scholarly journals Hydroeconomic Analysis to Guide Climate Adaptation Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Face ◽  
Induced Changes

Successful climate adaptation needs to sustain food, water, and energy security in the face of elevated carbon emissions. Hydroeconomic analysis (HEA) offers considerable potential to inform climate adaptation plans where water is an important element of economic activity. This paper's contribution is to identify how HEA can inform climate adaptation plans by minimizing economic costs of responding to climate induced changes in water supplies. It describes what HEA is, why it is important, how researchers implement it, who has made significant contributions, and places where it has informed policy debates. It also describes future directions for the use of HEA to guide climate adaptation.

The Politics of Inertia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Home Office ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Short Sentence ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Face

The chapter explores the ever more complex policy debates that surrounded the efforts to extend a system of early release to short sentence prisoners. It begins with an overview of the main candidates for reform and the strengths and weaknesses of these policy options. It explores the Home Office Review of Parole in England and Wales and considers why these recommendations were so quickly abandoned in the face of political and judicial pressure. It then goes on to examine the passage of the Criminal Justice Act 1982, a significant piece of legislation which resulted in wide-ranging reform of parole in England and Wales. The chapter concludes with a number of reflections upon the policy inertia of the early 1980s and what that reveals about the changing aims and techniques of criminal justice at this time.

scholarly journals The Future of Fat Grafting

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S69-S74
Author(s):  
Summer E Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Autologous Fat Grafting ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Autologous Fat ◽  
The Face

Abstract One of the earliest reported cases of autologous fat grafting (AFG) was by Neuber in 1893 and consisted of the transfer of small lobules of fat from the upper arm for cicatrical depression of the face. He advocated the use of smaller grafts, noting that pieces larger than the size of a bean would form cysts. In 1895, Czerny excised a lumbar lipoma and transplanted it to the chest for breast reconstruction. Since these early reports, the knowledge base around AFG has expanded exponentially, as illustrated by the other papers within this special topic. As we embark on the next phase of AFG in the clinical setting, there are several directions which are near-clinical translation. This paper discusses future directions in fat grafting that build on optimization of our current techniques as clinical indications expand, such as supplementing purified lipoaspirate and the associated regulatory burden, or deconstructing adipose tissue to selectively use adipose graft components for a variety of regenerative indications.

Steel: friend or foe in the face of the climate emergency?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Swann ◽  
Francois Hanus ◽  
Olivier Vasart ◽  
Alan Knight
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
High Potential ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Recycled Material

<p>Steel is the most recycled material in the world and a key contributor to the circular economy, but todays primary steelmaking methods result in high embodied carbon. In the face of the climate emergency, designers have been tasked with driving down the upfront emissions of the built environment. Naturally the embodied carbon characteristics of all materials have been put under the microscope and those with high impacts are being demonised, primary steel is one of those. So how does a designer balance the immediate needs of the climate emergency with the future needs of society? When confronted with a material like steel with practically perfect circularity characteristics but high embodied impacts how do designers balance the needs of today with those of tomorrow? What if steel could be made with zero carbon emissions? Coupled with its high potential for re-use and its high recycling rates is steel a friend and ally in the face of the climate emergency rather than a foe?</p>

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI DARAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DI JAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Muh Kadarisman ◽  
Aang Gunawan ◽  
Ismiyati Ismiyati
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transportation Development

Transportation is the backbone in creating social welfare in Jakarta. Therefore, if there are problems in the transportation system, it will have an impact on the smooth traffic flow and will ultimately hamper the achievement of public welfare. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. This study refers to the theory proposed by Anderson (in Tachjan, 2006: 23) and Sarana, et al (2009: 9). The results of the study are as follows. Policy implementation transportation system in Jakarta has been able to improve the social welfare of most citizens, which means some people have to feel and enjoy the outcome of transportation development  in Jakarta. However, others have not optimally felt the positive impact of the policy. Even, it is perceived negatively; such as traffic jams which are almost evenly distributed throughout Jakarta causing high air pollution, hampered economic activity and generated high economic costs that social welfare was also weakened. This is reinforced by the increasing poverty rate in 2014 that reached 393,980 people thousand compared to previous years.

