scholarly journals Explaining “What for” in Motion Analysis Research: A Proposal for a Counterfactual Framework That Is Slightly Different From the Theory of Causation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Omura ◽  
Senshi Fukashiro ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Criterion Movement

In motion analysis research, the methodology for estimating the physical processes of human movement is highly developed, but the methodology for interpreting such data is relatively undeveloped. One of the aims of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of developing a conceptual basis for interpreting data about the physical processes of body movement. In this conceptual study, one topic was discussed as a central question: what it means to answer the question what a certain movement technique is aimed for. We first introduced the distinction between explanations from the perspective of causes and explanations from the perspective of purposes as a mode of explaining events, and pointed out the importance of explanations from the perspective of purposes. We next argued that by taking the perspective of whether a given movement technique leads to a desired outcome in comparison to other movement techniques, we can expect to interpret what a given movement technique is for based on objectively observable information rather than the subjective intentions of the athlete. In addition, we discussed how the criterion movement patterns should be defined when assessing the fitness for purpose of a given movement technique in terms of its consequences. In this regard, our argument is that it is necessary to take into account that the exact same movement pattern cannot be performed every time, even for the same motor task, and that there are multiple options for how to define the set of possible movement patterns that can be performed. Our discussion reveals the peculiarity of grasping the meaning of movement techniques, and therefore suggests that there is a substantial need for motion analysis researchers to deepen their conceptual analysis to understand the nature of this issue.

What is the Biomechanical Principle of Forehand Smash in Badminton? - Article Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Gilang Estina Putra ◽  
Ria Lumintuarso
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Movement

SummaryThe pattern of human movement is strongly influenced by biomotor conditions, age development will affect the level of biomotor maturity. Forehand smash is one of the techniques that every badminton athlete must master well. To do this stroke well, a good movement pattern is needed, biomotor maturity which in this study is related to the age of the athlete. So that the development of age will cause differences in movement patterns which in this study analyzes the forehand smash movement patterns in badminton based on age. It is known that the most efficient badminton technique for gaining points in badminton is the smash. The smash-hit is more likely to produce a fast shuttle lock rate performed using the forehand smash technique. So that in this study the writer will analyze a technique in badminton, namely the forehand smash technique. These findings contribute to future research on the biomechanical analysis of forehand smash motion in badminton.

Effects of Mirror and Metronome Use on Spontaneous Dance Movements

Motor Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Derrick D. Brown ◽  
Jurjen Bosga ◽  
Ruud G.J. Meulenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Dance Movements

This study investigated effects of mirror and metronome use on spontaneous upper body movements by 10 preprofessional dancers in a motor task in which maximally diverse upper body movement patterns were targeted. Hand and trunk accelerations were digitally recorded utilizing accelerometers and analyzed using polar frequency distributions of the realized acceleration directions and sample entropy of the acceleration time. Acceleration directions were more variably used by the arms than by the torso, particularly so when participants monitored their performance via a mirror. Metronome use hardly affected the predictability of the acceleration time series. The findings underscore the intrinsic limitations that people experience when being asked to move randomly and reveal moderate effects of visual and acoustic constraints on doing so in dance.

Adaptation of multi-segmented body movements during vibratory proprioceptive and galvanic vestibular stimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Per-Anders Fransson ◽  
Magnus Hjerpe ◽  
Rolf Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Vibratory Stimulation ◽  
Movement Coordination

Control of orthograde posture and use of adaptive adjustments constitutes essential topics of human movement control, both in maintenance of static posture and in ensuring body stability during locomotion. The objective was to investigate, in twelve normal subjects, how head, shoulder, hip and knee movements and torques induced towards the support surface were affected by vibratory proprioceptive and galvanic vestibular stimulation, and to investigate whether movement pattern, body posture and movement coordination were changed over time. Our findings suggest that the adaptive process to enhance stability involves both alteration of the multi-segmented movement pattern and alteration of body posture. The magnitude of the vibratory stimulation intensity had a prominent influence on the evoked multi-segmented movement pattern. The trial conditions also influenced whether the posture were altered and if these posture adjustments were done directly at stimulation onset or gradually over a longer period. Moreover, the correlation values showed that the subjects, primarily during trials with vibratory stimulation alone, significantly increased the body movement coordination at stimulation onset and maintained this movement pattern throughout the stimulation period. Furthermore, when exposed to balance perturbations the test subjects synchronized significantly the head and torso movements in anteroposterior direction during all trial conditions.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensor Data to Track Subject-Specific Movement Patterns Related to Clinical Outcomes Using a Machine Learning Approach

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Kobsar ◽  
Reed Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Subject Specific

