scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Energy Resources to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hachem-Vermette ◽  
Kuljeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors

This paper summarizes a methodology developed to optimize urban-scale energy mix. An optimal capacity estimation method based on energy credits is proposed, the objective of which is to plan renewable and alternative energy sources to yield zero (or positive) year-end energy credits. Several renewable and alternative energy resources are considered, including photovoltaic systems, solar thermal collectors, wind turbines, waste to energy (WtE) potential, as well as thermal seasonal storage. The methodology employs several energy simulation and optimization tools, including Energy Plus, TRNSYS and MATLAB. The optimization employs a non-linear process that uses objective function, boundaries and non-linear/linear constraints as input. The methodology is demonstrated on a hypothetical mixed-use neighborhood, designed to achieve high-energy performance objectives, with three scenarios of energy operations: 1) all electric, 2) all-electric except for DHW, and 3) DHW and space heating arenon-electric. The pilot location of this mixed-use neighborhood, including residential and commercial buildings, is Calgary (AB, Canada). For the all-electric scenario, PV systems implemented in all available south facing roof areas together with a limited number of wind turbines can achieve NZE status. For the other two scenarios, solar thermal collectors coupled to borehole thermal storage (STC and BTES) need to be considered. Although in all cases of the considered scenarios waste-based energy is not required, it can be used to shave the peak electric load, reducing the stress on the grid. This methodology can be employed for the design of an integrated urban energy systems, in different neighborhood designs, to achieve energy self-sufficient, or energy positive status.

Development of the algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Khlyupin ◽  
G. N. Ispulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: The co-authors provide an overview of the main types of wind turbines and power generators installed into wind energy devices, as well as advanced technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing wind power generators, if applied as alternative energy sources. The co-authors have proven the need to develop an algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system in the course of designing windmill farms in Russia. Methods: The co-authors have analyzed several types of wind turbines and power generators. Results and discussions: The algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system is presented as a first approximation. Conclusion: The emerging algorithm enables designers to develop an effective wind generator-based autonomous power supply system.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Demand-side Energy Policy as an Alternative Energy Strategy for Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647
Author(s):  
Peter Pintz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
General Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

After the first oil-price shock of 1973, a search for new energy policies was started all over the world. Changing one fundamental concept - that relating to the general development of energy supply and consumption - was, however, out of the question. The pre-1973 trend of development was maintained. The energy elasticities did not change. The old forecasts were still held to be valid and were considered now, as earlier, to be the objectives which a successful energy policy had to achieve. This was considered a prerequisite for high growth rates of GNP and improvements in living conditions, and energy consumption was regarded as an indicator of the level of economic development. Therefore, the focus was shifted to an enlargement of the supply of indigenous energy resources as a substitute for imported energy, so that dependence on foreign countries could be minimized.

Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Natarajan Narayanan ◽  
Vasudevan Mangottiri ◽  
Kiruba Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Beings

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations, and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade, etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants. Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario. One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and simultaneously achieving resource recovery.

Energy resources demand-supply system analysis and empirical research based on non-linear approach

Energy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 5460-5465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Sun ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Lixin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Non-linear Terahertz driving of plasma waves in layered cuprates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Gabriele ◽  
Mattia Udina ◽  
Lara Benfatto
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Plasma Mode ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
High Frequency Plasma ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Layered Cuprates

AbstractThe hallmark of superconductivity is the rigidity of the quantum-mechanical phase of electrons, responsible for superfluid behavior and Meissner effect. The strength of the phase stiffness is set by the Josephson coupling, which is strongly anisotropic in layered cuprates. So far, THz light pulses have been used to achieve non-linear control of the out-of-plane Josephson plasma mode, whose frequency lies in the THz range. However, the high-energy in-plane plasma mode has been considered insensitive to THz pumping. Here, we show that THz driving of both low-frequency and high-frequency plasma waves is possible via a general two-plasmon excitation mechanism. The anisotropy of the Josephson couplings leads to markedly different thermal effects for the out-of-plane and in-plane response, linking in both cases the emergence of non-linear photonics across Tc to the superfluid stiffness. Our results show that THz light pulses represent a preferential knob to selectively drive phase excitations in unconventional superconductors.

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