scholarly journals Comparison of Intra-CL Injection and Peripheral Application of Prostaglandin F2α Analog on Luteal Blood Flow and Secretory Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka W. Jonczyk ◽  
Katarzyna K. Piotrowska-Tomala ◽  
Dariusz J. Skarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue

We investigated the effects of different doses of dinoprost injected directly into the bovine corpus luteum (CL) on (i) concentrations of progesterone (P4) and oxytocin (OT) in peripheral blood and (ii) mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (P450scc), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 β- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B), and receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) in CL tissue. Moreover, we examined the effects of dinoprost, injected intra-CL or administered intramuscularly (IM), on CL secretory function and on indicators of CL vascular network status: luteal tissue area (LTA), CL blood flow (CLBF), and the CLBF:LTA ratio (Adj. CLBF), in cows at the early and mid-luteal phases. In the Experiment 1, cows (day 10 of the cycle) were allocated to (i) an intra-CL injection of saline (control; n = 3); (ii) an intra-CL injection of dinoprost (1.25 mg; 2.5 mg, or 5 mg; n = 3 for each dose); (iii) an IM administration of saline (control; n = 3); or (iv) an IM administration of dinoprost (25 mg; positive control; n = 3). Concentrations of OT and P4 were measured in plasma samples. The mRNA expression of steroidogenesis- or necroptosis-related factors was determined in CL tissue 4 h after treatments. In Experiment 2, cows on day 4 (n = 12) or day 10 (n = 12) were allocated to (i) an intra-CL injection of dinoprost (2.5 mg/0.5 ml; n = 6), or (ii) IM administration of dinoprost (25 mg/5 ml; n = 6). Concentrations of P4 were measured in plasma samples. Luteal tissue area, CLBF, and Adj. CLBF were assessed based on color Doppler ultrasonography. An intra-CL injection of dinoprost increased OT and decreased P4 levels in the jugular vein (JV) in a dose-dependent manner in cows at the mid-luteal phase. Increased CLBF and Adj. CLBF, accompanied by reduced P4 levels, were observed 2 h after intra-CL dinoprost injection in middle-stage CL. Decreased STAR and increased RIPK1 and RIPK3 mRNA levels confirmed that 2.5 mg dinoprost injected directly into CL is the minimum dose that induces luteolytic cascade. Injection of dinoprost directly into the CL (at a dosage lower than recommended for peripheral application) results in a pattern similar to IM dinoprost administration.

Influence of Nitric Oxide on the Secretory Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum: Dependence on Cell Composition and Cell-to-Cell Communication

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Jaroszewski ◽  
Dariusz J. Skarzynski ◽  
Robert M. Blair ◽  
William Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Cell Composition ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Nos Inhibitor

The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of cell-to-cell contact in the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on the secretory function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). In Experiment 1, separate small luteal cells (SLC) or large (LLC) luteal cells were perfused with 100 μ M spermineNONOate, a NO donor, or with 100 μ M Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor; in Experiment 2, a mixture of LLC and SLC and endothelial cells was cultured and incubated with spermineNONOate or L-NAME; in Experiment 3, spermineNONOate was perfused into the CL (100 mg/4 hr) by a microdialysis system in vivo. Perfusion of isolated SLC and LLC with the NO donor or NOS inhibitor (Experiment 1) did not affect ( P > 0.05) secretion of progesterone (P4) or oxytocin (OT). L-NAME perfusion increased ( P < 0.05) leukotriene C4 (LTC4) secretion by both SLC and LLC cells. Treatment of mixtures of luteal cells with an NO donor (Experiment 2) significantly decreased ( P < 0.001) secretion of P4 and OT and increased ( P < 0.001) production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and LTC4. L-NAME stimulated ( P < 0.001) P4 secretion, but did not influence ( P > 0.05) OT, PGF2α or LTC4 production. Intraluteal administration (Experiment 3) of spermineNONOate increased ( P < 0.001) LTC4 and PGF2α, decreased OT, but did not change P4 levels in perfusate samples. These data indicate that cell-to-cell contact and cell composition play important roles in the response of bovine CL to treatment with NO donors or NOS inhibitors, and that paracrine mechanisms are required for the full secretory response of the CL in NO action. Endothelial cells appear to be required for the full secretory response of the CL to NO.

