Distinct Roles of Perilipins in the Intramuscular Deposition of Lipids in Glutamine-Supplemented, Low-, and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets

Piglets with low birth weight (LBW) usually have reduced muscle mass and increased lipid deposition compared with their normal-birth-weight (NBW) littermates. Supplementation of piglets with amino acids during the first days of life may improve muscle growth and simultaneously alter the intramuscular lipid deposition. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of glutamine (Gln) supplementation during the early suckling period on lipid deposition in the longissimus muscle (MLD) and the role of different perilipin (PLIN) family members in this process. Four groups were generated consisting of 72 male LBW piglets and 72 NBW littermates. Piglets were supplemented with either 1 g Gln/kg body weight or an isonitrogenous amount of alanine (Ala) between days post natum (dpn) 1 and 12. Twelve piglets per group were slaughtered at 5, 12, and 26 dpn, and muscle tissue was collected. Perilipins were localized by immunohistochemistry in muscle sections. The mRNA and protein abundances of PLIN family members and related lipases were quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and western blots, respectively. While PLIN1 was localized around lipid droplets in mature and developing adipocytes, PLIN2 was localized at intramyocellular lipid droplets, PLIN3 and 4 at cell membranes of muscle fibers and adipocytes, and PLIN5 in the cytoplasm of undefined cells. The western blot results indicated higher protein abundances of PLIN2, 3, 4, and 5 in LBW piglets (p < 0.05) at 5 dpn compared with their NBW littermates independent of supplementation, while not directly reflecting the mRNA expression levels. The mRNA abundance of PLIN2 was lower while PLIN4 was higher in piglets at 26 dpn in comparison with piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.01). Relative mRNA expression of LPL and CGI-58 was lowest in piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.001). However, ATGL mRNA was not influenced by birth weight or supplementation, but the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed close correlations with PLIN2, 4, and 5 mRNA at 5 and 26 dpn (r > 0.5, p < 0.001). The results indicated the importance of birth weight and age for intramuscular lipid deposition and different roles of PLIN family members in this process, but no clear modulating effect of Gln supplementation.

Download Full-text

Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation on Early Postnatal Muscle Morphology in Low and Normal Birth Weight Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10111976 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1976

Author(s):

Yaolu Zhao ◽

Elke Albrecht ◽

Quentin L. Sciascia ◽

Zeyang Li ◽

Solvig Görs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Glutamine Supplementation ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Fiber Structure ◽

Maternal Milk ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Adipocyte Development

Adapted nutrition can improve the growth of low birth weight (LBW) piglets. Since maternal milk is thought to provide insufficient glutamine (Gln) for LBW piglets, the current study investigated the influence of Gln supplementation during the early suckling period on development and lipid deposition in skeletal muscle. The weight differences between LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) littermates persisted from birth to slaughter (p < 0.001). However, intramuscular Gln and Ala concentrations were altered in piglets according to the supplementation (p < 0.01). There were larger muscle fibers (p = 0.048) in Gln-supplemented piglets. Capillarization or nuclei number per muscle fiber was not influenced by birth weight (BiW) or Gln supplementation. Abundance of myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms was slightly altered by Gln supplementation. LBW piglets had more lipid droplets than NBW piglets at day 5 of life in both muscles (p < 0.01). The differences decreased with age. Adipocyte development increased with age, but was not influenced by BiW or supplementation. The results indicate that BiW differences were accompanied by differences in lipid deposition and muscle fiber structure, suggesting a delayed development in LBW piglets. Supplementation with Gln may support piglets to overcome those disadvantages.

