scholarly journals Black Hole Science With the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sesana
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
The Big Bang

The author reviews the scientific potential of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a space-borne gravitational wave (GW) observatory to be launched in the early 30s. Thanks to its sensitivity in the milli-Hz frequency range, LISA will reveal a variety of GW sources across the Universe, from our Solar neighborhood potentially all the way back to the Big Bang, promising to be a game changer in our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. This review dives in the LISA Universe, with a specific focus on black hole science, including the formation and evolution of massive black holes in galaxy centers, the dynamics of dense nuclei and formation of extreme mass ratio inspirals, and the astrophysics of stellar-origin black hole binaries.

Pulsar–black hole binaries as a window on quantum gravity

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Estes ◽  
Michael Kavic ◽  
Matthew Lippert ◽  
John H. Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Square Kilometer Array

Pulsars (PSRs) are some of the most accurate clocks found in nature, while black holes (BHs) offer a unique arena for the study of quantum gravity. As such, PSR–BH binaries provide ideal astrophysical systems for detecting effects of quantum gravity. With the success of aLIGO and the advent of instruments like the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA), the prospects for discovery of such PSR–BH binaries are very promising. We argue that PSR–BH binaries can serve as ready-made testing grounds for proposed resolutions to the BH information paradox. We propose using timing signals from a PSR beam passing through the region near a BH event horizon as a probe of quantum gravitational effects. In particular, we demonstrate that fluctuations of the geometry outside a BH lead to an increase in the measured root-mean-square deviation of arrival times of PSR pulsar traveling near the horizon.

scholarly journals Discovering intermediate massive black holes through tidally disrupted stars

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1944015
Author(s):  
Martina Toscani ◽  
Giuseppe Lodato ◽  
Elena Maria Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Tidal Disruption ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Self Gravity

Stars are spheres of gas held together by self-gravity. When flying by a black hole, however, the star self-binding force can be overwhelmed by the black hole tides and the star can be torn apart. This is a physically rich and fascinating event which will be described by first introducing the concept of black hole from a mathematical point of view. We will then dive into the physics of the tidal disruption and proceed describing the accompanying electromagnetic flare and gravitational wave burst in the frequency range of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. This empowers such events to discover the elusive black holes with mass intermediate between the solar and the million/billion solar masses.

scholarly journals Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 357 (6358) ◽  
pp. 1375-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Hirano ◽  
Takashi Hosokawa ◽  
Naoki Yoshida ◽  
Rolf Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Gas Condensation ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Gas Cloud

The origin of super-massive black holes in the early universe remains poorly understood. Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is a promising initial process, but theoretical studies have difficulty growing the black hole fast enough. We report numerical simulations of early black hole formation starting from realistic cosmological conditions. Supersonic gas motions left over from the Big Bang prevent early gas cloud formation until rapid gas condensation is triggered in a protogalactic halo. A protostar is formed in the dense, turbulent gas cloud, and it grows by sporadic mass accretion until it acquires 34,000 solar masses. The massive star ends its life with a catastrophic collapse to leave a black hole—a promising seed for the formation of a monstrous black hole.

scholarly journals Time-delay interferometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tinto ◽  
Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Laser Noise ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Mathematical Foundations

AbstractEqual-arm detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light is common to both arms, experiencing exactly the same delay, and thus cancels when it is differenced at the photo detector. In this situation, much lower level secondary noises then set the overall performance. If, however, the two arms have different lengths (as will necessarily be the case with space-borne interferometers), the laser noise experiences different delays in the two arms and will hence not directly cancel at the photo detector. To solve this problem, a technique involving heterodyne interferometry with unequal arm lengths and independent phase-difference readouts has been proposed. It relies on properly time-shifting and linearly combining independent Doppler measurements, and for this reason it has been called time-delay interferometry (TDI). This article provides an overview of the theory, mathematical foundations, and experimental aspects associated with the implementation of TDI. Although emphasis on the application of TDI to the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission appears throughout this article, TDI can be incorporated into the design of any future space-based mission aiming to search for gravitational waves via interferometric measurements. We have purposely left out all theoretical aspects that data analysts will need to account for when analyzing the TDI data combinations.

