scholarly journals MÓZGOWE PODŁOŻE ROZWOJU MOWY W AUTYZMIE

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Krystyna Rymarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Speech Development Disorders ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Atypical Brain Development

Although in a majority of cases, autistic children face difficulties communicating verbally, the valid diagnostic classifi cations do not identify them as the main symptoms of the disorder. The adoption of such a position has been supported by results of (mainly behavioural) research, which imply that language and speech development in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is extremely variable and individually diversifi ed and the observed delay of its development is not unique to autism. On the other hand, the research conducted by means of neuroimaging methods shows that an atypical structure and activity of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, which are important for language processes, exist in the ASD. A weak structural and functional connectivity in the arcuate fasciculus, which connects these structures, has also been discovered. It is assumed that the changes arise from neurodevelopmental irregularities occurring at an early stage of foetal life and their causes are probably genetic. This study characterises speech development disorders and atypical brain development in autism referring to results of both behavioural and neuroimaging research.

Cognitive Functioning and Other Discriminatory Variables in Anorexic Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen García-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Synthesis ◽  
Consistent Function ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Rorschach Variables ◽  
Underlying Pathology

This study is part of a larger research study (doctoral dissertation), in which a comparative study with adolescent samples is done: 50 anorexic restricting patients (ANP), 50 patients diagnosed with depression (DP) and 50 non patients (NP). The proposed objective is two-fold: 1) To try to clarify the existing relationship between Anorexia (AN) and Depression (D), investigated from diverse disciplines but without conclusive results. 2) To detect in the ANP personality different traits from those of other groups, which should, if possible, allow to detect them at an early stage for an adequate prognosis. The current article presents the Rorschach findings in relation to the cognitive functioning of the ANP. In them, the following has been detected: (1) An information processing similar to that of the other groups, even with a more complete (L ≤ .99), more complex (DQ+↑) and better discriminated (Zd↑) grasp of the stimulus; (2) Mediating processes very similar to those of the other groups, sharing with them the perceptive maladjustments (X–%↑) and an excessive individualism (Xu%↑); (3) A clearly differentiating ideation disorder. Definitely, the ANP use predominantly ideation (M↑), but their thought, usually well-adjusted (MQo↑), presents eventual operations of delusional type (MQnone↑). Above that, their thinking is marked by a great passivity (Mp↑), which makes them more vulnerable to accept ideas without criticizing them and it results in a very inefficient thinking, which spins around these concepts without finding solutions, entering into a sort of ruminating which is completely unproductive. The differences toward the obsessive pathology are established. The discriminant analysis conducted with all the Rorschach variables that resulted as significant throughout the research, provides quite a consistent function which discriminates the ANP: MQnone↑, Mp↑, FD↓, Ma↑, MQo↑, AdjD↑, Sum H↑, (H)↑. Based on this we can understand that these adolescents, being in a developmental period of big changes and disorientations in relation with their own image, confronted with life events, and possibly starting off with some biologic vulnerability: (1) Due to the alterations of their ideation, accept without criticism (Mp) irrational ideas dominating in our culture, in which slimness appears as the only model, synthesis of intelligence, beauty and success; remaining captured in this type of mental activity (MQnone), which they cannot escape nor criticize (Mp), despite they reason adequately on other topics (MQo); (2) Their alterations of self-perception [(H)] make them hide themselves in a fantasized image, which is the axis of their interests and the only thing that really matters to them; (3) The resources they have to decide on behaviors and to finish these deliberately (AdjD), and their scarce tendency to the introspection (FD) lead to their decision of not eating, based on distorted and passively accepted thinking, which has great power and thus, so difficult to modify. Finally, based on the Rorschach data obtained, the hypothesis of a personality disorder as underlying pathology is pointed out.

The Application of UX Research in New Energy Vehicle Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan TAO ◽  
Ning XIAO ◽  
Xingfu ZHAO ◽  
Wenbin LIU
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The One ◽  
New Energy Vehicles ◽  
Degree Of Innovation

New energy vehicles(NEV) as a new thing for sustainable development, in China, on the one hand has faced the rapid expansion of the market; the other hand, for the new NEV users, the current NEVs cannot keep up with the degree of innovation. This paper demonstrates the reasons for the existence of this systematic challenge, and puts forward the method of UX research which is different from the traditional petrol vehicles research in the early stage of development, which studies from the user's essence level, to form the innovative product programs which meet the needs of users and being real attractive.

