scholarly journals Emphasizing the Role of Neurosurgery Within Global Health and National Health Systems: A Call to Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Wilguens Lartigue ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
Makinah Haq ◽  
Sarah Rapaport ◽  
Lorraine Arabang Sebopelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Background: Worldwide, neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost and the second leading cause of death. Despite global health capacity-building efforts, each year, 22.6 million individuals worldwide require neurosurgeon's care due to diseases such as traumatic brain injury and hydrocephalus, and 13.8 million of these individuals require surgery. It is clear that neurosurgical care is indispensable in both national and international public health discussions. This study highlights the role neurosurgeons can play in supporting the global health agenda, national surgical plans, and health strengthening systems (HSS) interventions.Methods: Guided by a literature review, the authors discuss key topics such as the global burden of neurosurgical diseases, the current state of neurosurgical care around the world and the inherent benefits of strong neurosurgical capability for health systems.Results: Neurosurgical diseases make up an important part of the global burden of diseases. Many neurosurgeons possess the sustained passion, resilience, and leadership needed to advocate for improved neurosurgical care worldwide. Neurosurgical care has been linked to 14 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus highlighting the tremendous impact neurosurgeons can have upon HSS initiatives.Conclusion: We recommend policymakers and global health actors to: (i) increase the involvement of neurosurgeons within the global health dialogue; (ii) involve neurosurgeons in the national surgical system strengthening process; (iii) integrate neurosurgical care within the global surgery movement; and (iv) promote the training and education of neurosurgeons, especially those residing in Low-and middle-income countries, in the field of global public health.

Global Health

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Euna Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Development Goals

Within its 150-year history, public health has grown from a focus on local communities to include countrywide, then international, and now global perspectives. Drawing upon the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, this article provides an overview of global public health within the broadest possible context of the world and all of its peoples. Also provided are the global burden of disease as measured in disability-adjusted life years, global health statistics, current health priorities, and recommendations for action by social workers and other health professionals.

Life Years at Stake

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Andreas Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Ethical Basis

In quantifying the global burden of disease in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), we must determine both Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lost to Disability (YLDs). In setting priorities for global health, many have felt that YLLs should not always simply equal life expectancy at death. To this end, Dean Jamison and colleagues recommend the use of a DALY metric that incorporates Acquisition of Life Potential (ALP). When an individual dies, the YLLs that we would otherwise count are multiplied by the value of the ALP function, which rises gradually from 0 to 1 during the first stages of an individual’s life. Jamison et al. do not provide a detailed philosophical justification for the use of gradual ALP. In this chapter I explain why I believe the Time-Relative Interest Account represents the most plausible ethical basis for the ALP approach and describe how we might model ALP in light of this account.

scholarly journals Firearm violence: a neglected “Global Health” issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Werbick ◽  
Imran Bari ◽  
Nino Paichadze ◽  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPopulations around the world are facing an increasing burden of firearm violence on mortality and disability. While firearm violence affects every country globally, the burden is significantly higher in many low- and middle-income countries. However, despite overwhelming statistics, there is a lack of research, reporting, and prioritization of firearm violence as a global public health issue, and when attention is given it is focused on high-income countries. This paper discusses the impact of firearm violence, the factors which shape such violence, and how it fits into global public health frameworks in order to illustrate how firearm violence is a global health issue which warrants evidence-based advocacy around the world.

scholarly journals Atlas of the Global Burden of Stroke (1990-2013): The GBD 2013 Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery L. Feigin ◽  
George A. Mensah ◽  
Bo Norrving ◽  
Christopher J.L. Murray ◽  
Gregory A. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth And Aging ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Background: World mapping is an important tool to visualize stroke burden and its trends in various regions and countries. Objectives: To show geographic patterns of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) and their trends for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in the world for 1990-2013. Methodology: Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALYs and YLDs were estimated following the general approach of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 with several important improvements in methods. Data were updated for mortality (through April 2014) and stroke incidence, prevalence, case fatality and severity through 2013. Death was estimated using an ensemble modeling approach. A new software package, DisMod-MR 2.0, was used as part of a custom modeling process to estimate YLDs. All rates were age-standardized to new GBD estimates of global population. All estimates have been computed with 95% uncertainty intervals. Results: Age-standardized incidence, mortality, prevalence and DALYs/YLDs declined over the period from 1990 to 2013. However, the absolute number of people affected by stroke has substantially increased across all countries in the world over the same time period, suggesting that the global stroke burden continues to increase. There were significant geographical (country and regional) differences in stroke burden in the world, with the majority of the burden borne by low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: Global burden of stroke has continued to increase in spite of dramatic declines in age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality rates and disability. Population growth and aging have played an important role in the observed increase in stroke burden.

scholarly journals Conceptual study of Evaluation of burn injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhada Mahesh Gawde
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
A Minor

Most burns are minor injuries that occur at home or work. It is common to get a minor burn from hot water, a curling iron, or touching a hot stove. Home treatment is usually all that is needed for healing and to prevent other problems, such as infection. Burn injuries are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 265,000 deaths. Globally, over half of the disability-adjusted life years lost from fire-related burns which occurred between the ages of 0 and 14 years. The rate of child deaths from burns is currently over 7 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries therefore review of Evaluation of burn injuries has been carried out.