103 Effects of administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin at Day 5 post-ovulation on development of the original corpus luteum depend on the locational relationship between the original and accessory corpora lutea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
K. Hazano ◽  
S. Haneda ◽  
M. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Relationship Of

In cattle, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is administered at Day 5 post-ovulation to improve fertility. This treatment can induce ovulation of the first-wave dominant follicle (W1DF), from which an accessory corpus luteum (CL) is generated. In addition, hCG has the effect of promoting CL development. It is possible that the locational relationship between the original and accessary CLs influences the effect of hCG on CL development, because the locational relationship of the CLs affects intraovarian blood flow. The present study aimed to clarify whether the locational relationship between the original and accessory CLs influences the effect of hCG on their development. Cross-bred beef heifers (Holstein×Japanese Black, n=56) were used for the present study. The oestrus cycle was synchronized using oestradiol benzoate (EB) and a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based program. Briefly, an administration of EB (2mg) with 9-day CIDR insertion was followed by administration of prostaglandin F2a analogue (PGF2a) on the day of CIDR removal, EB (1mg) 1 day after a PGF2a injection, and GnRH 12h after the second EB injection. At Day 5 post-ovulation, the locational relationship between the original CL and the W1DF was confirmed using transrectal ultrasonography (USG), and two groups were defined: ipsilateral group (IG; n=30), in which the CL and the W1DF are in the same ovary, and contralateral group (CG; n=26), in which the CL and the W1DF are in separate ovaries. Moreover, IG and CG were respectively subdivided into two groups, with or without hCG (1500IU) treatment (IG/hCG, n=15; IG without hCG, n=15, and CG/hCG, n=14; CG without hCG, n=12). The diameter and luteal tissue area (i.e. minus the cavity area) of the original CL and the accessory CL were examined at Days 5, 7, and 14, using USG. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the diameter and luteal tissue area between IG/hCG and IG without hCG, and between CG/hCG and CG without hCG. In CG, the diameter (P&lt;0.01) and luteal tissue area of the original CL (P&lt;0.001) at Day 7 was increased by receiving hCG, while it did not change in IG. The diameter and luteal tissue area of the original CL at Day 14 were not affected by the administration of hCG in either CG or IG. Moreover, for the accessory CL, no difference of the diameter and luteal tissue area was observed between CG and IG. The present study showed that hCG treatment at Day 5 post-ovulation stimulate the growth of the original CL at Day 7, when the original CL and accessory CL are on contralateral sides. Our results suggest that the effect of administration of the hCG at Day 5 post-ovulation on the original CL development depends on the locational relationship between the original and accessory CL (IG or CG). The function of the CL affects the intrauterine environment for embryonic development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the hCG injection at Day 5 on the function of CL (i.e. plasma P4 concentration) in IG and CG, respectively.

The physiology of ovarian oxytocin

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ivell
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Uterine Contraction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Very High ◽  
Specific Mrna

The notion of an oxytocic principle residing within the ovary is not new. In as early as 1910, Ott and Scott showed that an extract of bovine corpus luteum could induce milk letdown and uterine contraction. However, it took a further 70 years before the identification of this principle with the nonapeptide hormone oxytocin (OT) was made at the peptide and mRNA levels. This was followed by the identification of the peptide in ovarian tissues and ovarian venous blood from a wide variety of species, including humans, monkeys, pigs and ruminants (reviewed in 7, 8). For the majority of non-ruminant species the levels of expression of the peptide and its specific mRNA are relatively low, implying that whatever function the ovarian hormone has in these species, it is most likely to be at the local, paracrine level. Ruminants are an exception. Cows and sheep both produce very high levels of OT and OT-mRNA – the latter attaining concentrations of approximately 1% of all transcripts – within the corpus luteum of the early oestrous cycle. In ruminants, evolution has culminated in a systemic link between ovarian OT production and OT receptors in the endometrium of the uterus, inducing there the production of prostaglandin-F2∞ (PGF2∞) which completes a positive feedback loop to the ovary by stimulating further OT release (reviewed in 10). It is important to note, however, that natural selection can only act on a preexisting system. In this case, it has developed a systemic endocrine pathway in ruminants from a local ovarian OT system present probably in all mammals. There is even evidence for OT-related peptides, such as mesotocin and vasotocin, within the ovaries of marsupials and chicken, though their function is not known.

scholarly journals LPS-mediated effects and spatio-temporal expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine corpus luteum

