scholarly journals Global Agri-Food Sector: Challenges and Opportunities in COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Hamid ◽  
Mohammad Yaseen Mir
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Inelastic Demand ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Global Shocks

COVID-19 pandemic has been catastrophic for almost everything including the global economy. Among many sectors, the food and the agriculture sector was the worst hit following the immediate lockdown and market shutdowns. Though some stability was prevalent from supply side till date, however, the severe restrictions put in place to curb the spread of pandemic have endangered the supply of agricultural and food articles contemporaneously across borders and from field to fork. While the income decline due to price falland supplies chain disruptions due to pandemic have escalated the food shortages in several of developing and developed countries. Nevertheless the global demand for food items has remained more or less unchanged owing to their inelastic demand. Even within the global level, the scenario of food security and supply chain stability has been substantially deplorable for emerging and less developing countries due to their lack of insulation to the global shocks or pandemics. Notably, the technological backwardness, excessive know-how dependence and denied accessibility on several grounds lead to poverty and food hunger in these countries. At the policy level, a holistic approach specifically targeted towards the developing and less developed economies is highly warranted to ensure an appreciable progress towards the minimisation of sensitivity with regard to agriculture and food security. Apart from the measures to insulate them from global shocks, additional steps need to be taken to alleviate their technological backwardness and denied accessibility on certain socio-cultural norms.

scholarly journals Why do developed economies become vulnerable to economic cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Lilia Mykhailyshyn ◽  
Serhii Vasylchenko
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Developed Countries

The possible reasons for the intensification of cyclical fluctuations of the economies of the developed countries in the last decade are analyzed in the article. At the same time, the countries with risky markets (emerging markets and developing economies) are experiencing lower GDP losses during cyclical reductions of the economy. This is particularly paradoxical in view of the fact that developed economies are generally considered to be more stable and competitive. Besides, during the twentieth century, mankind has accumulated considerable experience in counteracting the cyclical nature of national economies and learned to smooth the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations. The authors of the article put forward and substantiate the assumption that the reason for the increase in the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations, increase of the depth of cyclical fluctuations of economies of the developed countries compared to the countries with emerging markets and developing economies, is the significant difference in the structure of these economies. The significant predominance of the tertiary sector in the developed economies makes them more vulnerable to cyclical fluctuations due to the greater multiplier effect that is inherent in the tertiary sector industries compared to other sectors of the economy. The conducted correlation analysis showed the presence of the strong relationship between such parameters of the economy as the share of the tertiary sector in the economy and the percentage value of the predicted economic recession in 2020 in the developed economies and emerging markets and developing economies. But it is necessary to keep in mind that the autonomous cost multiplier works in the opposite direction, accelerating the economic decline during the economic cycle. That is why, in our opinion, measures of state regulation of the economy today should be increasingly aimed at regulating the tertiary sector to prevent the increasing cyclicality of the modern global economy, as the leading economic leaders themselves are often becoming generators of the business cycle due to economic financialization and tertiary sector growth in general.

Combating Food Shortages in Least Developed Countries: Current Development Assistance Approaches

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Feed The Future ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Developed Nations

AbstractThis paper discusses the major policy initiatives that have been developed to combat chronic food shortages in the world’s least developed nations. The United States has taken the world’s leadership position in trying to address chronic hunger and under-nutrition as part of its Feed the Future initiative, an effort that is linked to the G8’s L’Aquila Food Security initiative. Both initiatives focus on activities and outcomes that are intended to reduce food insecurity in the medium and long terms. Both initiatives operate in the context of the immediate food relief policies and practices that most nations subscribe to as part of the United Nations food security initiatives.

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD SECURITY IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPED ECONOMIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 948-960
Author(s):  
Sawssen Nafti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we empirically investigate if food security is specific to a space, a level of development or an economic mode, using Panel data. Our study initially exploited a total sample of 52 emerging and developed countries, for the period 1980-2006, then, we subdivided the sample in two subsamples according to the classification of the World Bank and according to the income. In this way, food safety can be defined as the capacity of all people to a sufficient, healthy and nutritive food, the physical and the economic access. Our results indicate that the countries in the process of development are the most vulnerable to food safety (in quantity: undernourishment) because of the increases of the percentage of poverty. But the developed countries suffers also by this problem( in quality: obesity).

Management of Distributed Project Teams in Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 867-873
Author(s):  
Paul C. van Fenema ◽  
Ilan Oshri ◽  
Julia Kotlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Accessible Information

Today’s global economy depends on intra- and interorganizational distributed teams consisting of diversely specialized professionals for creating value in networks (DeSanctis & Fulk, 1999; Gerwin & Ferris, 2004), relying on accessible information and communication technologies (ICT) and infrastructures (Sobol & Apte, 1995). Distributed project teams represent a common organizational form for developing, connecting, and deploying diverse sources of expertise (Kotlarsky & Oshri, 2005). Resources in newly developed economies such as China and India are connected with those in developed countries in industries like software development, car manufacturing, electronics, transportation, pharmaceutical research, and business services. Noncommercial examples of distributed projects include education (Cramton, 2001), disaster response, global disease control, and (regional) policy development.