scholarly journals ПРИНЦИПЫ СТРАХОВАНИЯ И ОХРАНЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ В РОССИИ И ФИНЛЯНДИИ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Molchanova ◽  
A. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Целью данной статьи является сравнительный анализ основных принципов страхования и охраны здоровья населения в России и Финляндии как ведущего направления социальноэкономической политики государства. Для достижения поставленной цели выполнена оценка эффективности функционирования национальных систем здравоохранения с помощью методики проекта Глобальное бремя болезней (ГББ) и индикатора потерянные годы здоровой жизни (DALY). Выявлены наиболее перспективные программы в области медико демографической политики, в том числе социальные инновации в сфере общественного здоровья. The purpose of this article is the comparative analysis of the basic principles of insurance and public health care in Russia and Finland as leading direction of social and economic policy of the state. For achievement of a goal assessment of efficiency of functioning of national health care systems by means of a project technique the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) and the indicator disability adjusted life years (DALY) is executed. The most perspective programs in the field of medicopopulation policy, including social innovations in the sphere of public health are revealed.

scholarly journals Global burden for dengue and the evolving pattern in the past 30 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Yang ◽  
Mikkel B M Quam ◽  
Tongchao Zhang ◽  
Shaowei Sang
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease. We present the global, regional, and national burden of dengue from 1990 to 2019 based on the findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injures, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Methods: Based upon GBD 2019 dengue data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, this study estimates and presents annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify trends over time to assess potential correlates of increased dengue activity such as global travel, and warming. Results: Globally from 1990 to 2019, dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs gradually increased. Those under 5, once accounting for the largest portion of deaths and DALYs in 1990, were eclipsed by those 15–49 years old in 2019. Age standardized incidence (ASIR: EAPC 3.16, 95%CI: 2.90–3.43), death (ASDR: EAPC 5.42, 95%CI: 2.64–8.28), and DALY rates (EAPC 2.31, 95%CI: 2.00–2.62) accelerated most among high-middle and high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Southeast Asia and South Asia had most of the dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs, but East Asia had the fastest rise in ASIR (EAPC 4.57, 95%CI: 4.31, 4.82), while Tropical Latin America led in ASDR (EAPC 11.32, 95%CI: 9.11, 13.58) and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC 4.13, 95%CI: 2.98, 5.29). SDI showed consistent bell shape relationship with ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate. Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index and air passenger travel metrics were found to be remarkably positively correlated with dengue burden. Conclusions: The burden of dengue has become heavier from 1990 to 2019, amidst the three decades of urbanization, warming climates and increased human mobility in much of the world. Southeast Asia and South Asia remain regions of concern, especially in conjunction with the Americas swift rise in dengue burden.

Global evidence generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Adesola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Evidence Generation

Disparities in the distribution of neurological and mental health disorders (NMHD) in different regions of the world can provide clues on the putative risk factors while providing basis for intervention strategies. This chapter utilizes the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) data and the disability adjusted life years (DALY) calculations in the different World Health Organization (WHO) regions to adduce reasons for the peculiarities observed. The focus is on the most common NMHD, particularly those for which preventive strategies are likely to result in improved health outcomes for the majority of those affected. In this regard, stroke, epilepsy, and depressive disorders have been given special attention because of their high societal impact and the extensive studies from different regions. Dementia deserves special mention in view of its looming epidemic in low and middle income countries (LMICs), while its burden is lessening in high income countries (HICs) due to appropriate interventions and higher education.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a multidisciplinary global health online course in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Carrasco ◽  
Patricia Fuentes ◽  
Itzel Eguiluz ◽  
Cesar Lucio-Ramírez ◽  
Sandra Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Health Course ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global Health Education (GHE) focuses on training proactive global citizens to tackle health challenges in an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world. Studies show that health professionals in training have reported that GHE has improved their teamwork, responsiveness to contextual factors that impact health, and understanding of health systems; however, there is little research on the impact of GHE courses in undergraduate settings, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Our study analyzes a multidisciplinary online global health course at Tecnologico de Monterrey, México. We conducted a cross-sectional study with pre- and post-design. Students who took the multidisciplinary course of Global Health for Leaders in the Fall of 2019 (n = 153) and Spring of 2020 (n = 348) were selected for this study. Using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree), the survey assessed seven competencies as well as questions about course expectations, takeaways, and recommendations to improve the course. We performed descriptive statistical analyses comparing the combined pre-tests (from Fall and Spring cohorts) to the combined post-tests. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the samples. Results Of the 501 pre-course surveys administered, 456 responses were completed in the pre-course and 435 in the post-course (91% overall response rate). Only 8.7% of the respondents in the pre-course survey strongly agreed that they could describe fundamental aspects of global health such as the Millennium Development Goals or Sustainable Development Goals, in contrast to a 56% of the students who strongly agreed in the post-course survey (p < 0.001). Similar differences were captured in understanding the global burden of disease, social determinants of health, the effects of globalization in health, health systems’ goals and functions, and human rights. 38% felt that the course helped them develop a more empathetic perception of the suffering of others experiencing global health-related issues. Conclusion In this study, we have presented our experience in teaching an online global health course for multidisciplinary undergraduates in a LMIC. The competencies reported by our students indicate that the course prepared them to confront complex global health issues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document