scholarly journals Perspectives on Reducing the National Milk Deficit and Accelerating the Transition to a Sustainable Dairy Value Chain in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngonidzashe Chirinda ◽  
Chrispen Murungweni ◽  
Addmore Waniwa ◽  
Justice Nyamangara ◽  
Aziza Tangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
National Capacity ◽  
Technological Options

The Zimbabwean dairy industry is massively underperforming, as evidenced by a reduction in milk yield from 262 million liters in 1990 to <37 million liters in 2009 and a steady but slow increase to 82 million liters in 2021. The current demand for milk in Zimbabwe stands at 130 million liters, and there is a national capacity for processing 400 million liters per annum. This study used literature, stakeholder inputs and expert knowledge to provide a perspective on practical options to reduce the national milk deficit and, simultaneously, accelerate the transition to a sustainable dairy value chain in Zimbabwe. Following a discussion on the key barriers and constraints to developing the milk value chain, we explored opportunities to improve the performance of the underperforming smallholder and medium-scale dairy farmers. Specifically, we discussed innovative management, creative policy instruments and alternative technological options to maximize milk production in Zimbabwe. We also highlight the need for an inclusive and creatively organized dairy value chain to optimize stakeholder linkages and improve information flow and equity. Examples of crucial investments and incentive structures for upgrading the existing value chain and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions and carbon uptake are discussed. Furthermore, the socio-economic effects (i.e., profitability, women empowerment and employment creation), milk quality, safety and traceability issues linked to a better organized and performing dairy value chain are highlighted.

scholarly journals Circular Agreements—Exploring the Role of Agreements and Deals as a Political Tool for a Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Free Rider Problem ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Eu

AbstractA problem for a circular economy, embedded in its policies, tools, technologies and models, is that it is driven by the interests and needs of producers, rather than customers and users. This opinion paper focuses on an alternative form of governance—agreements, which thanks to their bargaining approach brings actors from across the value chain into the policy process. The purpose of this opinion paper is to uncover and analyse the potential of such agreements for a circular economy. Circular agreements aim at increasing the circulation of materials and are an emerging form of political governance within the EU. These agreements have different names, involve different actors and govern in different ways. However, circular agreements seem to work when other types of regulations fail to establish circulation. These agreements bring actors together and offer a platform for negotiating how advantages and disadvantages can be redistributed between actors in a way that is more suitable for a circular economy. However, circular agreements are dependent on other policy instruments to work and can generate a free-rider problem with uninvolved actors. The agreements may also become too detailed and long term, which leads to problem shifting and lock-ins, respectively.

Tourist Guidance in Sport Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-95
Author(s):  
Orhan Icoz ◽  
Onur Icoz
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Many

Sport tourism can be viewed as the amalgam of specific sporting activities, being undertaken by people in various forms of competitive interplay or other interaction, that occur in the places where might be instrumental to the sport and/or tourist experience. It is one of the fastest growing market segments in tourism and travel industry and is receiving increased attention for its social, environmental, and economic effects on destinations. It is estimated that there will be a larger market potential than ever for sport-related tours and tourism. On the other hand, it is well known that tour guides are tourism professionals that lead their guests through the many parts of any destination and they are responsible for planning, organizing, and execution of the tours as a very critical component of the tourism value chain. In this chapter, the basic functions and services of tour guides for sport activities and sport tourism will be discussed and the basic objective is to provide detailed information about this enhancing field of tourism for young generation tour guides.

A parametric test evaluating smallholder farmers’ training needs in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanita Kataike ◽  
Durga Prasad Venkata Modekurti ◽  
Eric Butali ◽  
David Magumba ◽  
Andrew Ronnie Mugenyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Training Programmes

PurposeEffective rural agribusiness development requires dedicated training programmes therefore, this paper is an attempt to investigate smallholder farmers’ TNs in the dairy agribusiness sector. The purpose of this paper is to study a bigger research project of the dairy value chain in agribusiness framework in the Rwenzori region.Design/methodology/approachA sample size of 100 dairy farmers were randomly selected from two Districts in the Rwenzori region. The descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) provided a basis for discussion. Furthermore, parametric Pearson coefficient test was conducted to examine the smallholder farmers’ TNs and assess its association with selected socio-demographic characteristics of the dairy farmers.FindingsThe analysis indicated that dairy farmers expressed the need for a training program. Most frequently requested topics include: fodder cultivation, quality and safe milk handling, milk marketing, calf feeding and rearing, animal nutrition and financial literacy out of 12 topics. The least desired TNs was record keeping.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to the understanding of dairy farmers’ TNs.Practical implicationsThe identified 12 key training intervention areas for the dairy farmers inform policymakers Dairy Development Authority and other development bodies in the Rwenzori region to address the challenges and improve smallholder dairy farming practices.Originality/valueThe study applies a synthesis review to identify theoretically acceptable variables that measure smallholder farmers’ TNs in the dairy agribusiness. The paper also shares the empirical evidence of a pioneering attempt to identify smallholder dairy farmers’ TNs in Uganda.

