Assessment of Controlled Substance Distribution to U.S. Veterinary Teaching Institutions From 2006 to 2019

Objective: To evaluate the changing pattern of distribution of Schedule II and III opioids, barbiturates, and stimulants to veterinary educational institutions in the United States.Design: Longitudinal study.Sample: Veterinary teaching institutions that use Schedule II and III drugs.Procedures: Distribution of controlled substances to veterinary teaching institutions was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Automated Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for opioids (e.g., methadone, fentanyl, codeine), barbiturates (pentobarbital, butalbital), and stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) from 2006–2019. Opioids were converted to their morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for evaluation over time.Results: Controlled substance distribution to veterinary schools exhibited dynamic, and agent specific, changes. The total MME for 11 opioids peaked in 2013 and decreased by 17.3% in 2019. Methadone accounted for two-fifths (42.3%) and fentanyl over one-third (35.4%) of the total MME in 2019. Pentobarbital distribution was greatest by weight of all substances studied and peaked in 2011 at 69.4 kg. Stimulants underwent a pronounced decline and were very modest by 2014.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Opioids by total MME in veterinary teaching practice have undergone more modest changes than opioids used with humans. Hydrocodone, codeine and recently fentanyl use have declined while methadone increased. Stimulant distribution decreased to become negligible. Together, this pattern of findings warrant continued monitoring.

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Assessment of Controlled Substance Distribution to U.S. Veterinary Teaching Institutions from 2006 to 2019

10.20944/preprints202010.0347.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian Piper ◽

Kenneth McCall ◽

Lori Kogan ◽

Peter Hellyer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Teaching Practice ◽

The United States ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Drug Enforcement ◽

Drug Enforcement Administration ◽

Controlled Substance ◽

Over Time

Objective: To evaluate the changing pattern of distribution of Schedule II and III opioids, barbiturates, and stimulants to veterinary educational institutions in the United States. Design: Longitudinal study. Sample: Veterinary teaching institutions that use Schedule II and III drugs. Procedures: Distribution of controlled substances to veterinary teaching institutions was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for opioids (e.g. methadone, fentanyl, codeine), barbiturates (pentobarbital, butalbital), and stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) from 2006 - 2019. Opioids were converted to their morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for evaluation over time. Results: Controlled substance distribution to veterinary schools exhibited dynamic, and agent specific, changes. The total MME for eleven opioids peaked in 2013 and decreased by 17.3% in 2019. Methadone accounted for two-fifths (42.3%) and fentanyl over one-third (35.4%) of the total MME in 2019. Pentobarbital distribution was greatest by weight of all substances studied and peaked in 2011 at 69.4 kg. Stimulants underwent a pronounced decline and were very modest by 2014. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Opioids by total MME in veterinary teaching practice have undergone more modest changes than opioids used with humans. Hydrocodone, codeine and recently fentanyl use have declined while methadone increased. Stimulant distribution decreased to become negligible. Together, this pattern of findings warrant continued monitoring.

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Between Prohibitionism and Religious Freedom: The Legal Disputes Concerning an Ayahuasca Church and the United States Government

Novos Estudos - CEBRAP ◽

10.25091/s01013300202100030009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 463-478

Author(s):

Henrique Fernandes Antunes

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Religious Freedom ◽

The United States ◽

United States Government ◽

Drug Enforcement ◽

Controlled Substances ◽

States Government ◽

The Relationship ◽

Drug Enforcement Agency ◽

The U.S

This article focuses on the legal disputes between the U.S. government and the Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal (UDV), as well as on the regulation of the religious use of ayahuasca by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Our aim is to present the main issues that were at stake throughout the dispute, especially the relationship between the limits of religious freedom when associated with the use of controlled substances.

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Supplemental Material for Parents’ Peer Restriction in the United States and China: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adolescents

Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1037/dev0001088.supp ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

The United States

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An Analysis of Fraudulent Qui Tam Actions Over Time in the United States

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.992988 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Karen A. Fitzner ◽

Charlie Bennett ◽

June McKoy ◽

Cara Tigue

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Over Time

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Educational Entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu - A Profile

Journal of Entrepreneurship & Management ◽

10.21863/jem/2015.4.1.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siluvai Raja

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

United States ◽

World Bank ◽

Education System ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

The United States ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Higher Education System ◽

The Third ◽

The World

Education has been considered as an indispensable asset of every individual, community and nation today. Indias higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States (World Bank). Tamil Nadu occupies the first place in terms of possession of higher educational institutions in the private sector in the country with over 46 percent(27) universities, 94 percent(464) professional colleges and 65 percent(383) arts and science colleges(2011). Studies to understand the profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education either in India or Tamil Nadu were hardly available. This paper attempts to map the demographic profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education in Arts and Science colleges in Tamil Nadu through an empirical analysis, carried out among 25 entrepreneurs spread across the state. This paper presents a summary of major inferences of the analysis.

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The New Economic Populism and the Future of Inequality in the United States

10.1093/oso/9780190671013.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

William W. Franko ◽

Christopher Witko

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Federal Government ◽

Labor Unions ◽

Republican Party ◽

The United States ◽

The Public ◽

Empirical Results ◽

Income Disparities ◽

The Face ◽

Over Time

The authors conclude the book by recapping their arguments and empirical results, and discussing the possibilities for the “new economic populism” to promote egalitarian economic outcomes in the face of continuing gridlock and the dominance of Washington, DC’s policymaking institutions by business and the wealthy, and a conservative Republican Party. Many states are actually addressing inequality now, and these policies are working. Admittedly, many states also continue to embrace the policies that have contributed to growing inequality, such as tax cuts for the wealthy or attempting to weaken labor unions. But as the public grows more concerned about inequality, the authors argue, policies that help to address these income disparities will become more popular, and policies that exacerbate inequality will become less so. Over time, if history is a guide, more egalitarian policies will spread across the states, and ultimately to the federal government.

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Thirty-Day Laboratory-Based Surveillance for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/675602 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 423-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edwin C. Pereira ◽

Kristin M. Shaw ◽

Paula M. Snippes Vagnone ◽

Jane E. Harper ◽

Alexander J. Kallen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

The United States ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Over Time ◽

Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a growing problem in the United States. We explored the feasibility of active laboratory-based surveillance of CRE in a metropolitan area not previously considered to be an area of CRE endemicity. We provide a framework to address CRE surveillance and to monitor changes in the incidence of CRE infection over time.

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Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87902-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Di Zhu ◽

Xinyue Ye ◽

Steven Manson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Long Range ◽

Network Optimization ◽

Network Modeling ◽

The United States ◽

Standard Series ◽

Time And Space ◽

Long Range Interactions ◽

Dynamic Relationships ◽

Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

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