Effects of intravenous infusion of E.coli lipopolysaccharide in early pregnant cows

The objective was to characterize effects of Escherichia coli LPS (given iv) on corpus luteum (CL) and embryonic viability in early pregnant cattle. Eight non-lactating German Holstein cows were given 0.5 µg/kg LPS on 35 ± 3 d (mean ± SEM) of pregnancy, whereas seven heifers, 41 ± 6 d pregnant, were given 10 ml saline (Control group). Transrectal B-mode examinations of the CL were done at -1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h relative to treatment. Blood samples were collected at -1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. At 12 and 48 h, the CL was biopsied. None of the cows still in the experiment 10 d after LPS (n=7) had embryonic loss. In LPS-treated cows, luteal area decreased (from 4.1 to 3.1 cm2; P≤0.05) within 6 h and until 48 h. Luteal blood flow decreased by 39% (P≤0.05) within the first 6 h after LPS, but returned to pre-treatment values by 48 h. Plasma P4 decreased by 62% (P≤0.05), reached a nadir (2.7±0.6 ng/mL) at 12 h after LPS and was not restored to pre-treatment (P≤0.05). In luteal tissue, mRNAs for StAR and for FGF1 were lower (P≤0.05) in LPS- than in saline-treated cattle at 12 h, with no difference between groups at 48 h. Levels of mRNAs for Casp3 and FGF2 were not different between groups (P>0.05) at 12 or 48 h after treatment. In conclusion, LPS transiently suppressed CL function, but did not induce embryonic mortality.

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Influences of Anlotinib on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rats Using a Cocktail Method

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/3619723 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wei Sun ◽

Zhe Wang ◽

Ruimin Chen ◽

Chengke Huang ◽

Rui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Inductive Effect ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of anlotinib (AL3818) on pharmacokinetics of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D1, CYP2D2, and CYP3A1/2) by using five cocktail probe drugs in vivo. After pretreatment for 7 days with anlotinib (treatment group) or saline (control group) by oral administration, probe drugs phenacetin, tolbutamide, omeprazole, metoprolol, and midazolam were administered to rats by oral administration. Blood samples were obtained at a series of time-points and the concentrations of five probe drugs in plasma were determined by a UHPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that treatment with anlotinib had no significant effect on rat CYP1A2, CYP2D2, and CYP2C6. However, anlotinib had a significant inductive effect on CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2. Therefore, caution is needed during the concomitant use of anlotinib with other drugs metabolized by CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 because of potential drug-anlotinib interactions.

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Addition of Epinephrine to Intrathecal Bupivacaine and Sufentanil for Ambulatory Labor Analgesia

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199703000-00003 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 525-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

David C. Campbell ◽

Robert Banner ◽

Lesley-Ann Crone ◽

Wendy Gore-Hickman ◽

Ray W. Yip

Keyword(s):

Labor Analgesia ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Prolonged Labor ◽

Intrathecal Analgesia ◽

Limited Duration ◽

Effective Analgesia

Background The intrathecal combination of sufentanil and bupivacaine provides rapid, effective analgesia for labor with a limited duration. Many anesthesiologists have concerns that the use of intrathecal local anesthetics precludes maternal ambulation. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to determine whether the addition of epinephrine to the combination of sufentanil and bupivacaine would prolong intrathecal analgesia for labor. Patients' ability to ambulate was also assessed. Methods Thirty-nine patients received either an intrathecal control dose of 10 micrograms sufentanil plus 2.5 mg bupivacaine plus 0.2 ml normal saline (control group); or 10 micrograms sufentanil plus 2.5 mg bupivacaine plus 0.2 ml (0.2 mg) of epinephrine (EPI group). Results Seven patients (3 control, 4 EPI) delivered vaginally and two (1 control, 1 EPI) required cesarean delivery before requesting epidural analgesia. The duration (mean +/- SD) of intrathecal labor analgesia was prolonged significantly by the addition of epinephrine: control (n = 15): 145 +/- 23 min; EPI (n = 15): 188 +/- 25 min (P < 0.0001). Maternal ambulation was demonstrated in 100% (19 of 19) of the control group and in 80% (16 of 20) of the EPI group (P = NS). Conclusions The addition of 0.2 mg epinephrine to the intrathecal combination of sufentanil and bupivacaine significantly prolonged labor analgesia without causing adverse effects to the mother or fetus. The intrathecal combination of sufentanil and bupivacaine, with or without epinephrine, provided rapid, profound labor analgesia and allowed most patients to ambulate.