Economic impacts and effects on communities of the CSG industry in Queensland

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Nicole Thomas ◽  
Ross Lambie ◽  
Wayne Calder
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Unconventional Gas ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Social Licence To Operate

Social licence to operate is a key issue in the eastern Australian gas market as it transitions to liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting and relies on unconventional gas to satisfy this new demand. Although there is a large body of research on the environmental, social and economic effects attributable to unconventional gas activities, more knowledge is needed about the economic impacts of the coal seam gas (CSG) industry and the effects of the various stages in the CSG value chain experienced by communities. The Department of Industry has undertaken a study on Queensland’s experience with CSG development. A synthesis of existing economic impact studies relating to the CSG industry in Queensland finds that while there are economic benefits, a greater understanding of how the benefits and costs are spread among and in communities is needed. It also finds that there is little knowledge of the cumulative impacts of multiple concurrent projects in addition to the impacts of existing land usage. An assessment of effects from CSG activities that may directly or indirectly affect the economic welfare of communities in the Bowen and Surat basins highlights that while health impacts, land access and usage, water impacts, transport nuisance and noise pollution are all perceived to be significant, community perceptions about these effects change in time along with changes in the nature and scale of underlying activities. Opportunities for specific economic analysis on specific CSG activities and their associated consequences are also identified in this extended abstract, which may assist in addressing existing information and regulatory gaps.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination and Associated Risk Factors in Feed and Feed Ingredients in Rwanda

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kizito Nishimwe ◽  
Erin Bowers ◽  
Jean de Dieu Ayabagabo ◽  
Richard Habimana ◽  
Samuel Mutiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Feed Samples

Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate crops, food, and animal feeds. Aflatoxins and fumonisins are among the mycotoxins that have been increasingly reported to affect health and productivity of livestock globally. Given that the health and productivity of livestock can directly influence human food safety and security, a study was conducted to assess the levels and factors for aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in feed and feed ingredients in Rwanda. Aflatoxins and fumonisins were analyzed in 3328 feed and feed ingredient samples collected at six time points between March and October 2017 in all 30 districts of Rwanda. Of the 612 participants providing samples, there were 10 feed processors, 68 feed vendors, 225 dairy farmers, and 309 poultry farmers. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for aflatoxin and fumonisin analyses. Mean aflatoxin levels of 108.83 µg/kg (Median (MD): 43.65 µg/kg), 103.81µg/kg (MD: 48.4 µg/kg), 88.64 µg/kg (MD: 30.90 µg/kg), and 94.95 µg/kg (MD: 70.45 µg/kg) were determined for dairy farmers, poultry farmers, feed vendors, and feed processors, respectively. Mean fumonisin levels were 1.52 mg/kg (MD: 0.71 mg/kg), 1.21 mg/kg (MD: 0.56 mg/kg), 1.48 mg/kg (MD: 0.76 mg/kg), and 1.03 mg/kg (MD: 0.47 mg/kg) for dairy farmers, poultry farmers, feed vendors, and feed processors, respectively. Aflatoxin contamination was significantly affected by time of sampling and district from which feed samples originated (p < 0.05). Fumonisins did not show any correlation trends. Ninety-two percent of survey participants were unaware of aflatoxins and fumonisins and their adverse effects. This study has provided the basic understanding of the extent of feed contamination across the country and has established a baseline for future interventions in Rwanda. Further studies are needed to explore strategies for mitigating mycotoxins in the feed value chain in Rwanda.

AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM: INTERNATIONAL TRADE, DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS AND THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Geboye Desta ◽  
Moshe Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Local Actors

AbstractThis article addresses an important and complex subject relating to the link between international law and economic development. There is broad agreement that trade liberalization and participation in foreign markets play an important role in economic development. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have generally pursued a liberalization route over the past two decades, but their economic performance has been deeply disappointing. In this article, we look at seven countries in the Horn of Africa and examine, from legal and institutional perspectives, the central question of why these countries have failed to translate their comparative advantage, particularly in the livestock sector, into meaningful trade-led economic growth. In order to answer this question, we have reviewed the relevant legal and policy instruments and the literature, visited five of the seven countries, and interviewed different players in the livestock value chain. Analysis of the evidence reveals that the main impediments to trade relate to rising sanitary import requirements in foreign markets and weak institutional capacity within the Horn. The limited technical and financial resources available to these countries also reduce their capacity to meet these standards. Meaningful institutional change requires substantial involvement of local actors and it takes place incrementally and over the long term. International law can play a role in this process by promoting the rule of law and tackling corruption, facilitating capacity-building, and encouraging regional integration.