SHOCK WAVE COSMOLOGY INSIDE A BLACK HOLE: THE CASE OF NON-CRITICAL EXPANSION

2004 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
JOEL SMOLLER ◽  
BLAKE TEMPLE
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
State Formula ◽  
The Big Bang

We derive and analyze the equations that extend the results in [20,21] to the case of non-critical expansion k≠0. By an asymptotic argument we show that the equation of state [Formula: see text] plays the same distinguished role in the analysis when k≠0 as it does when k=0: only for this equation of state does the shock emerge from the Big Bang at a finite nonzero speed — the speed of light. We also obtain a simple closed system that extends the case [Formula: see text] considered in [20,21] to the case of a general positive, increasing, convex equation of state p=p(ρ).

In-orbit performance of the laser interferometer of Taiji-1 experimental satellite

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140004
Author(s):  
He-Shan Liu ◽  
Zi-Ren Luo ◽  
Wei Sha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Test Mass ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Satellite Platform ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Carrier Rocket ◽  
Reference Sensor

Taiji-1, which is the first experimental satellite for space gravitational wave detection in China, relies on key technologies which include the laser interferometer, the gravitational reference sensor (GRS), the micro-thruster and the satellite platform. Similarly to the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) pathfinder, except for the science interferometer, the optical bench (OB) of Taiji-1 contains reference and test mass (TM) interferometers. Limited by the lower mechanical strength of the carrier rocket and by the orbit environment, the OB of Taiji-1 is made of invar steel and fused silica, and it is aimed to achieve a sensitivity of the order of 100[Formula: see text]pm/[Formula: see text]. The experimental results from in-orbit tests of Taiji-1 demonstrate that the interferometer can reach a sensitivity of 30[Formula: see text]pm/[Formula: see text] in the frequency range of 0.01–10[Formula: see text]Hz, which satisfies the requirements of Taiji-1 mission.

scholarly journals Maximum likelihood map making with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo R. Contaldi ◽  
Mauro Pieroni ◽  
Arianna I. Renzini ◽  
Giulia Cusin ◽  
Nikos Karnesis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

scholarly journals Supermassive black holes in the early Universe

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2184) ◽  
pp. 20150449 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Melia ◽  
T. M. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Accretion Rate ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker

The recent discovery of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 at redshift 6.3 has exacerbated the time compression problem implied by the appearance of supermassive black holes only approximately 900 Myr after the big bang, and only approximately 500 Myr beyond the formation of Pop II and III stars. Aside from heralding the onset of cosmic re-ionization, these first and second generation stars could have reasonably produced the approximately 5–20  M ⊙ seeds that eventually grew into z approximately 6–7 quasars. But this process would have taken approximately 900 Myr, a timeline that appears to be at odds with the predictions of Λ CDM without an anomalously high accretion rate, or some exotic creation of approximately 10 5   M ⊙ seeds. There is no evidence of either of these happening in the local Universe. In this paper, we show that a much simpler, more elegant solution to the supermassive black hole anomaly is instead to view this process using the age–redshift relation predicted by the R h = ct Universe, an Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmology with zero active mass. In this context, cosmic re-ionization lasted from t approximately 883 Myr to approximately 2 Gyr ( 6 ≲ z ≲ 15 ), so approximately 5–20  M ⊙ black hole seeds formed shortly after re-ionization had begun, would have evolved into approximately 10 10   M ⊙ quasars by z approximately 6–7 simply via the standard Eddington-limited accretion rate. The consistency of these observations with the age–redshift relationship predicted by R h = ct supports the existence of dark energy; but not in the form of a cosmological constant.

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