Management of Distributed Project Teams in Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 1337-1345
Author(s):  
Paul C. van Fenema ◽  
Ilan Oshri ◽  
Julia Kotlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Accessible Information

Today’s global economy depends on intra- and interorganizational distributed teams consisting of diversely specialized professionals for creating value in networks (DeSanctis & Fulk, 1999; Gerwin & Ferris, 2004), relying on accessible information and communication technologies (ICT) and infrastructures (Sobol & Apte, 1995). Distributed project teams represent a common organizational form for developing, connecting, and deploying diverse sources of expertise (Kotlarsky & Oshri, 2005). Resources in newly developed economies such as China and India are connected with those in developed countries in industries like software development, car manufacturing, electronics, transportation, pharmaceutical research, and business services. Noncommercial examples of distributed projects include education (Cramton, 2001), disaster response, global disease control, and (regional) policy development.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Food and Nutrition Promotion: Feasibility of the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Promise Zvavahera ◽  
Farai Chigora
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Blue Print

Zimbabwe has faced persistent droughts from around year 1990 to date posing a structural food security challenge to the populace. Recently, the government of Zimbabwe introduced a blue print to spearhead and map sustainable balance in tapping value from the available natural and man-made resources in the country. This is known as the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation Programme (Zim Asset). Amongst its prospects, agriculture and nutrition has been reckoned as a sustainable cluster for economic development. This study was undertaken one and half years after the implementation of Zim Asset as an evaluation mechanism on the successes and challenges faced in transforming the Zimbabwean economy with specific reference to the Food and Nutrition Cluster. The study employed both post positivism and interpretivism philosophies applying quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering research data. The research instruments included documentary evidence, face to face in-depth interviews and focus groups. The in-depth interviews explored issues to do with resources allocation in line with the Zim Asset agriculture sustenance objectives. Focus was therefore, on the four Ministries supporting the Food and Nutrition Cluster. Eighty percent of the respondents reported that the economic blue print has not made any significant strides in improving the country’s agricultural performance and food security since the inception of Zim Asset in October 2013. It was noted that the country continued to import maize from Zambia and other countries in the region. The major reason for its lack of success was due to the unavailability of resources to support the programme and the fact that land was allocated to unproductive and cell phone farmers. There was consensus that land audit and recapitalisation of the agriculture sector were critical in achieving the desired outcomes. The study recommends that the programme be adequately funded, so that the country can become self-sufficient.

Internationalization of emerging multinationals: the Latin American case

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Losada-Otálora ◽  
Lourdes Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emerging Multinationals ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
American Case ◽  
Key Resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework that challenges the condescending view of multinationals of emerging countries. In this paper, it is showed that emerging multinational companies (EMNCs) developed valuable resources that leveraged their internationalization strategies. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory approach was used to investigate the internationalization strategies of EMNCs. A qualitative study was built on secondary data sources, particularly analysis of cases of the internationalization of Latin American companies. Findings – The internationalization strategies deployed by EMNCs are similar to the strategies of traditional multinationals (firms of developed countries). Similarly, EMNCs exploit, acquire or defend their resources in foreign markets. Additionally, the selection of each strategy depends on the availability, transferability and substitutability of the resources involved in the internationalization. Research limitations/implications – The traditional approaches that study the role of resources in the internationalization of the EMNCs have some shortcomings. It is worth conducting additional research including the approach developed here to advance in the comprehension of the behavior of EMNCs. Practical implications – Managers must identify and develop key resources to invest abroad. Additionally, managers need to take into account the characteristics of the resources of their firms to select an adequate strategy abroad. Originality/value – This paper shows that EMNCs are not resource laggards. Consequently, theoretical and empirical evidence is provided to advance the development of comprehensive theories of the internationalization of EMNCs. This paper offers academics and practitioners with a new focus to analyze the internationalization of EMNCs which are recognized as a driving force of the global economy.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

The article identifies the key conceptual foundations for the formation of intellectual leadership of economic entities, including countries as specific actors in the global economy. Thorough preconditions for increasing the level of economic development and the impact of education have been identified. It is determined that historical concepts and modern realities of economic activity only actualize the role of education and enlightenment in the economic development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness. The strategies of increasing the competitiveness of individual countries of the world are analyzed, their key priorities in the conditions of formation of the knowledge economy are determined. The evolution of views on the role of human and intellectual capital in increasing the welfare of countries, the impact on GDP and other macroeconomic indicators is described. The ratings of countries are analyzed, in particular by the level of investment in intellectual capital and the structure of their GDP, which confirms the dominance of science-intensive economic activities. In addition, it was determined that the leading countries are characterized by increasing the role of knowledge-intensive activities, increasing the share of intangible assets, redistribution of capital of leading international companies and increasing research spending, increasing investment in human and intellectual capital, increasing exports of high-tech products. Analytical assessment confirms the advanced development of science-intensive industries in countries with developed economies, which creates the need for training and retraining of specialists needed for such industries. In modern conditions, the educational process ceases to be predominantly the prerogative of young people, and becomes a lifelong process, which increases spending on education in developed countries, but without denying the significant asymmetries on this indicator. Research confirms the direct relationship between the quality of human and physical capital and economic development, which is typical of highly developed countries, one of the main reasons for the development lag of the poorest countries. In addition, the article substantiates the key factors of intellectual leadership and their impact on the development of economic development strategies.

The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Developing Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexey Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Stock

The article highlights three stages of the formation of multinationals from developing countries. Although first Argentine TNCs appeared at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, in the majority of the Global South countries TNCs appeared in the 1960s — 1980s. With the collapse of the bipolar world order, which in many developing countries was accompanied by significant internal political and economic transformations, the second stage of foreign expansion of TNCs from the Global South began. Indeed, in 1990 they accounted for 6 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, while the figure was 10 % by the end of 2005. We date the beginning of the third stage to the financial and economic crisis of 2007—2009, since multinationals from developing countries as a whole are more successfully overcoming the period of turbulence in the global economy. By the end of 2020, they accounted for 22 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis they generally exported more than 50% of the capital. The modern foreign expansion of such TNCs has many reasons, differs greatly from country to country, and often differs slightly from the specifics of Western multinationals. At the same time, initially, “late internationalization” in developing countries had two main vectors — the use of new opportunities for South — South cooperation and overcoming, through the creation of subsidiaries in highly developed countries, the shortcomings of the business environment of “catching up” countries.

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