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Progressive cardiac dysfunction with repeated pacing-induced ischemia: protection by AICA-riboside

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.5.h1570 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (5) ◽

pp. H1570-H1577 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. A. Young ◽

K. M. Mullane

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Regional Wall Motion ◽

Posterior Wall ◽

Saline Group ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Saline Control ◽

Regional Myocardial Blood Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Progressive Decline

The effects of repeated episodes of demand-induced ischemia on regional myocardial wall thickening, endocardial electrogram, and regional myocardial blood flow are not well delineated. We studied the cumulative effects of six periods of pacing-induced ischemia in 35 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with circumflex coronary stenosis. Repetitive ischemia of the posterior left ventricular free wall was induced with six 5-min pacing periods separated by 15-min recovery periods. The three groups of dogs studied were 1) saline control, 2) the purine precursor 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICA-r), and 3) nitroglycerin (NTG). During the initial pacing period (before treatment), thickening of the posterior wall declined in the saline group (43 +/- 5% of control), the AICA-r group (47 +/- 8% of control), and the NTG group (55 +/- 3% of control), associated with endocardial S-T segment elevation and a decrease in subendocardial blood flow. Wall thickening continued to decrease in each group with each successive pacing episode. However, during the sixth pacing period wall thickening was significantly (P less than 0.05) less in the saline group (2 +/- 5% of control) than in the AICA-r (31 +/- 7% of control) or NTG (61 +/- 7% of control) group. The progressive decline in wall thickening was accompanied by a further decrease in subendocardial blood flow and a rise in S-T segment in the saline group but not in the AICA-r or NTG group (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that sequential periods of ischemia and reperfusion cause a progressive decline in regional wall motion, coincident with a progressive decrease in subendocardial blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Interspecific Mating Effects on Locomotor Activity Rhythms and Refractoriness of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Females

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11120874 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 874

Author(s):

Thais de Souza Feitoza ◽

Victor Henrique Ferreira-de-Lima ◽

Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara ◽

Nildimar Alves Honório ◽

L. Philip Lounibos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Accessory Gland ◽

Saline Control ◽

Sexual Receptivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Interspecific Mating ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Activity Rhythms ◽

Locomotor Activities

This study tests the hypotheses that the locomotor activity of Ae. albopictus females is not significantly altered by the presence of accessory gland (AG) extracts from conspecific and heterospecific males, and that Ae. albopictus females remain receptive to mating with conspecific males even after receiving AG of Ae. aegypti males. Virgin Ae. albopictus females were injected with saline (control group), AG extracts of Ae. aegypti males (aegMAG) or AG extracts of Ae. albopictus males (albMAG). Locomotor activity was evaluated under 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness at 25 °C. All live Ae. albopictus females were subsequently exposed to conspecific males for 48 h, and their spermathecae were dissected for the presence of sperm. Females injected with aegMAG and albMAG showed significant decreases in total, diurnal and diurnal without lights-on Period activities. Females injected with aegMAG showed significant decreases in nocturnal and nocturnal without lights-off period activities. Females injected with albMAG showed significant decreases in lights-off activity. A total of 83% of Ae. albopictus females injected with aegMAG and 10% of females injected with albMAG were inseminated by conspecific males. These results, coupled with our previous paper on MAG and interspecific mating effects on female Ae. aegypti, demonstrate contrasting outcomes on locomotor activities and loss of sexual receptivity, both conspecific and heterospecific MAGs capable of sterilizing virgin Ae. aegypti, but only conspecific MAGs sterilizing Ae. albopictus, whereas locomotor activities were depressed in females of both species after heterospecific and conspecific injections or treatments.