Case report: a child with cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Irina V. Vakhlova ◽  
Anastasia D. Kazachina ◽  
Olga A. Beglyanina
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Congenital Diseases

Background. In the international clinical practice there have been occasional reports of phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic fibrosis (CF) found simultaneously in the same patient. Both PKU and CF are the inherited disorders characterized by autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Currently the combination of two or more inherited disorders in one patient is considered to be a clinical rarity.Case description. This is a clinical case of two genetic disorders, CF and PKU, combined in a 5-year old patient who had been followed up since birth. Owing to implementation of neonatal screening for inherited and congenital diseases into clinical practice, during the first month of life the infant was diagnosed with CF (diagnostically significant elevation of immunoreactive trypsin [IRT] at the initial [163.2 ng/mL] and repeat testing on day 21 of life [138.7 ng/mL]) and PKU (phenylalanine [PA] level 15.9 mg/dL). Both disorders have been confirmed by genetic tests, i.e., homozygous DelF508 mutation was found in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and P281L mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene was also present in homozygous state. Child’s parents strictly adhered to dietary and treatment recommendations. By the age of 5 years the child developed symptoms of neurological disorder and disorder of the respiratory system, cognitive impairment and delay in speech development, subclinical epileptiform activity with high risk of epilepsy, and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract.Conclusion. This case report demonstrates the important role of neonatal screening in early diagnosis and timely start of therapy, and underscores the importance of continuous medication in such genetic disorders as CF and PKU. On the whole, such approach brings about a relative preservation of functioning of the most affected organs and systems. By the age of 5 years the child does not form bronchiectases, shows no signs of chronic hypoxia, nutritional deficiency or pronounced neurologic deficit, and is at low risk for the development of autism spectrum disorder. At the same time, the larger scale and longer-term observations are required in order to make the unequivocal conclusions about the prognosis of these diseases under conditions of modern-day medical follow-up.

AUTISM IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN MASS MEDIA: CONSTRUCTING OF THE IMAGE OF A HUMAN WITH ASD

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Saveleva Zh.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Mass Media

The prevalence of autism is growing, the problems of stigmatization and discrimination of people with autism spectrum disorders in society are exacerbating. The mass media play an important role in enlightening and reducing stigmatizing effects, in connection with which the goal was formulated to study the construction of images of a person with ASD in the mass media by the method of qualitative and discourse analysis of video clips from the federal channel. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the range of characteristics used to describe people with autism in media discourse is diverse, but in retrospect, dominant interpretation models can be identified. At an early stage, the prevailing image of a person with ASD was deprived of the quality’s characteristic of normotypical people who do not want to leave their world. People diagnosed with autism were referred to as the intolerant category of "autistic". Since 2013, there has been a discursive turn, within which the category “autist” is replaced by tolerant speech patterns, adults with autism get into the lens of the media, the topic of uncommunicability as a property of a person with autism is replaced by the intention of the lack of opportunities to communicate, one of the reasons for which is social exclusion. In television stories of recent years, the mass media are actively constructing the image of a person with autism spectrum disorder through his inner world, through the advantages that a person with ASD can have due to his characteristics. However, it cannot be said that there has been a complete change of the image: the old cliches, as a rule, manifest themselves at a more latent level of grammatical constructions and semiotic meanings.

scholarly journals Relative COVID-19 Viral Persistence and Antibody Kinetics

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Chung-Guei Huang ◽  
Avijit Dutta ◽  
Ching-Tai Huang ◽  
Pi-Yueh Chang ◽  
Mei-Jen Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Antibody Kinetics ◽  
Deceased Patient

A total of 15 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted to our hospital during the in-itial outbreak in Taiwan. The average time of virus clearance was delayed in seven patients, 24.14 ± 4.33 days compared to 10.25 ± 0.56 days post-symptom onset (PSO) in the other eight pa-tients. There was strong antibody response in patients with viral persistence at the pharynx, with peak values of serum antibody 677.2 ± 217.8 vs. 76.70 ± 32.11 in patients with delayed versus rapid virus clearance. The patients with delayed viral clearance had excessive antibodies of compromised quality in an early stage with the delay in peak virus neutralization efficacy, 34.14 ± 7.15 versus 12.50 ± 2.35 days PSO in patients with rapid virus clearance. Weak antibody re-sponse of patients with rapid viral clearance was also effective, with substantial and comparable neutralization efficacy, 35.70 ± 8.78 versus 41.37 ± 11.49 of patients with delayed virus clearance. Human Cytokine 48-Plex Screening of the serial sera samples revealed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a deceased patient with delayed virus clear-ance and severe disease. The levels were comparatively less in the other two patients who suf-fered from severe disease but eventually survived.

