scholarly journals Community Versus Market: A Note on Corporate Villages

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Bates ◽  
Amy Farmer Curry
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
The Face ◽  
Random Shocks

We return to the literature on collective villages and reexamine its central arguments. In doing so, we focus on an institution for allocating land that we call the Rule. As claimed by its advocates, the Rule secures land allocations that result in outcomes differing from those that would be achieved by markets. The outcomes are not constrained to be efficient. But the economic costs paid fail to secure the attainment of guarantees of subsistence, greater equality, or a greater sense of community resulting from the elimination of envy. However, in the face of high levels of risk, the form of collective property rights embodied in the Rule may create what we call “communities of (mis)fortune,” in which no one can envy others' gains or losses resulting from the random shocks of nature.

A Public Empire

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Pravilova
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
State Reform ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Public Status ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Face

“Property rights” and “Russia” do not usually belong in the same sentence. Rather, our general image of the nation is of insecurity of private ownership and defenselessness in the face of the state. Many scholars have attributed Russia's long-term development problems to a failure to advance property rights for the modern age and blamed Russian intellectuals for their indifference to the issues of ownership. This book refutes this widely shared conventional wisdom and analyzes the emergence of Russian property regimes from the time of Catherine the Great through World War I and the revolutions of 1917. Most importantly, the book shows the emergence of the new practices of owning “public things” in imperial Russia and the attempts of Russian intellectuals to reconcile the security of property with the ideals of the common good. The book analyzes how the belief that certain objects—rivers, forests, minerals, historical monuments, icons, and Russian literary classics—should accede to some kind of public status developed in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. Professional experts and liberal politicians advocated for a property reform that aimed at exempting public things from private ownership, while the tsars and the imperial government employed the rhetoric of protecting the sanctity of private property and resisted attempts at its limitation. Exploring the Russian ways of thinking about property, the book looks at problems of state reform and the formation of civil society, which, as the book argues, should be rethought as a process of constructing “the public” through the reform of property rights.

A Weapon of the Weak? Shareholding, Property Rights and Villager Empowerment in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 131-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karita Kan
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Collective Property

AbstractAs urbanization continues to fuel land and property conflicts in rural China, shareholding has been promoted as a reform in property rights that would enhance bottom-up control in the governance of collective assets. The recent proliferation of community-based shareholding companies has been credited for giving villagers new identities as shareholders, which entitle them to vote, receive their share of collective profits, and elect the managers of their wealth. This paper critically appraises these reforms and offers a contrarian perspective to singular narratives of villager empowerment. While shareholding clarifies villagers’ rights of control, income and transfer in collective property, the effective exercise of such powers is often forestalled on the ground by the concentration of power in elite hands. To the extent that formal and informal constraints on cadre power remain tenuous, shareholding could function as a vehicle for the powerful to appropriate collective wealth rather than as a weapon of the weak.

Cultural Identity Preservation Through Social Media

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Bilge
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Identity Negotiation ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Identity Preservation ◽  
Shared History ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Media Platforms

This chapter explores cultural identity negotiation on social media for a specific refugee group. Previous research indicates the importance of a sense of community and cultural preservation in regards to establishing and maintaining a cultural identity for this specific group. The group, Meskhetian Turks, is an example of ethnic identity and an established ethnicity through shared history and struggle. This chapter focuses on the virtual implications of the group's identity in social media. More specifically, it explores how social media platforms serve as a cultural unifier, where cultural identity is maintained and perpetuated in the face of an unattainable physical homeland.

scholarly journals Cohesivity Fisheries Community in the Face of Climate Change on the Coast of Western Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galuh Adriana ◽  
Nurmala K. Pandjaitan ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Face ◽  
Study Population