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lüttgenau ◽  
K Herzog ◽  
K Strüve ◽  
S Latter ◽  
A Boos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Function

When given intravenously (iv), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transiently suppresses the structure and function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). This is associated with increased release of prostaglandin (PG) F2α metabolite. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of this process remain, however, obscure. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) to investigate the expression of the LPS receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and 2 (TLR2) in the bovine CL during early, mid- and late luteal phases; and ii) to further dissect the mechanisms of LPS-mediated suppression of luteal function. As revealed by semi-quantitative qPCR and immunohistochemistry, both receptors were detectable throughout the luteal lifespan. Their mRNA levels increased from the early toward the mid-luteal phase; no further changes were observed thereafter. The TLR4 protein seemed more highly represented than TLR2. The cellular localization of TLRs was in blood vessels; weaker signals were observed in luteal cells. Additionally, cows were treated either with LPS (iv, 0.5 μg/kg BW) or with saline on Day 10 after ovulation. Samples were collected 1200 h after treatment and on Day 10 of the respective subsequent (untreated) cycle. The mRNA expression of several possible regulatory factors was investigated, revealing the suppression of PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), STAR protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, compared with controls and subsequent cycles. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4, interleukin 1α (IL1A) and 1β (IL1B) and of PGF2α and PGE2 synthases (HSD20A and mPTGES respectively) was increased. The results demonstrate the presence of TLR2 and TLR4 in the bovine CL, and implicate their possible involvement in the deleterious effects of LPS on its function.

scholarly journals Effects of intravenous infusion of E.coli lipopolysaccharide in early pregnant cows

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Herzog ◽  
Letizia Debertolis ◽  
John P Kastelic ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Susanne E Ulbrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saline Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Embryonic Viability

The objective was to characterize effects of Escherichia coli LPS (given iv) on corpus luteum (CL) and embryonic viability in early pregnant cattle. Eight non-lactating German Holstein cows were given 0.5 µg/kg LPS on 35 ± 3 d (mean ± SEM) of pregnancy, whereas seven heifers, 41 ± 6 d pregnant, were given 10 ml saline (Control group). Transrectal B-mode examinations of the CL were done at -1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h relative to treatment. Blood samples were collected at -1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. At 12 and 48 h, the CL was biopsied. None of the cows still in the experiment 10 d after LPS (n=7) had embryonic loss. In LPS-treated cows, luteal area decreased (from 4.1 to 3.1 cm2; P≤0.05) within 6 h and until 48 h. Luteal blood flow decreased by 39% (P≤0.05) within the first 6 h after LPS, but returned to pre-treatment values by 48 h. Plasma P4 decreased by 62% (P≤0.05), reached a nadir (2.7±0.6 ng/mL) at 12 h after LPS and was not restored to pre-treatment (P≤0.05). In luteal tissue, mRNAs for StAR and for FGF1 were lower (P≤0.05) in LPS- than in saline-treated cattle at 12 h, with no difference between groups at 48 h. Levels of mRNAs for Casp3 and FGF2 were not different between groups (P>0.05) at 12 or 48 h after treatment. In conclusion, LPS transiently suppressed CL function, but did not induce embryonic mortality.

scholarly journals Induction of Endothelin-2 Expression by Luteinizing Hormone and Hypoxia: Possible Role in Bovine Corpus Luteum Formation

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Klipper ◽  
Anat Levit ◽  
Yonit Mastich ◽  
Bajram Berisha ◽  
Dieter Schams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Vegf Mrna

The pattern and regulation of endothlin-2 (EDN2) expression and its putative roles in bovine ovaries were investigated. EDN2 mRNA was determined in corpus luteum (CL) and during folliculoluteal transition induced by GnRH in vivo. EDN2 was elevated only in the early CL and was not present in older CL. In the young CL, EDN2 mRNA was identified mainly in luteal cells but not endothelial cells that expressed the EDN1 gene. Similarly, in preovulatory follicles, EDN2 was expressed in the granulosa cells (GCs) and not in the vascular theca interna. LH and hypoxia are two major stimulants of CL formation. Therefore, GCs were cultured with bovine LH, under hypoxic conditions. GCs incubated with bovine LH resulted in increased EDN2 mRNA 42 h later. CoCl2, a hypoxia-mimicking agent, elevated EDN2 in GCs in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of the human GC line (Simian virus 40 large T antigen) under low oxygen tension (1%) augmented EDN2 6 and 24 h later. In these two cell types, along with EDN2, hypoxia augmented VEGF. EDN2 induced in GCs changes that characterize the developing CL: cell proliferation as well as up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 (mRNA and protein levels). Human chorionic gonadotropin also up-regulated these two genes. Small interfering RNA targeting EDN-converting enzyme-1 effectively reduced its mRNA levels. This treatment, expected to lower the mature EDN2 peptide production, inhibited VEGF mRNA levels and GC numbers. Together these data suggest that elevated EDN2 in the early bovine CL, triggered by LH surge and hypoxia, may facilitate CL formation by promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Characteristics of the Cavitary Corpus Luteum after Oestrus Synchronization in Heifers in Relation to the Results of Embryo Transfer

