Supplementation of Yeast Cell Wall Fraction Tends to Improve Intestinal Health in Adult Dogs Undergoing an Abrupt Diet Transition

In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a yeast cell wall fraction (YCW) to reduce the negative impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the intestinal epithelium in broiler chickens. Zeta potential (ζ-potential), point of zero charge (pHpzc), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the YCW. Two hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments: (1) control, chickens fed an AFB1-free diet; (2) AF, chickens feed an AFB1-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB1/g); (3) YCW, chickens fed an AFB1-free diet + 0.05% YCW; and (4) AF + YCW, chickens fed an AFB1-contaminated diet (500 ng AFB1/g) + 0.05% YCW. At the end of the 21-day feeding period, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) was administered to chicks by oral gavage to evaluate gastrointestinal leakage. Blood and duodenum samples were collected to assess serum biochemistry and histomorphology, respectively. Compared to the control group, chicks of the AF group significantly diminished weight gain (WG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate (MR), and intestinal lesion scores (p < 0.05). Alterations in some serum biochemical parameters, and damage to the intestinal integrity were also evident in the AF-intoxicated birds. YCW supplementation improved WG and FCR and increased villus height, villus area, crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells in villi. The effects of YCW on growth performance were not significant in chicks of the AF + YCW group; however, the treatment decreased MR and significantly ameliorated some biochemical and histomorphological alterations. The beneficial effect of YCW was more evident in promoting gut health since chickens of the AF + YCW group presented a significant reduction in serum FITC-d concentration. This positive effect was mainly related to the changes in negative charges of YCW due to changes in pH, the net negative surface charge above the pHpzc, the higher quantities of negative charged functional groups on the YCW surface, and its ability to form large aggregates. From these results, it can be concluded that YCW at low supplementation level can partially protect broilers' intestinal health from chronic exposure to AFB1.

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Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2269

Author(s):

Jeong Jae Lee ◽

Hyunjin Kyoung ◽

Jin Ho Cho ◽

Jeehwan Choe ◽

Younghoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Body Weight ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Yeast Cell Wall ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Tnf Α

Dietary yeast cell wall products (YCW) are recognized as a feed additive due to multifunctional benefits by the biological response modulators. Thus, this study was conducted to verify a potential advantage of YCW for improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health and microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.99 ± 1.10 kg of body weight; 28 days old) were arbitrarily allocated to two experimental treatments with eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per pen and seven replicate pens per treatment in a completely randomized block design (block = BW and sex): (1) a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and (2) CON + 0.05% YCW. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. There were no differences in final body weight, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio between dietary treatments. In contrast, pigs fed YCW had higher average daily gain (p = 0.088) and apparent ileal digestibility of DM (p < 0.05) and energy (p = 0.052) and lower diarrhea frequency (p = 0.083) than those fed control diet (CON). Pigs fed YCW also had a higher (p < 0.05) ratio between villus height and crypt depth, villus width and area, and goblet cell counts in the duodenum and/or jejunum than those fed CON. Dietary YCW decreased (p < 0.05) serum TNF-α and IL–1β of weaned pigs on day 7 and 14, respectively, compared with CON. Furthermore, pigs fed YCW had higher (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression of claudin family, occludin, MUC1, INF-γ, and IL-6 and lower (p < 0.05) that of TNF-α than those fed CON. Lastly, there were no differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level between CON and YCW. However, dietary YCW increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of genera Prevotella and Roseburia compared with CON. This study provided that dietary YCW improved growth rate, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal health and modified immune responses and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs.

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Yeast cell wall, membrane, and soluble marker polypeptides identified by comparative two-dimensional electrophoresis

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o80-077 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 565-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. J. Robertson ◽

J. H. Gerlach ◽

G. H. Rank ◽

L. C. Fowke

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Yeast Cell Wall ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Cell Wall Fraction ◽

Two Dimensional

Yeast cell wall, plasma membrane, total spheroplast, and total soluble protein fractions were isolated from exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch cultures. The cell wall, plasma membrane, and soluble protein fractions were obtained by mechanical disruption of intact yeast cells under identical osmotic conditions. Electron micrographs of purified wall fractions appeared free of vesicular membrane contamination and micrographs of plasma membrane vesicles were free of cell wall contamination. Various stages of cell wall purification were monitored by electron microscopy and comparative two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This resulted in the identification of a glycopeptide designated 16 w in the cell wall fraction, with an apparent isoelectric point of 5.0 and an apparent molecular weight of 25 000. Protein analyses of soluble and plasma membrane protein fractions failed to detect component 16w. Two-dimensional protein analyses of total cellular homogenates were capable of resolving the cell wall glycopeptide 16w. However, protein separations of spheroplasts formed by glusulase degradation of the cell wall complex did not detect 16w. These observations suggest that component 16w is unique to the cell wall fraction. In addition, comparison of two-dimensional gels of soluble and plasma membrane proteins, with a total cellular homogenate, tentatively identified several polypeptides unique to each of the soluble and plasma membrane fractions.

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