Direct Nucleation of Crystalline SiGe on Substrates by Reactive Thermal CVD with Si2H6 and GeF4

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Yoshizawa ◽  
Kunihiro Shiota ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Jun-ichi Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermal Cvd ◽  
Initial Deposition

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline SiGe (poly-SiGe) film growth by reactive thermal CVD with a gaseous mixture of Si2H6 and GeF4 was investigated on various substrates such as Al,Cr, Pt, Si, ITO, ZnO and thermally grown SiO2.In Ge-rich film growth, SEM observation in the early stage of the film growth revealed that direct nucleation of crystallites took place on the substrates. The nucleation was governed by two different mechanisms: one was a heterogeneous nucleation on the surface and the other was a homogeneous nucleation in the gas phase. In the former case, the selective nucleation was observed at temperatures lower than 400°C on metal substrates and Si, where the activation of adsorbed GeF4 on the surface played a major role for the nuclei formation, leading to the selective film growth.On the other hand, the direct nucleation did not always take place in Si-rich film growth irrespective of the substrates and depended on the growth rate. In a growth rate of 3.6nm/min, the high crystallinity of poly-Si0.95Ge0.05in a 220nm-thick film was achieved at 450°C due to the no initial deposition of amorphous tissue on SiO2 substrates.

Recovery of subjective visual horizontal after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of gentamicin

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Takai ◽  
Toshihisa Murofushi ◽  
Munetaka Ushio ◽  
Shinichi Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spontaneous Nystagmus ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Intratympanic Gentamicin ◽  
Unilateral Vestibular Deafferentation

The time course of the recovery of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of gentamicin was studied. Six patients who underwent intratympanic gentamicin instillation therapy for Meniere's disease (1 man and 5 women, 32 to 69 years of age) were enrolled in this study. For comparison, SVH in 23 healthy subjects (12 men and 11 woman, 23 to 48 years of age) was also measured. The mean ± SD of SVH in healthy subjects was 0.0 ± 1.1 deg. All of the 6 patients showed significantly deviated SVH toward the injected side-down at the early stage after the therapy. Although one patient showed recovery of SVH to the normal range 25 days after the injection, the other patients required more time for recovery. Three patients did not show recovery to the normal range after 1 year. On the other hand, spontaneous nystagmus observed using an infrared CCD camera in total dark disappeared after 35 days (median). Patients who had normal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials before the therapy showed a tendency of delay of recovery of SVH. The reasons why the recovery of SVH took longer than the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus are discussed in this report.

scholarly journals A machine learning approach to inform developmental milestone achievement for children with autism (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirul M. Haque ◽  
Masud Rabbani ◽  
Dipranjan Das Dipal ◽  
Md Ishrak Islam Zarif ◽  
Anik Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Machine Learning Models

BACKGROUND Care for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging for families and medical care systems. This is especially true in Low-and-Middle-Income-countries (LMIC) like Bangladesh. To improve family-practitioner communication and developmental monitoring of children with ASD, [spell out] (mCARE) was developed. Within this study, mCARE was used to track child milestone achievement and family socio-demographic assets to inform mCARE feasibility/scalability and family-asset informed practitioner recommendations. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper are three-fold. First, document how mCARE can be used to monitor child milestone achievement. Second, demonstrate how advanced machine learning models can inform our understanding of milestone achievement in children with ASD. Third, describe family/child socio-demographic factors that are associated with earlier milestone achievement in children with ASD (across five machine learning models). METHODS Using mCARE collected data, this study assessed milestone achievement in 300 children with ASD from Bangladesh. In this study, we used four supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms (Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Artificial Neural Network) and one unsupervised machine learning (K-means Clustering) to build models of milestone achievement based on family/child socio-demographic details. For analyses, the sample was randomly divided in half to train the ML models and then their accuracy was estimated based on the other half of the sample. Each model was specified for the following milestones: Brushes teeth, Asks to use the toilet, Urinates in the toilet or potty, and Buttons large buttons. RESULTS This study aimed to find a suitable machine learning algorithm for milestone prediction/achievement for children with ASD using family/child socio-demographic characteristics. For, Brushes teeth, the three supervised machine learning models met or exceeded an accuracy of 95% with Logistic Regression, KNN, and ANN as the most robust socio-demographic predictors. For Asks to use toilet, 84.00% accuracy was achieved with the KNN and ANN models. For these models, the family socio-demographic predictors of “family expenditure” and “parents’ age” accounted for most of the model variability. The last two parameters, Urinates in toilet or potty and Buttons large buttons had an accuracy of 91.00% and 76.00%, respectively, in ANN. Overall, the ANN had a higher accuracy (Above ~80% on average) among the other algorithms for all the parameters. Across the models and milestones, “family expenditure”, “family size/ type”, “living places” and “parent’s age and occupation” were the most influential family/child socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS mCARE was successfully deployed in an LMIC (i.e., Bangladesh), allowing parents and care-practitioners a mechanism to share detailed information on child milestones achievement. Using advanced modeling techniques this study demonstrates how family/child socio-demographic elements can inform child milestone achievement. Specifically, families with fewer socio-demographic resources reported later milestone attainment. Developmental science theories highlight how family/systems can directly influence child development and this study provides a clear link between family resources and child developmental progress. Clinical implications for this work could include supporting the larger family system to improve child milestone achievement. CLINICALTRIAL We took the IRB from Marquette University Institutional Review Board on July 9, 2020, with the protocol number HR-1803022959, and titled “MOBILE-BASED CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER USING REMOTE EXPERIENCE SAMPLING METHOD (MCARE)” for recruiting a total of 316 subjects, of which we recruited 300. (Details description of participants in Methods section)