<p>ABTRACT<br />The conditions of fishermen is very dependent with nature. Climate change that happening makes nature more difficult to predict. That can make the living of fishermen more vulnerabel. Communities that have a strong cohesiveness will have a collective action to deal with climate change. The purpose of this study is to see the level of cohesiveness fisherman in the face of climate change. The method used is mix method using questionnaire, observation and in-depth interviews. The number of respondents was 100 people. The selection of respondents was done by simple random sampling technique, where the study population are members of “raskin” program from government. The results are fisheries community have a strong social capital, sense of community and community collective efficacy, which is produced strong cohesiveness. However, in reality what is perceived is not necessarily reflected in everyday life. Collective action found only in activities that support public facilities. However, collective action for the economic interests only occurs in certain interest groups. According the results can be argued that the level of fishing community cohesiveness is high, but only produce preparadness for climate change.<br />Keywords: social cohesion, collective action, fisheries community</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Kehidupan nelayan sangat bergantung dengan alam. Perubahan iklim yang terjadi membuat alam semakin sulit untuk diprediksi. Kondisi tersebut membuat kehidupan nelayan semakin vulnerabel. Komunitas yang memiliki kohesivitas yang kuat akan memiliki aksi kolektif untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat derajat kohesivitas komuitas nelayan dalam mengahadapi perubahan iklim. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix method dengan menggunakan kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Jumlah responden adalah 100 orang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling, dimana populasi penelitian adalah anggota komunitas penerima program beras raskin dari pemerintah. Hasil penelitian adalah komunitas nelayan memiliki modal sosial, sense of community dan community collective efficacy yang kuat, yang akan menghasilkan kohesivitas yang kuat. Akan tetapi, apa yang dirasakan belum tentu tercerimin pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Aksi kolektif hanya terdapat pada kegiatan yang mendukung fasilitas umum. Akan tetapi aksi kolektif untuk kepentingan ekonomi hanya terjadi pada kelompok-kelompok kepentingan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil dapat dikatakan bahwa tingkat kohesivitas komunitas nelayan tinggi, tetapi hanya menghasilkan kesiapan untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim.<br />Kata kunci: kohesivitas, aksi kolektif, komunitas pesisir</p>

scholarly journals Game Theory Analysis: The Stakeholder Behavior in the Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform (RCPRSR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Ruitao Zhang ◽  
Ammar Saad ◽  
Ying Xia
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Stakeholder Behavior ◽  
Village Organization ◽  
The Village

The Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform (RCPRSR) is a process of evolution along with the equilibrium point of the game theory. It is also an institutional change involving China&rsquo;s primary economic system and rural basic management system. This paper used the stakeholder theory to determine the main stakeholders in the RCPRSR and then analyzed the behavior mechanism of the main stakeholders through the method of game theory. The results indicate that the main stakeholders are farmers, village organizations, and government. The Nash equilibrium solution is executing and joining respectively village organizations and farmers. Game theory also suggests that the RCPRSR is a gradual and repetitive dynamic process, not the result of one-time rational design. Based on the conclusions of the research, it indicates that should raise the enthusiasm of the village organization. This can increase the income of farmers and flourish the rural economy of China.

‘Changing the face of school music’: Walford Davies, the gramophone and the radio

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
The Arts ◽  
School Music ◽  
The Face ◽  
Immense Potential

Between 1922 and 1941 Walford Davies linked music in schools with the relatively new media of the gramophone and the radio. His work with the BBC and the Gramophone Company had immense potential. He believed strongly that teachers using the radio and gramophone could contribute to a significant improvement in the musical life of the nation. At the heart ofDavies's educational mission was a belief in the ability of children to compose their own melodies, Davies achieved a high public profile for his work, but was less successful in developing its detail. His teaching method became predictable, and style triumphed over substance. However, it may be more productive to view his work within the context of his notion of fellowship, recovering a sense of community in the arts through the mass media, an attempt to connect different musical worlds.

scholarly journals Determinants of property rights in Poland and Ukraine: the polity or politicians?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER A. HARTWELL
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face

AbstractNorth (1994) famously remarked that ‘it is the polity that defines and enforces property rights’. This paper traces the development of property rights in Poland and Ukraine and explores their divergence over the past three centuries using North's framework of economic calculation. In each country, the distribution of political power and political institutions had a profound impact on property rights. Indeed, while it was the Polishpolitythat defined the evolution of property rights from 1386 to 1795 and then from 1989 onward, due to diffusion of power, it was Ukrainianpoliticiansthat controlled the destiny of property rights for most of Ukraine's history. This situation has not changed despite the Maidan revolution in Ukraine, and recent moves in Poland show how tenuous property rights are in the face of political opposition.

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