Download Full-text

Dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fibre growth and maturity in intra-uterine growth-retarded and normal-birth-weight piglets

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000465 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 1360-1369 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Haifeng Wan ◽

Jiatao Zhu ◽

Guoqi Su ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Lun Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Early Postnatal Period ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Uterine Growth

AbstractIntra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs postnatal growth and skeletal muscle development in neonatal infants. This study evaluated whether dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Ca (HMB-Ca) supplementation during the early postnatal period could improve muscle growth in IUGR neonates using piglets as a model. A total of twelve pairs of IUGR and normal-birth-weight (NBW) male piglets with average initial weights (1·85 (sem 0·36) and 2·51 (sem 0·39) kg, respectively) were randomly allotted to groups that received milk-based diets (CON) or milk-based diets supplemented with 800 mg/kg HMB-Ca (HMB) during days 7–28 after birth. Blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) samples were collected and analysed for plasma amino acid content, fibre morphology and the expression of genes related to muscle development. The results indicate that, regardless of diet, IUGR piglets had a significantly decreased average daily weight gain (ADG) compared with that of NBW piglets (P<0·05). However, IUGR piglets fed HMB-Ca had a net weight and ADG similar to that of NBW piglets fed the CON diet. Irrespective of body weight (BW), HMB-Ca supplementation markedly increased the type II fibre cross-sectional area and the mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin-like growth factor-1 and myosin heavy-chain isoform IIb in the LD of piglets (P<0·05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the effects of BW and HMB on mTOR expression in the LD (P<0·05). In conclusion, HMB-Ca supplementation during the early postnatal period could improve skeletal muscle growth and maturity by accelerating fast-twitch glycolytic fibre development in piglets.

Download Full-text

PSXIII-20 Low birth weight pigs gain muscle more efficiently than normal birth weight pigs when limit-fed sow milk replacer formula

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.939 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 478-478

Author(s):

Joseph Yonke ◽

Kacie Seymour

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Leucine Supplementation ◽

Normal Birth

Abstract Postnatal muscle growth is impaired in low birth weight (LBWT) neonatal pigs. Dietary leucine supplementation has been established as a dietary intervention to enhance muscle growth in growing animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of supplementing LBWT neonatal pig diets with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to enhance the rate of protein accretion. Twenty-four pigs were housed in individual cages starting at 1 d of age. LBWT and normal birth weight (NBWT) were defined when birth weight was 2 SD below or within 0.5 of the litter average. Each LBWT pig was matched with a NBWT same sex littermate and assigned to either the control diet or supplemented with 1% BCAA in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and met NRC requirements. Pigs were fed 250 ml/kg BW/day of control or BCAA sow milk replacers. Carotid and jugular catheters were surgically placed on day 21 for blood sampling. Body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry on day 0 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken over 4 h following a meal. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. Plasma leucine, isoleucine, and valine concentrations were greater in pigs fed BCAA (P < 0.001). LBWT pigs had lower weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily gain (P < 0.01), and feed conversion (P < 0.0001), and accreted protein more efficiently (P < 0.0001) than NBWT pigs regardless of diet. Although BCAA supplementation had no effect, these data suggest that LBWT pigs grow leaner and more efficiently than NBWT pigs when limit-fed.

Download Full-text

Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217921991402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792199140

Author(s):

Rimjhim Sonowal ◽

Anamika Jain ◽

V. Bhargava ◽

H.D. Khanna ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

Download Full-text

Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: a comparison with full-term normal birth weight infants

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-04961-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Organ Growth ◽

Normal Birth

Download Full-text

Serum somatomedin-C and bioassayable growth-promoting activity (thymidine activity) in appropriate and small-for-gestational-age human newborns

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1100032 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 32-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Thiériot-Prévost ◽

F. Daffos ◽

F. Forestier

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Thymidine Incorporation ◽

Serum Transferrin ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Somatomedin C ◽

Activated Lymphocytes ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Human Foetuses

Abstract. The serum level of radioimmunoassayable somatomedin-C and the bioassayable growth-promoting activity evaluated by the stimulating effect of serum upon thymidine incorporation into activated lymphocytes have been measured in the blood of term human foetuses. Comparison between those with a low birth weight and those with normal birth weight has shown that small-forgestational-age subjects have lower somatomedin-C (0.31 ± 0.03 vs 0.52 ± 0.03) and thymidine activity (1.03 ± 0.11 vs 1.50 ± 0.07) (P< 0.001). A positive correlation between somatomedin and thymidine activity was found. There was no difference in serum transferrin levels between both groups. It is suggested that somatomedin, and probably other growth-promoting factors measured by the thymidine bioassay, play a role in regulation of the foetal growth.

Download Full-text