scholarly journals Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 357 (6358) ◽  
pp. 1375-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Hirano ◽  
Takashi Hosokawa ◽  
Naoki Yoshida ◽  
Rolf Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Gas Condensation ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Gas Cloud

The origin of super-massive black holes in the early universe remains poorly understood. Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is a promising initial process, but theoretical studies have difficulty growing the black hole fast enough. We report numerical simulations of early black hole formation starting from realistic cosmological conditions. Supersonic gas motions left over from the Big Bang prevent early gas cloud formation until rapid gas condensation is triggered in a protogalactic halo. A protostar is formed in the dense, turbulent gas cloud, and it grows by sporadic mass accretion until it acquires 34,000 solar masses. The massive star ends its life with a catastrophic collapse to leave a black hole—a promising seed for the formation of a monstrous black hole.

scholarly journals Supermassive black holes in the early Universe

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2184) ◽  
pp. 20150449 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Melia ◽  
T. M. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Accretion Rate ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker

The recent discovery of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 at redshift 6.3 has exacerbated the time compression problem implied by the appearance of supermassive black holes only approximately 900 Myr after the big bang, and only approximately 500 Myr beyond the formation of Pop II and III stars. Aside from heralding the onset of cosmic re-ionization, these first and second generation stars could have reasonably produced the approximately 5–20  M ⊙ seeds that eventually grew into z approximately 6–7 quasars. But this process would have taken approximately 900 Myr, a timeline that appears to be at odds with the predictions of Λ CDM without an anomalously high accretion rate, or some exotic creation of approximately 10 5   M ⊙ seeds. There is no evidence of either of these happening in the local Universe. In this paper, we show that a much simpler, more elegant solution to the supermassive black hole anomaly is instead to view this process using the age–redshift relation predicted by the R h = ct Universe, an Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmology with zero active mass. In this context, cosmic re-ionization lasted from t approximately 883 Myr to approximately 2 Gyr ( 6 ≲ z ≲ 15 ), so approximately 5–20  M ⊙ black hole seeds formed shortly after re-ionization had begun, would have evolved into approximately 10 10   M ⊙ quasars by z approximately 6–7 simply via the standard Eddington-limited accretion rate. The consistency of these observations with the age–redshift relationship predicted by R h = ct supports the existence of dark energy; but not in the form of a cosmological constant.

scholarly journals Why did Supermassive Black Holes Already Exist in the Early Universe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Big Bang

Recent observations show that there are many more and much older black holes than previously known. What is particularly puzzling is that supermassive black holes containing more than a billion solar masses already existed in the very early universe. To date, there is no conclusive explanation for how such gravity monsters could have been created in such a short time after the Big Bang. The "Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH)" offers a solution to this problem [1]. According to this hypothesis, the early universe had much more time at its disposal than according to the "present-time scale" and the material-condensing forces were much stronger than now. Therefore, objects with extremely large masses could form in a very short "today-time".

scholarly journals Why Did Supermassive Black Holes Already Exist In The Early Universe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Big Bang

Recent observations show that there are many more and much older black holes than previously known. What is particularly puzzling is that supermassive black holes containing more than a billion solar masses already existed in the very early universe. To date, there is no conclusive explanation for how such gravity monsters could have been created in such a short time after the Big Bang. The “Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH)” offers a solution to this problem [1]. According to this hypothesis, the early universe had much more time at its disposal than according to the “present-time scale” and the material-condensing forces were much stronger than now. Therefore, objects with extremely large masses could form in a very short “todaytime”.

scholarly journals Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Dark Matters ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Universe Evolution

The origins of the stellar mass neutron black holes and supermassive dark matter black holes without the singularities are reported based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The neutron black holes with the mass of mBH = 5 – 15 msun are made by the 6-quark merged states (N6q) of two neutrons with the mass (m(N6q) = 10 m(n)) of 9.4 GeV/c2 that gives the black hole mass gap of mBH = 3 – 5 msun. Also, the supermassive black holes with the mass of mSMBH = 106 – 1011 msun are made by the merged 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky way galaxy has the mass of mSMBH = 4.1 106 msun that is consistent with mSMBH = 2.08 - 6.23 106 msun calculated from the 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters with the mass of m(J) = 1.95 1015 eV/c2. In other words, this supports the existence of the B1, B2 and B3 dark matters with the proposed masses. The first dark matter black hole (primary black hole) was created at the big bang. This first dark matter black hole decayed to the supermassive dark matter black holes through the secondary dark matter black holes that are explained by the merged states of the J(B1B2B3)3 particles. The universe evolution is closely connected to the decaying process of the dark matter black holes since the big bang. The dark matter cloud states are proposed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun. This can explain why the dark matter black holes are not observed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun.

scholarly journals Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Dark Matters ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Universe Evolution

The origins of the stellar mass neutron black holes and supermassive dark matter black holes without the singularities are reported based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The neutron black holes with the mass of mBH = 5 – 15 msun are made by the 6-quark merged states (N6q) of two neutrons with the mass (m(N6q) = 10 m(n)) of 9.4 GeV/c2 that gives the black hole mass gap of mBH = 3 – 5 msun. Also, the supermassive black holes with the mass of mSMBH = 106 – 1011 msun are made by the merged 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky way galaxy has the mass of mSMBH = 4.1 106 msun that is consistent with mSMBH = 2.08 - 6.23 106 msun calculated from the 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters with the mass of m(J) = 1.95 1015 eV/c2. In other words, this supports the existence of the B1, B2 and B3 dark matters with the proposed masses. The first dark matter black hole (primary black hole) was created at the big bang. This first dark matter black hole decayed to the supermassive dark matter black holes through the secondary dark matter black holes that are explained by the merged states of the J(B1B2B3)3 particles. The universe evolution is closely connected to the decaying process of the dark matter black holes since the big bang. The dark matter cloud states are proposed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun. This can explain why the dark matter black holes are not observed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun.