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Maria Jaśkowski ◽  
Hartwig Bostedt ◽  
Marek Gehrke ◽  
Jędrzej Maria Jaśkowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

The aim of the study was to conduct an ultrasound analysis of quantitative parameters of the corpus luteum (CL) in recipient heifers on days 6–8 after oestrus, and to compare reproduction potential of both types of CL in those females. Analyses were performed on 300 heifers, synchronized with two injections of cloprostenol. Clinical and ultrasound examinations of ovaries were performed and measurements of the CL were recorded. The blood samples were taken to determine progesterone level. Pregnancy examination was conducted after 6–8 weeks from the ET. Cavitary CL was found in 32.7% heifers In 48.0% of the cavitary CL, its luteal tissue area was reduced by 14.3% compared to the compact CL, while 16.3% of the CL had luteal tissue reduced by more than 33.8%. Progesterone level in blood serum was higher in heifers with the cavitary CL (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate was higher for females with a cavitary CL (52%) than those with compact ones (33%, p < 0.05). The ultrasound assessment of luteal tissue should be included in the evaluation of the functional status of the CL in ET-recipient heifers. The cavitary CL presence may indicate a higher potential of the recipient in maintaining the pregnancy.

scholarly journals 315 CORPORA LUTEA MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECHOTEXTURAL ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
E. D. Souza ◽  
L. S. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue

It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of the physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL). The aim of this study was to evaluate corpus luteum morphological and echotextural changes, and to correlate these changes with plasma progesterone concentration [P4] throughout the bovine estrous cycle. Crossbred heifers were scanned daily, using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5-MHz linear-array rectal transducer, throughout a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n = 12) or during a shorter estrous cycle, interrupted on the 10th day, by luteolysis induction (Experiment 2; n = 6). Blood samples were collected for further plasma [P4] analyses by RIA. Corpora lutea areas (cm2) were measured, and daily images of each CL were videotaped (VHS tapes) until digitized. Computer-assisted analyses of image attributes were performed using a custom-developed software. Daily values of luteal area, echotexture, and plasma [P4] values were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test to determine differences among means of each cycle day. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between luteal area, mean pixel value, pixel heterogeneity, and plasma [P4]. In the first experiment, luteal tissue area increased to a maximum on the 10th day (P < 0.05), followed by a plateau, and then declined from Day 14 to next estrus. There was a significant correlation between luteal tissue area and plasma P4 (r = 0.69; P < 0.01). In the second experiment, plasma P4 dropped to basal values 24 h after luteolysis induction. Luteal tissue area decreased at a slow rate, and reached values similar to ones from metestrus 36 h after treatment. In Experiment 1, echotexture parameters of the CL were analyzed after data adjustment to the onset of luteolysis. In both experiments, mean pixel values did not change throughout the estrous cycle and there was no correlation between mean pixel values and plasma [P4] (P > 0.10). Pixel heterogeneity changed throughout the natural estrous cycle, with maximum value on metestrus (Day 14; Day 0 = luteolysis) and minimum on diestrus (Day 2; P < 0.01). However, this parameter did not change when luteolysis was induced (Experiment 2; P > 0.10). There were significant correlations between pixel heterogeneity and plasma progesterone in both of the experiments (r = –0.69 and r = –0.48; P < 0.05). In conclusion, mean pixel values do not reflect morphological or functional changes of the CL throughout the estrous cycle. On the other hand, based on the correlations between pixel heterogeneity and systemic [P4] in both experiments, this image attribute (heterogeneity) has the potential to indicate functionality and steroidogenic capacity of the luteal gland.

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