneth Lopez-Labady ◽  
Ronell Bologna-Molina ◽  
Mariana Villarroel-Dorrego
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Epithelial ◽  
Oral Lichen

Objective: To evaluate interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) epithelial expressions in potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa as malignant predictive markers.Study design: About 55 tissues embedded in paraffin, comprising 15 oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, 15 leukoplakias, 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were included in the study. IL-1ß and 8 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies antihuman IL-1ß human (sc-7884, Santa Cruz® H-153) and antihuman IL-8 (ab7747, abcam®). The number of positive cells was compared using Student's t-test. Any p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmatic keratinocyte staining were positive for both cytokines in all study groups. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed within all cases compared to normal mucosa, both staining for IL-1β and 8. Moreover, IL-8 showed significant differences between OLP and leukoplakia, and when compared to OSCC.Conclusions: Oral epithelial expression of IL-1β and 8 seems to decrease when the malignant transformation of the oral mucosa increases.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

Nuclear Blebbing Frequency in Tobacco-Induced Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roopa Yadahalli ◽  
Supriya Kheur ◽  
Aanchal Adwani ◽  
Ramesh Bhonde ◽  
A. Thirumal Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tobacco contains several genotoxic agents including N-nitrosamine which has the potential to cause significant nuclear damage. Nuclear blebbing is a form of protrusion on the nuclear membrane and could potentially be caused by tobacco-induced genotoxicity and is closely associated with malignancy. Thus, the present study aimed to assess if tobacco-associated oral potentially malignant disorders including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia have a higher nuclear blebbing frequency than patients with normal oral mucosa with no history of tobacco use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The sample consisted of patients with OSF (<i>n</i> = 30) and oral leukoplakia (<i>n</i> = 10) and normal oral mucosa (<i>n</i> = 10). Exfoliated cells collected from the study groups were smeared on a clean microscopic slide and stained by May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. A baseline frequency of nuclear blebbing was evaluated using a bright-field microscope with a ×100 objective. The number of nuclear blebbing per 1,000 epithelial cells was recorded and expressed in percentage. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyze the data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean rank of distribution of nuclear blebbing showed significant difference between all 3 groups, with the highest frequency noted in leukoplakia, followed by oral submucous and normal oral mucosa. Within OSF, the frequency of nuclear blebbing significantly increased from early stage to advanced stage. In OSF, a statistically significant positive linear correlation was noted between duration (in years), frequency (per day) of tobacco use, clinical grading, and nuclear blebbing. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> The frequency of nuclear blebbing was significantly higher in oral potentially malignant disorders than normal mucosa. Nuclear blebbing also exhibited a strong dose- and time-dependent correlation with tobacco usage and clinical staging in OSF. The nuclear blebbing frequency could be a noninvasive, economic tool to assess malignant risk in tobacco-induced oral potentially malignant disorders.

SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS TO ESTABLISH A CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP IN PROGRESSION OF ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Shefali Shefali ◽  
Saurabh Juneja ◽  
Anshi Jain ◽  
Devi Charan Shetty ◽  
Nikita Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The progression and development of OPMDs is inuenced by a multitude of factors which include complex interactions between physiological, psychological, behavioral and social factors. The persistent activation of HPA axis through tobacco usage probably impairs immune response and has a role in progression of OPMDs. The quantication of salivary cortisol facilitates the assessment of nicotine impact on the oral mucosa and in the progression of OPMDs. This study was undertaken to estimate the salivary cortisol levels in the OPMDs with and without habits thereby signifying the importance of salivary cortisol in the causation of disease or as an effective biomarker for disease progression during the pathogenetic process of the disease. Salivary cortisol levels were estimated by ELISA technique in 29 cases of differing grades of oral potentially malignant disorders consisting of individuals with habit and lesions (Group I), 32 cases of individuals having habit without lesions (Group II) and 3 cases of individuals having lesion without habit (Group III) and 8 cases with neither habit nor lesions (Group IV). Salivary cortisol levels were correlated within the different study groups and were analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Salivary cortisol levels were raised in group I as compared to all other groups. Clarity in the present study has been achieved that salivary cortisol levels can be researched to the causation of the disease as an important step forward. This study could open up newer avenues in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms in Oral Potentially malignant disorders.