scholarly journals The Smart Health Care Prediction using Chatbot

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
The People ◽  
Smart Health ◽  
Chat Bot ◽  
Medical Healthcare ◽  
Is Design ◽  
At Home

Our healthcare is very much important to lead a peaceful and honest life. If any health issue occurs, we need to go to the hospital and consult the doctor for the very minor problems. our healthcare chatbot is developed to help the people to predict their health issue early at home before they visit the doctor or hospital for the mi nor problems. For the minor issues we are spending lots of costs. The healthcare chatbot is design to reduce such costs and also its improves the efficiency of the medical healthcare. There were many chatbots available they act as a reference for the patient to know more about their health issue. The healthcare chatbot is something different from the other chatbots which predicts the diseases by using symptoms and gives the doctor details to consult the doctor. The healthcare chatbot is developed by using AI in the text to text conversation mode. The user who knows only to write and read can use this chatbot for their minor issue. In this healthcare chatbot, the system predicts the diseases based on the symptom given by the user using the pattern concept in AIML algorithm. The system also predicts the prescription and also give the doctor details to the user based on the diseases predicted for their symptom given. By using this healthcare chat bot people will know the minor diseases at early stage with no costs. Whenever the patient or user gets the time they will consult doctor for their health issue. This will make people to know more about their health issue anywhere at any time.

Two deoxyribonucleases from Novikoff ascites hepatoma cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. K. Ip ◽  
Shan-Ching Sung
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Ascites Hepatoma ◽  
Dnase Digestion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Acid Dnase ◽  
Sulfhydryl Compounds

Two DNases have been isolated and separated from Novikoff ascites hepatoma by ammonium sulfate fractionation and have been further purified by chromatography on ion-exchange columns of DEAE types.The partially purified acid DNase is free of any measurable RNase activity, while the partially purified alkaline DNase preparation still exhibits RNase activity.The alkaline DNase requires sulfhydryl compounds for maximum activity, whereas the acid DNase does not. Both DNases require Mg2+ ions for maximum activity. EDTA strongly inhibits the alkaline DNase activity and the inhibition can be reversed by the addition of Mg2+ ions. On the other hand, EDTA activates the acid DNase either in the presence or in the absence of Mg2+.Sarkomycin inhibits the alkaline DNase but does not inhibit the acid DNase. Actinomycin D and heparin inhibit both DNase activities.The products of the alkaline DNase digestion consist of four deoxymononucleotides as well as higher oligonucleotides, all terminating in 5′-phosphate. The alkaline DNase seems to exhibit an endonucleolytic mode of attack in the early stage of hydrolysis with a subsequent exonucleolytic action. However, the possibility of contamination by an unknown exonuclease cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, the products of the acid DNase digestion consist mainly of oligonucleotides with average chain length larger than 8 units all terminating in 3′-phosphate. No mononucleotides can be detected. This suggests that the acid DNase is a typical endonuclease and possesses no detectable exonuclease activity.The acid DNase preferentially attacks linkages of the type dPupGp, whereas the preferential linkage(s) for the alkaline DNase has not been established.

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