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Intraventricular Pressure Gradients in Heart Failure

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932531 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 479-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. GUERRA ◽

C. BRÁS-SILVA ◽

M. J. AMORIM ◽

C. MOURA ◽

P. BASTOS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Minimal Length ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Intraventricular Pressure ◽

Pressure Gradients ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Failure Group ◽

Intraventricular Pressure Gradients ◽

Ventricular Filling

The aim of the present study was to characterize intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) in an animal model of chronic heart failure. New Zealand rabbits were treated with doxorubicin (heart failure group, n=5) or saline (control group, n=5) and instrumented with pressure catheters placed in the apex and outflow-tract of left ventricle (LV) and with sonomicrometer crystals placed in the apex and base of the LV free wall. In heart failure animals, ventricular filling was delayed and slower when compared with control animals. Moreover, the physiological nonuniformity observed between apical and basal segments in normal hearts was abolished in failing hearts. Simultaneously, physiological IVPGs observed during normal ventricular filling were entirely lost in heart failure animals. During ventricular emptying physiological nonuniformity between apical and basal segments observed in control animals was also abolished in heart failure animals. In failing hearts minimal length occurred later and almost at same time both in apical and in basal myocardial segments. Simultaneously, the characteristic IVPG pattern observed in healthy hearts during systole, which promotes ventricular emptying, was not observed in failing hearts. The present study showed that diastolic IVPGs, a marker of normal ventricular filling, and systolic IVPGs, a marker of normal ventricular emptying, are abolished in heart failure.

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The Prophylactic Use of Bovine Colostrum in a Murine Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Menchetti ◽

Giulio Curone ◽

Iulia Elena Filipescu ◽

Olimpia Barbato ◽

Leonardo Leonardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Bovine Colostrum ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Prophylactic Use

This study investigated the effects of a short-term administration of bovine colostrum (BC) in a TNBS model of induced colitis. Colitis was induced by TNBS treatment after seven days of BC (BC group, n = 12) or saline (control group, n = 12) administration in mice. Clinical signs, histopathological characteristics, expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and microbial composition were assessed. BC was well tolerated and did not induce any histological damage or clinical symptoms. After TNBS treatment, the BC group showed a reduction in body weight (BW) loss compared to Control (p < 0.05). Moreover, expression levels of TLR4 (p < 0.01), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β; p < 0.001), Interleukin-8 (IL-8; p < 0.001), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10; p < 0.001) were lower in mice administered with BC. Finally, Escherichia coli were higher (p < 0.05), while Enterococci (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < 0.05) were lower in Control than BC group. This study confirms that pre-treatment with BC modulates the expression of genes and the count of microbes involved in the etiopathogenesis of colitis.

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Protects against Lethal Irradiation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.3488.3488 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 3488-3488

Author(s):

Benny J. Chen ◽

Divino Deoliveira ◽

Nelson Chao

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Factor ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Immune Recovery ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Federal Drug Administration ◽

Lethal Irradiation

Abstract Ionizing irradiation can cause bone marrow failure leading to death. Effective therapeutic agents capable of promoting or accelerating the recovery of the hematopoietic and/or immune compartment following radiation injury are limited. We and others have previously demonstrated that recombinant human growth hormone promotes hematopoietic and immune recovery following stem cell transplantation and irradiation. Published data suggest that growth hormone elicits its pro-hematopoietic effects via action of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Since IGF1 has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration to treat other conditions, IGF1 could be brought to the clinic rapidly upon demonstration of its activity. In this study, we sought to determine whether IGF1 has radioprotective activity. The studies were performed using BALB/c mice. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (rhIGF1) was administered at a dose of 100 mcg/dose, i.v., once a day, starting within one hour after irradiation. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 7.5 Gy and treated with saline or rhIGF1 for 5 days. In the saline control group, all mice (10 out of 10 mice) died within 25 days following irradiation. By contrast, four out of 10 mice (40%) in the rhIGF1-treated group survived more than 100 days after irradiation (Figure, P<0.01). These data indicate that rhIGF1 can protect against lethal irradiation. Because one of the primary causes of death following irradiation is infections, we next sought to determine the effects of rhIGF1 on immune recovery. Compared with the saline control group, treatment with rhIGF1 for 5 days on irradiated (7.5 Gy) BALB/c mice significantly accelerated the recovery of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, B cells, and NK cells following irradiation. Our data demonstrate that rhIGF1 could potentially serve as a medical countermeasure in radiation emergencies. Figure Figure

