Acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in chicks

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) commonly used as plasticizer enters into aquatic environment from the industries manufacturing plastic products, PVC resins, cosmetics and many other commercial products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of Dioctyl phthalate on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The 96 hour LC50 of Dioctyl phthalate in Clarias batrachus was estimated as 14.5ml/L. Histopathological changes in liver of Clarias batrachus were determined by exposing them to a fraction of LC50(1/5th) dose with every change of water for 30 days.The liver of Clarias batrachus was excised at every interval of 30 days and histological changes of liver were studied under light microscopy. Liver tissues showed abnormalities. Centrilobular vacuolation, necrosis, eccentric nuclei and enlarged nuclei, Centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in liver tissue of fish.

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How much do the conventional parameters contribute to the biological toxicity of surface water in different types of villages?

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-021-00518-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Shao ◽

Yueting Fan ◽

Yinjie Yang ◽

Min Zhou ◽

Tingting Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Rural Environment ◽

Environment Management ◽

Biological Toxicity ◽

Monitoring Programs ◽

Toxicity Effects

Abstract Background In rural areas, the surface water quality is seriously threatened by pollution from agriculture, breeding, industrial and tourism activities. Even though many strategies and programs were launched for rural environment management, it is challenging to tackle the serious surface water pollution in villages. Since pollution status varies with the type of villages, there is no single parameter that defines environment quality completely. Until recently, most of rural surface water quality monitoring programs focus only on the conventional parameters, while can these conventional parameters reflect comprehensive status of water quality? To study how much the conventional parameters contribute to biological toxicity of surface water in villages, the in situ parameters of pH, DO, EC, ORP, laboratorial parameters of COD, TN, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, NH4+-N, TP, and PO43−-P and acute toxicity were analyzed for the surface water samples those were collected from six types of villages, named breeding, agricultural, handicraft, industrial, agricultural and breeding, and tourism. The correlation analysis was applied to establish the linkages and contributions of each parameter. Results The results showed that all detected surface waters were alkaline, and the concentration of TN and most of COD concentrations in all six types of villages were higher than the Class V limits specified in environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that significantly positive correlations were found for the acute toxicity effects and laboratorial parameters of NO2−-N, NH4+-N and PO43−-P in agricultural villages, and negative correlations were found for the acute toxicity effects and laboratorial parameters of TN and NO3−-N. No significant correlation was observed in breeding villages and industrial villages. Conclusion The problems of nitrogen pollution and aerobic pollution are still serious in villages, and more attention should be paid in further rural environment management. NH4+-N could contribute to the acute toxicity of surface water in the most of investigated villages, while no significant correlation was observed between acute toxicity and conventional parameters in industrial villages and tourism villages. Environmental monitoring programs focusing just on the classical conventional parameters are far from sufficient, since the main toxic contributors are quite different in diverse villages. The outcomes of the present study contribute to demonstrate the performance and usefulness of bioanalytical techniques for water quality assessment.

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Toxicity Effects of Selected Heavy Metals on Lactuca sativa and Hydra viridissima used for Sustainable Crop Production

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v7i3.13446 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Lina Maria Caceres Diaz ◽

Claudia Campos ◽

Gideon Oron

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Crop Production ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Agricultural Irrigation ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Toxicity Effects

This study examines the prospects for using Hydra viridissima toxicity test 96-h LC50, served as a model invertebrate, Lactuca sativa L. was applied for seeds toxicity test (120-h IC50) and a model plant for an acute toxicity assessment of heavy metals content in water. The heavy metals used to assess the acute toxicity of the water utilized for agricultural irrigation in arid regions includes cadmium (CdCl2.2H2O), chromium (K2Cr2O7), zinc (ZnSO4. 7H2O), and boron (H3BO3). A grading of the substances was conducted, and it was found that the toxicity levels for H. viridissima and L. sativa were, with the least harmful first: B < Cr < Zn < Cd and Zn < B < Cr < Cd, respectively. Results indicate that H. viridissima was a more sensitive indicator of toxicity for all of the evaluated substances. However, L. sativa could also be used successfully to rank toxicants in order of their potential hazards.

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Analisis Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Cempedak pada Tikus Galur Wistar

Jurnal Pharmascience ◽

10.20527/jps.v5i2.5799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Rakhman Hakim ◽

Rina Saputri

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Fruit Skin ◽

Public Health Protection ◽

Toxicity Effects

Kulit buah Cempedak yang digoreng (Manday) merupakan salah satu makanan yang umum dikonsumsi masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan. Berdasarkan pengalaman dari beberapa masyarakat, keluhan yang sering terjadi adalah perut terasa perih dan kepala pusing. Evaluasi sifat toksik dari bagian tumbuhan yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sangat penting untuk dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat karena paparan senyawa kimia dari bagian tumbuhan yang dapat menyebabkan efek yang tidak diinginkan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia dan efek toksisitas akut dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak. Kulit buah cempedak dikeringkan dengan menggunakan oven. Ekstraksi kulit buah cempedak menggunakan cara maserasi dengan cairan penyari etanol. Tikus uji diberi larutan kontrol Na CMC dan ekstrak dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB, 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia didapatkan positif mengandung triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin, dan senyawa fenolik. Tikus uji yang menerima ekstrak dengan dosis 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB terjadi perubahan pada tikus uji berdasarkan pengamatan fisik yaitu mengalami peningkatan detak jantung atau takikardi, pernapasan cepat, tremor, dan agresif. Kata kunci: Kulit buah cempedak, senyawa kimia, toksisitas akut Rind of Cempedak fruit (Manday) is one of the foods commonly consumed by people in South Kalimantan. Based on the experience of several communities, complaints that often occur are sore stomach and headache. Evaluation of the toxic properties of plant parts consumed by the community is very important to be done by considering public health protection due to exposure to chemical compounds from parts of plants that can cause undesirable effects on the community. This study aims to identify chemical compounds and acute toxicity effects of ethanol extract rind of cempedak fruit. Rind of Cempedak fruit has dried using an oven. Extraction of cempedak fruit skin using maceration method with ethanol. Test rats were given Na CMC as a control and extract with dose 300 mg / kgBB, 1000 mg / kgBB, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBB. The results of the identification of chemical compounds were obtained positively containing triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The test rats that received extracts at a dose of 1000 mg / kgBW, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBW were changed in the test rats based on physical observations that experienced an increase in heart rate or tachycardia, rapid breathing, tremor, and aggressive. Keywords: acute toxicity, chemistry compounds, rind of cempedak fruit

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Acute toxicity of Galium odoratum to the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa

Silva Balcanica ◽

10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e77816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Mariam Bozhilova

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Matricaria Chamomilla ◽

Moina Macrocopa ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Galium Odoratum ◽

Toxicity Effects

Galium odoratum (L.) is a medicinal plant with a number of health benefits, used in traditional and modern medicine. The toxicity of the coumarin in Galium odoratum is classified as high, however, no experimental data or data on toxic effects in humans following intake of Galium odoratum are available. The potential toxic effect can be estimated based on the content of coumarin and knowledge of its toxicity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of a range of concentrations of Galium odoratum water extract on Moina macrocopa and calculate the LC50 within 24 hours. In order to compare the toxicity with those of other, well-known and widely used medicinal plants, extracts of Matricaria chamomilla and Tribulus terrestris are also tested.  The results show that LC50 value of Galium odoratum is comparable with those of Matricaria chamomilla and Tribulus terrestris, and Galium odoratum has intermediate toxicity between the two other studied species. 

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