scholarly journals Black Hole Science With the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sesana
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
The Big Bang

The author reviews the scientific potential of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a space-borne gravitational wave (GW) observatory to be launched in the early 30s. Thanks to its sensitivity in the milli-Hz frequency range, LISA will reveal a variety of GW sources across the Universe, from our Solar neighborhood potentially all the way back to the Big Bang, promising to be a game changer in our understanding of astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. This review dives in the LISA Universe, with a specific focus on black hole science, including the formation and evolution of massive black holes in galaxy centers, the dynamics of dense nuclei and formation of extreme mass ratio inspirals, and the astrophysics of stellar-origin black hole binaries.

scholarly journals SCHWARZSCHILD–de SITTER BLACK HOLES IN (4 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL BULK

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
METİN ARIK ◽  
DİLEK ÇİFTCİ
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Static Solution ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Warp Factor ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker

We construct a static solution for (4 + 1)-dimensional bulk such that the (3 + 1)-dimensional world has a linear warp factor and describes the Schwarzschild–dS4 black hole. For m = 0 this four-dimensional universe and Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe are related with an explicit coordinate transformation. We emphasize that for linear warp factors the effect of bulk on the brane world shows up as the dS4 background which is favored by the big bang cosmology.

scholarly journals Quasars: From the Physics of Line Formation to Cosmology

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Marziani ◽  
Edi Bon ◽  
Natasa Bon ◽  
Ascension del Olmo ◽  
Mary Martínez-Aldama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Distance Indicators ◽  
Very High

Quasars accreting matter at very high rates (known as extreme Population A (xA) or super-Eddington accreting massive black holes) provide a new class of distance indicators covering cosmic epochs from the present-day Universe up to less than 1 Gyr from the Big Bang. The very high accretion rate makes it possible that massive black holes hosted in xA quasars can radiate at a stable, extreme luminosity-to-mass ratio. This in turn translates into stable physical and dynamical conditions of the mildly ionized gas in the quasar low-ionization line emitting region. In this contribution, we analyze the main optical and UV spectral properties of extreme Population A quasars that make them easily identifiable in large spectroscopic surveys at low- ( z ≲ 1 ) and intermediate-z (2 ≲ z ≲ 2.6), and the physical conditions that are derived for the formation of their emission lines. Ultimately, the analysis supports the possibility of identifying a virial broadening estimator from low-ionization line widths, and the conceptual validity of the redshift-independent luminosity estimates based on virial broadening for a known luminosity-to-mass ratio.

HST STIS Observations of the Central Radio/X-Ray Source in the Compact Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S344) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Eric Rohr ◽  
Mark Whittle ◽  
Amy Reines ◽  
Kelsey Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Starburst Galaxy ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Central Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
Unusual Finding

AbstractBased on radio and X-ray observations, it has been suggested that a black hole of mass ∼106 Mʘ resides in the dwarf starburst galaxy Henize 2-10. This unusual finding has important implications for the formation of massive black holes in the early universe since Henize 2-10 can be viewed as a low redshift analog to the first high-z galaxies. We present long-slit HST STIS spectra that include the central radio/X-ray source. While recent VLT-MUSE spectroscopic observations with 0″.7 seeing show no change in ionization near the central source, our higher spatial resolution STIS observations identify a distinct compact region at the location of the radio/X-ray source. Initial analysis reveals broader (FWHM ∼ 380 km s-1) blue-shifted lines of low ionization. Our analysis focuses on testing two scenarios: a LINER-like AGN and a young (few decades) SNR.

Regimes of mini black hole abandoned to accretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850024
Author(s):  
Biplab Paik
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Energy Consideration ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Half Power ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Mini Black Holes ◽  
The Universe

Being inspired by the Eddington’s idea, along with other auxiliary arguments, it is unveiled that there exist regimes of a black hole that would prohibit accretion of ordinary energy. In explicit words, there exists a lower bound to black hole mass below which matter accretion process does not run for black holes. Not merely the baryonic matter, but, in regimes, also the massless photons could get prohibited from rushing into a black hole. However, unlike the baryon accretion abandoned black hole regime, the mass-regime of a black hole prohibiting accretion of radiation could vary along with its ambient temperature. For example, we discuss that earlier to [Formula: see text] s after the big-bang, as the cosmological temperature of the Universe grew above [Formula: see text] K, the mass range of black hole designating the radiation accretion abandoned regime, had to be in varying state being connected with the instantaneous age of the evolving Universe by an “one half” power law. It happens to be a fact that a black hole holding regimes prohibiting accretion of energy is gigantic by its size in comparison to the Planck length-scale. Hence the emergence of these regimes demands mini black holes for not being viable as profound suckers of energy. Consideration of accretion abandoned regimes could be crucial for constraining or judging the evolution of primordial black holes over the age of the Universe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document