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Effect of Maternally Administered Methadone on Discrimination Learning of Rat Offspring

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1119 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1119-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Steven Van Wagoner ◽

Judith Risser ◽

Marcia Moyer ◽

David Lasky

Keyword(s):

Discrimination Learning ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Shape Discrimination ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Methadone Group

Shape discrimination learning by four groups of 150-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. The groups were the offspring of mothers on the following schedules: (1) prenatal and postnatal methadone, (2) prenatal methadone and postnatal saline, (3) prenatal and postnatal methadone, and (4) prenatal and postnatal saline. The hypothesis investigated was that the methadone groups would show a deficit in learning when compared to the saline-control group. This hypothesis was upheld for the prenatal methadone group and the postnatal methadone group.

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The Effect of Rhubarb Pre-Treatment on Intestinal Microcirculation in Septic Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x14500761 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (05) ◽

pp. 1215-1227 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yun-Liang Cui ◽

Lv Wang ◽

Zhao-Tao Tian ◽

Zhao-Fen Lin ◽

De-Chang Chen

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Pyruvic Acid ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

The Other ◽

Sepsis Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Tissue ◽

Intestinal Microcirculation ◽

Pre Treatment

The intestine plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of sepsis development. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of rhubarb on intestinal microcirculation in septic rats. We used moorFLPI laser speckle imaging to detect the blood flow of the intestinal mucosa and wall. Using an ELISA, we assayed the concentration of lactate (L) and pyruvic acid (P) in the intestinal tissue to calculate the ratio of lactate to pyruvic acid (L/P ratio). To observe the intestinal mucosal capillaries, gelatin and ink were perfused into the intestine and subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to measure the ratio of the vessel area. We then used immunohistochemistry to measure CD31 expression. Using an MTT assay, the effect of the rhubarb extract on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed. The blood flow in the intestinal wall and mucosa of the control, sham and rhubarb-treated groups was significantly higher, while the sepsis group had relatively low blood flow. The L/P ratio in the intestinal tissue was larger in the sepsis group than in the other three groups. The microvascular area (MVA) in the sepsis group was smaller than in the control group, sham group or rhubarb group. Positive expression for CD31 was observed in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells. The intestinal mucosal capillaries were reduced in septic rats as compared to the other three groups. HUVEC proliferation was enhanced by the rhubarb extract monomers at 1 μmol/L, but suppressed at higher concentrations of 10 to 100 μmol/L. These results suggest that pre-treatment with rhubarb prior to sepsis induction promotes the expansion of the intestinal mucosal capillaries, protects intestinal mucosal capillary endothelial cells and increases the number of functional intestinal capillaries.

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The Effect of Acupuncture to SP6 on Skin Temperature Changes of SP6 and SP10: An Observation of “Deqi”

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/595963 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jia-Min Yang ◽

Xiao-Yu Shen ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Song-Xi Shen ◽

Dan-Dan Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Model Group ◽

Saline Control Group ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Relationship

Background. Deqi sensation is a complex but an important component for acupuncture effect. In this study, we tried to observe the relationship between Deqi and skin temperature changes and whether there was some relativity between Deqi and needle stimulations on cold congealing and dysmenorrhea rat model. Thirty-two female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (Saline Control Group, Model Group, Group A with strong stimulation, and Group B with small stimulation). Group A and Group B were performed with different stimulations. We found that, compared with saline control group, model group, and Group B, Group A showed that the skin temperature changes on right acupoint SP6 and SP10 increased significantly at 5 min–10 min interval. The skin temperature changes on left SP6 decreased at instant–5 min interval. The skin temperature changes on right SP10 decreased significantly at instant–5 min interval and 10 min–20 min interval. Thermogenic action along Spleen Meridian of Foot Greater Yin was manifested as simultaneous skin temperature increase on right SP6 and SP10 at 5 min–10 min interval after needling SP6, which was helpful to illustrate the relationship between the characteristic of Deqi and needle stimulations.

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