scholarly journals Combination of Cytopathology and DNA Ploidy Increases the Performance of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Prediction in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 69s-69s
Author(s):  
Z.B.A. Karim ◽  
T.G. Kallarakkal ◽  
R. Amtha ◽  
M.V. Guledgud ◽  
A. Telang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Background: Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) by a pathologist is currently the key guide used for treatment planning of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Conventional oral examination (COE) clinically detects OPMDs but may not predict their risk status to transform to cancer. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable test to predict OED in OPMDs. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate COE, liquid based cytology (Cytopath) and DNA image cytometry (Ploidy) in predicting OED in OPMDs. Methods: A total of 179 patients from Malaysia, India and Indonesia underwent COE followed by brush biopsies and scalpel biopsies. Brush-biopsy samples were analyzed for cytopathology and DNA ploidy at Dental Faculty, University of Malaya. Histopathological findings of presence/absence of OED were used as the reference standard. Calculations for sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy (A) were done for individual tools and in combinations. The Youden index (Sn+Sp-1) was used as a measure of overall performance. The relevant medical ethics committees of the different research locations approved the study. Results: For COE, the sensitivity (Sn) was high (100%) and the specificity (Sp) was low (5.9%), while both Cytopath and Ploidy showed a low sensitivity (Sn) (28.6% and 22.2%) and high specificity (Sp) (94.3% and 82.3%). All 3 tools individually have high negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting presence of OED (COE-100%, Cytopath-66.7%, Ploidy-78.5%). When combining outcomes from all 3 tools, the best performance indicated by Youden index (42.1) is which defines a positive case when both COE and Cytopath show abnormal. In general, using results from at least 2 tools had better Youden indices than using these tools individually. Conclusion: COE as a screening tool by virtue of its high Sn would be a suitable first level diagnostic test, while the Cytopath and the Ploidy individually with high Sp may be used as a second level test to predict presence of OED. Combining the COE with cytopathology would be the best combination for a high performance of the tools. Cytopathology (when performed by a trained cytologist) would allow for most of the false positives from the first level test to be correctly identified as true negative at the second level. Longitudinal data are needed to assess which of these may correctly identify the malignant potential of OPMDs. Acknowledgment: Grant: High Impact Research - Ministry of Higher Education (HIR-MOHE UM000025/C3)

ASSESSMENT OF VIRULENCE FACTORS OF CANDIDIAL SPECIES AND ITS BIOTYPING IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Afreen Jan ◽  
Anshi Jain ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Devi Charan Shetty ◽  
Saurabh Juneja
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

The aim of the study was to evaluate the virulence factors of candidal species and its biotypes associated with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Materials and methods included that the present study comprised of red and white lesions (40) and normal healthy control group (5) individuals. Oral swabs were taken from representative area of the lesion to be used for both cytological, microbiological and biochemical tests. Samples were inoculated for fungal growth in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and culture-positive samples had undergone for the germ tube test, chlymadospore formation and chrome agar test. The virulence factors were conrmed by Lipolytic, proteolytic, protinease and phospholipase tests. Anova test, Kruskall Wallis test and Post Hoc test were the statistical analysis used. The result showed that in this study group no candidial growth was found in control group, study group showed positive germ tube test formation, chlymadospore formation and chrom agar test. All positive isolates produced the four virulence factors with higher levels in candida albican isolates. The hemolytic activity in leukoplakia was found to be more virulent followed by Protienase activity amongst the group and within the study groups. Phospholipase activity amongst the study groups was found more virulent in Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Lipolytic activity was found more aggressive in Denture induced stomatitis amongst all the study group. It can be concluded that in this study there is a close association of Candida species with Oral potentially malignant disorders. The correlation of virulence properties of Candida with potentially malignant disorders has led to its role in its invasive potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Proinflammatory, NF-kappaB Dependent Cytokines: IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in Tissue Specimens and Saliva of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Babiuch ◽  
Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala ◽  
Barbara Kęsek ◽  
Krzysztof Okoń ◽  
Dagmara Darczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Nf Kappab ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a life-threatening disease. It could be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It was confirmed that chronic inflammation can promote carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role in this process. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with OSCC and OPMDs. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in 60 tissue specimens of pathological lesions (OSCCs or OPMDs) and in 7 controls (normal oral mucosa, NOM) by immunohistochemistry and in saliva of 45 patients with OSCC or OPMDs and 9 controls (healthy volunteers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IL-8 in OSCC specimens and TNF-α in OSCCs and OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to NOM. Moreover, expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus without dysplasia, whereas expression of IL-8 only in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia in comparison with NOM. Salivary concentrations of all evaluated cytokines were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in controls. Moreover, levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in saliva of patients with OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to controls and in OSCC patients as compared to patients with dysplastic lesions. There was also significant increase in salivary concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with OSCC as compared to patients with OPMDs without dysplasia. Conclusion: The study confirmed that proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines are involved in pathogenesis of OPMDs and OSCC. The most important biomarker of malignant transformation process within oral mucosa among all assessed cytokines seems to be IL-8. Further studies on a larger sample size are needed to corroborate these results.

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