Wearable sensors can provide detailed information on human movement but the clinical impact of this information remains limited. We propose a machine learning approach, using wearable sensor data, to identify subject-specific changes in gait patterns related to improvements in clinical outcomes. Eight patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) completed two gait trials before and one following an exercise intervention. Wearable sensor data (e.g., 3-dimensional (3D) linear accelerations) were collected from a sensor located near the lower back, lateral thigh and lateral shank during level treadmill walking at a preferred speed. Wearable sensor data from the 2 pre-intervention gait trials were used to define each individual’s typical movement pattern using a one-class support vector machine (OCSVM). The percentage of strides defined as outliers, based on the pre-intervention gait data and the OCSVM, were used to define the overall change in an individual’s movement pattern. The correlation between the change in movement patterns following the intervention (i.e., percentage of outliers) and improvement in self-reported clinical outcomes (e.g., pain and function) was assessed using a Spearman rank correlation. The number of outliers observed post-intervention exhibited a large association (ρ = 0.78) with improvements in self-reported clinical outcomes. These findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept and a novel methodological approach for integrating machine learning and wearable sensor data. This approach provides an objective and evidence-informed way to understand clinically important changes in human movement patterns in response to exercise therapy.

scholarly journals Methodological Triangulation In Movement Pattern Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kotus ◽  
Michał Rzeszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Mixed Method Approach ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract The application of GIS and GPS methods together with qualitative sociological methods is one of the current fields of discussion in studies of human behaviour in space. The authors ask about the justification, manner and value of using the ‘triad’: quantitative GIS measurement methods – qualitative sociological methods – quasi-experiment. A mixed-method approach in an analysis of human movement patterns is introduced. Also, the role of the investigator in such projects is discussed.

scholarly journals Ensemble model for estimating continental-scale patterns of human movement: a case study of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen McCulloch ◽  
Nick Golding ◽  
Jodie McVernon ◽  
Sarah Goodwin ◽  
Martin Tomko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Epidemiology Data

AbstractUnderstanding human movement patterns at local, national and international scales is critical in a range of fields, including transportation, logistics and epidemiology. Data on human movement is increasingly available, and when combined with statistical models, enables predictions of movement patterns across broad regions. Movement characteristics, however, strongly depend on the scale and type of movement captured for a given study. The models that have so far been proposed for human movement are best suited to specific spatial scales and types of movement. Selecting both the scale of data collection, and the appropriate model for the data remains a key challenge in predicting human movements. We used two different data sources on human movement in Australia, at different spatial scales, to train a range of statistical movement models and evaluate their ability to predict movement patterns for each data type and scale. Whilst the five commonly-used movement models we evaluated varied markedly between datasets in their predictive ability, we show that an ensemble modelling approach that combines the predictions of these models consistently outperformed all individual models against hold-out data.

scholarly journals Clarifying the Biomechanical Concept of Coordination Through Comparison With Coordination in Motor Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arata Kimura ◽  
Toshiharu Yokozawa ◽  
Hiroki Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Accurate Interpretation

Coordination is a multidisciplinary concept in human movement science, particularly in the field of biomechanics and motor control. However, the term is not used synonymously by researchers and has substantially different meanings depending on the studies. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of coordination to avoid confusion. The meaning of coordination in motor control from computational and ecological perspectives has been clarified, and the meanings differed between them. However, in biomechanics, each study has defined the meaning of the term and the meanings are diverse, and no study has attempted to bring together the diversity of the meanings of the term. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a summary of the different meanings of coordination across the theoretical landscape and clarify the meaning of coordination in biomechanics. We showed that in biomechanics, coordination generally means the relation between elements that act toward the achievement of a motor task, which we call biomechanical coordination. We also showed that the term coordination used in computational and ecological perspectives has two different meanings, respectively. Each one had some similarities with biomechanical coordination. The findings of this study lead to an accurate understanding of the concept of coordination, which would help researchers formulate their empirical arguments for coordination in a more transparent manner. It would allow for accurate interpretation of data and theory development. By comprehensively providing multiple perspectives on coordination, this study intends to promote coordination studies in biomechanics.

scholarly journals Movement Patterns of Wintering Grassland Sparrows in Arizona

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb E. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract I used mark-recapture analysis and radio telemetry to characterize winter movement patterns of six grassland sparrows in southeastern Arizona. Mark-recapture data were generated by banding birds captured during repeated flush-netting sessions conducted on a series of 7-ha plots over three consecutive winters. This resulted in 2,641 captures of 2,006 individual sparrows of the six species. Radio telemetry was conducted concurrently on 20 individuals of four of these species. Recapture data and radio telemetry indicated that Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) were the most sedentary, followed by Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri). Grasshopper, Baird's, Savannah, and Vesper sparrows tended to remain within fixed home ranges during winter. With the exception of Savannah Sparrows, whose movement behavior varied among study sites, movement patterns remained constant within species across years and study sites despite radical fluctuations in the absolute and relative abundances of all species. Interspecific differences in movement pattern suggest that species in this system partition niche space according to the regional-coexistence mechanism. Abundances of the most sedentary species, Cassin's, Grasshopper, and Baird's sparrows, were poorly or negatively correlated with summer rainfall at the between-year landscape scale, whereas abundances of the more mobile Savannah, Vesper, and Brewer's sparrows were strongly positively correlated. This is consistent with the theoretical prediction that movement constrains large-scale habitat selection, favoring mobile species in fragmented environments.

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