scholarly journals A study on value added dairy products and availability of milk, meat and egg at consumers’ level in selected areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
MT Uddin ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
M Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the study was to analyze the different actors involved in the dairy products value chain with their value addition activities and estimate the demand for livestock products through measuring the availability of milk, meat and egg at individual level. With this goal, the study was conducted in four districts namely Sirajganj, Bogra, Rangpur and Narsingdi which were selected purposively for this study based on concentration of dairy farming and the presence of dairy processing plants/companies. The simple random sampling technique was followed to select a total of 240 from six types of stakeholders/ actors i.e., input suppliers, dairy farmers, milk traders, processing plants/companies including their branches/agents, credit organizations and service providers, and consumers of livestock products. Data and information were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, mathematical techniques, enterprise analysis, SWOT analysis and value chain analysis followed by graphical presentation. Cost of milk per litre was highest in Narsingdi (Tk. 25.33) and lowest in Sirajganj (Tk. 19.66). Dairy farmers in Narshingdi derived highest net return per cow per day (Tk. 109.48). Investment in dairy farming was highly profitable since BCR per day per cow in all the districts were more than one. Collection point/processing plants added highest value (35.5%) to a product followed by farmers (25.2%), milk traders (28.3%) and retailers (11.0%). The availability of milk, meat and egg was higher in all the study areas than the national average. The impact of price and income on quantity demand was statistically significant for all the products. The demand for milk and egg was price elastic whereas demand for meat was price inelastic. On the other hand, the demand for livestock products was found as income inelastic. However, in spite of various problems and threats, there is a great export potential for value added dairy products along with satisfying the unmet consumer demand in the domestic market for such products. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 45-55, 2018

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE COST OF DAIRY FARMS IN TURKEY; CASE STUDY OF THRACE REGION

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Gökçe Koç ◽  
Ayse Uzmay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Thrace Region ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In Turkey, studies investigating the economic effects of climate change on agriculture are limited and there is little or no research that focuses on livestock production as regards changes in climate. In this context, the main objective of this research is to analyze the impacts of climate change on dairy cattle farms in terms of costs, according to different future scenarios and farms scales. Interviews were conducted with 140 dairy farmers in Thrace Region. To analyze the change in costs, the model developed by Calil et al. (2012) was used. According to the results of cost analysis, it was determined that climate change will lead to a 10-50% cost increase on dairy farms by the year 2044. The heat stress is responsible for 48-71% of the increase in the cost of production, where 24-52% is due to an increase in feed prices. Based on the outcome of this research, it was suggested that agricultural extension activities should be carried out in order for farms to get adapted to climate change. Agricultural supports and investment projects should be related to climate change.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Profile, Motivational Sources and Reason behind Joining the Farmer Producer Companies by the Dairy Farmers in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Gopal Sankhala ◽  
Priyajoy Kar ◽  
Devendra Kumar Meena
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Economic Profile

Collective action approaches plays a significant role in solving marketing problems like providing the remunerative price of the product, eliminates the intermediaries from the agriculture value chain, and enhance the direct marketing between farmers and consumers. In these references, a new collective action approach being popularised in India i.e., farmer producer company. So, it is important to study the socio-economic characteristics of dairy farmers, motivational factors, and the reasons behind joining the FPCs. Hence a study was conducted from January 2020 at the three states i.e. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh of India to investigate the socio-economic profile, motivational factors, and the reasons behind joining the FPCs among farmers. Primary data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule using a sample of 360 farmers selected from twelve dairy-based FPCs of three states. Data were analyzed through frequency, range, and percentage. It was found that most farmers were middle-aged, possess small landholding, educated up to graduate level. The most important reason behind taking the membership of FPCs was to enhance the family income through FPCs, better price realization by FPCs, and quick payment settlement. Due to the above reasons, most of the farmers want to join FPCs in study areas. The result of the present study helps to enhance the membership of farmer Producer Company through formulating a suitable strategy that should attract the farmer to joining the farmer producer company. This also helps to identify the motivation sources and their credibility among farmers for convincing them for joining FPCs. It was also found that the participation of farmers in dairy-based farmer producer companies is largely dependent on the socio-economic characteristics of the dairy farmers.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on the glocal management in the orthopedic craft

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Michael P. Heide ◽  
Martin S. Heide ◽  
Dan-Cristian Dabija ◽  
Barbara Kreis-Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Philosophy

Research background: The industrialized world is experiencing a far-reaching crisis situation due to the pandemic triggered by COVID-19. Economies with global value chains are particularly badly affected, including Germany. The associated glocal effects force the management of organizations, including SMEs in the healthcare sector, to place risk management on a strategic level. Purpose of the article: This research contribution is intended to provide organizations in times of crisis with a profitable outline of the intelligent use of business management tools in the Corona crisis. The focus is on the determination of significant value and risk drivers using SWOT analysis, communicative reporting and the creation of key figures for decision support. The results of the 2nd survey of the Federal Guild of Orthopedic Technology on the Corona effects show high sales and order drops due to a sharp decrease in the frequency of customers at orthopedic companies compared to grocery retailers. In the Corona crisis, both sectors are considered to be systemically relevant and are of major importance for the state community. Methods: The authors have analyzed pandemic-related secondary data in order to show the economic effects of COVID-19 for SMEs in the healthcare sector and to comprehensively record the problem. It was carried on already available data from WHO, DeSTATIS as well as specialist organs of technical orthopedics were used. Findings & Value added: In a crisis, managers are primarily challenged to evaluate and redefine their previous management philosophy. Proactive and cross-functional cost management across the entire value chain is essential to ensure the continued existence of the company.

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