scholarly journals Invasive wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) as a human‐mediated source of soil carbon emissions: uncertainties and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. O’Bryan ◽  
Nicholas R. Patton ◽  
Jim Hone ◽  
Jesse S. Lewis ◽  
Violeta Berdejo‐Espinola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wild Pigs

scholarly journals Earth system responses to cumulative carbon emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 9839-9877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steinacher ◽  
F. Joos
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Steric Sea Level ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
Biogenic Structures

Abstract. Information on the relationship between cumulative fossil carbon emissions and multiple climate targets are essential to design emission mitigation and climate adaptation strategies. In this study, the transient responses in different climate variables are quantified for a large set of multi-forcing scenarios extended to year 2300 towards stabilization and in idealized experiments using the Bern3D-LPJ carbon-climate model. The model outcomes are constrained by 26 physical and biogeochemical observational data sets in a Bayesian, Monte-Carlo type framework. Cumulative fossil emissions of 1000 Gt C result in a global mean surface air temperature change of 1.88 °C (68 % confidence interval (c.i.): 1.28 to 2.69 °C), a decrease in surface ocean pH of 0.19 (0.18 to 0.22), and in steric sea level rise of 20 cm (13 to 27 cm until 2300). Linearity between cumulative emissions and transient response is high for pH and reasonably high for surface air and sea surface temperatures, but less pronounced for changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning, Southern Ocean and tropical surface water saturation with respect to biogenic structures of calcium carbonate, and carbon stocks in soils. The slopes of the relationships change when CO2 is stabilized. The Transient Climate Response is constrained, primarily by long-term ocean heat observations, to 1.7 °C (68 % c.i.: 1.3 to 2.2 °C) and the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity to 2.9 °C (2.0 to 4.2 °C). This is consistent with results by CMIP5 models, but inconsistent with recent studies that relied on short-term air temperature data affected by natural climate variability.

scholarly journals Future Directions for Power System Interconnection from Korea’s Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
J. Yoon ◽  
S. Song
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
System Interconnection ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Northeast Asian

The power system interconnection between Northeast Asian countries has been discussed since 2000 but has not been realized to date due to various obstacles. This paper specifies the expected future energy policy, long-term energy supply plan, and necessity of power interconnection from the Korean viewpoint, including the climate change agreement. There are very many interconnection scenarios presented by various institutes in NEA countries now. These studies contain the overall preliminary feasibility results but do not consider the environmental effects, energy security, and market reforms. Do these existing studies show how we could interconnect specific countries? This paper discusses the trading potentials for green energy utilization between countries and some obstacles to be removed to promote the energy interconnection projects from technical, economic, marketable, and energy security standpoints. Especially, energy security in terms of politics, as well as vulnerability characteristics of renewable energy, could cause the interconnected system blackouts. These could be a serious obstacle to realization and continuous stable operation of these interconnection projects. Finally, this paper will specify the future directions and possible scenarios for power system interconnection by integrating these issues comprehensively from Korea's perspective.

Executing production schedules in the face of uncertainties: A review and some future directions

2005 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haldun Aytug ◽  
Mark A. Lawley ◽  
Kenneth McKay ◽  
Shantha Mohan ◽  
Reha Uzsoy
Keyword(s):  
Future Directions ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Community Versus Market: A Note on Corporate Villages

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Bates ◽  
Amy Farmer Curry
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
The Face ◽  
Random Shocks

We return to the literature on collective villages and reexamine its central arguments. In doing so, we focus on an institution for allocating land that we call the Rule. As claimed by its advocates, the Rule secures land allocations that result in outcomes differing from those that would be achieved by markets. The outcomes are not constrained to be efficient. But the economic costs paid fail to secure the attainment of guarantees of subsistence, greater equality, or a greater sense of community resulting from the elimination of envy. However, in the face of high levels of risk, the form of collective property rights embodied in the Rule may create what we call “communities of (mis)fortune,” in which no one can envy others' gains or losses resulting from the random shocks of nature.

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