scholarly journals Influence of the Apron Parking Stand Management Policy on Aircraft and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Gaseous Emissions at Airports

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Lucas Sznajderman ◽  
Gabriel Ramírez-Díaz ◽  
Carlos A. Di Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Number ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Similar Relation ◽  
Operational Dimension

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of a hybrid apron with a fixed number of parking positions considering the management model influence for the average delay per aircraft and the gaseous emissions generated by aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) altogether. The apron is studied based on two gate management models: in the first model, the aircraft are allocated in each gate due to operational factors only; in the second model, the rules of exclusive use of each gate according to the airline are included. The emissions generated by aircraft operations and that of their GSE (produced by the service and movements on the apron) are quantified and compared in the two gate management models: operation in the standard LTO cycle of the studied aircraft, GSE emissions have a similar relation with the compared gasses (NOx and CO), ranging between 1% and 3%. Further, if it compares the emissions between support vehicles and aircraft taking only into account the in-out taxiway, the relation between both CO sources shows similar values to those of the previous comparison, whereas NOx emissions produced by GSE reach an approximately 20%. The study considers different demand conditions obtained from the average day of the peak month of Aeroparque Jorge Newbery airport. Subsequently, through the SIMMOD PLUS software, the aircraft operations are simulated. The gates assignment and the arrival timetables are used as inputs for the GSE study due to an analytical model developed by us. Once the operational dimension is characterized and evaluated, the necessary data to quantify the gaseous emissions from the sources (Aircraft-GSE), based on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) guidelines, is obtained.

scholarly journals Simulated Annealing Method-Based Flight Schedule Optimization in Multiairport Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Geng ◽  
Minghua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Flight Schedules ◽  
Regional Airports

Integrated development and operational collaboration of regional airport groups have the potential to improve capacity and safety and also reduce environmental impacts and operational costs. However, research in multiairport systems (MASs), especially in China, is still in its infancy, with the consequences of unbalanced development, inadequate coordination, unclear function partitioning, difficulty in air traffic management, and poor service quality of regional airports. Considering these characteristics influencing effective interaction and collaboration of regional airports, this paper formulates a model to optimize the flight schedules in the MAS with multiple objectives of minimizing the maximum displacement of all flights, the weighted sum of total flight adjustment of each airport, and flight delays. An improved simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is designed to solve the proposed multiobjective optimization problem. The model is applied to a case of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Airport Group. The computational results demonstrate that the model generates significant reductions in maximum displacement, average displacement, and average delay, compared to the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) principle. The model proposed in this paper can be used by civil aviation authorities, air navigation service providers, and airlines to facilitate the integrated management of flight schedules in the MAS.

Case for Exploring Compressor Water Injection for Airport Emission Reduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alejandro Block Novelo ◽  
Uyioghosa Igie
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Environmental Implications

The increasing world population, higher accessibility to air transportation, coupled with new low-cost airline models has resulted in an unprecedented increase in demand for civil aviation. The industry is currently experiencing a global increase of operational civil aircraft at a rate of 5–6% annually. This growth suggests a vibrant future for the industry, however, the environmental implications and the footprint is worth considerable attention given the expected scale of growth in the industry and the possible side effects to human health. The stakeholders involved, some of which include: airports and airline operators, jet engine and airframe manufacturers and various government bodies, are introducing measures in order to mitigate the increase in certain emissions and hence their impact. This study focuses on one of the many existing approaches targeting the reduction in gaseous emissions, predominantly nitrogen oxides (NOx). This is through compressor water injection that is estimated to reduce NOx emissions by almost half under certain ambient conditions and water-to-air ratio. Apart from reviewing this technology, the study, more importantly, presents the ideas in relation to other major existing approaches/concepts. It would be observed that compressor water injection can be more readily applied to the existing infrastructure when compared to other approaches. This technique is one of the most promising methods for reducing NOx emissions, an area of particular importance given that modern engines, though more thermally efficient, operate at higher pressure ratios and flame temperature, both of which enhance nitrogen oxides formation. One of the main contributions of this paper is the categorisation of existing approaches focused on reducing aircraft-borne airport emissions. Different technologies and operational changes are classified according to the key pollutants that they target with respect to the landing and takeoff cycle based on 11 different engine types. These gaseous-emissions mitigating approaches are analyzed based on their individual merits, limitations and feasibilities. Compressor water injection is re-introduced here as a more readily applicable solution despite its technological challenges, many of which can be better resolved with today’s knowledge.

Evaluating Fisheries Management Models by Simulated Adaptive Control — Introducing the Composite Model

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Fournier ◽  
A. R. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Biomass Dynamic ◽  
Component Models ◽  
Better Than

This paper uses the technique of simulated adaptive control to provide a method for comparing the performance of different fisheries management models. The management model is evaluated not in isolation, but rather as part of an integrated fisheries management system which includes the simulated population dynamics of the exploited fish, the simulated fishery, the fishery management policy formulation process, and the analysis of the simulated fisheries data. The technique is used to compare a simple biomass dynamic based model introduced by Ludwig and Hilborn with a more complicated length-based model developed by Fournier and Doonan. A composite model which combines the biomass dynamic based model with the length-based model was also evaluated. The composite model performed better than either of its component models.

Optimisation of RNAV noise and emission abatement standard instrument departures

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (1162) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hartjes ◽  
H. G. Visser ◽  
S. J. Hebly
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Standard Instrument ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Trajectory Optimisation

Abstract In an effort to reduce the negative impact of civil aviation on the human environment, trajectory optimisation techniques have been used to minimise the single event impact of noise and gaseous emissions of departures on communities in the vicinity of airports. For this purpose, the earlier developed trajectory optimisation tool NOISHHH has been adapted to design departure trajectories optimised for environmental criteria, based on area navigation. The new version of NOISHHH combines a noise model, an emissions inventory model, a geographic information system and a dynamic trajectory optimisation algorithm to generate flight paths with minimised environmental impact. Operational constraints have been introduced to ensure that the resulting flight paths are fully compliant with the guidelines and regulations that apply to the design of standard instrument departures and the use of area navigation. To illustrate the capabilities of the new version of NOISHHH, two numerical examples are presented, which are both redesigns of standard instrument departures currently in use at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

scholarly journals Causal Discovery of Flight Service Process Based on Event Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Qian Luo ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Zhiwei Xing ◽  
Huan Xia ◽  
Zhao-Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Causal Discovery ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Service Process ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Flight Delays ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Ground Support

The development of the civil aviation industry has continuously increased the requirements for the efficiency of airport ground support services. In the existing ground support research, there has not yet been a process model that directly obtains support from the ground support log to study the causal relationship between service nodes and flight delays. Most ground support studies mainly use machine learning methods to predict flight delays, and the flight support model they are based on is an ideal model. The study did not conduct an in-depth study of the causal mechanism behind the ground support link and did not reveal the true cause of flight delays. Therefore, there is a certain deviation in the prediction of flight delays by machine learning, and there is a certain deviation between the ideal model based on the research and the actual service process. Therefore, it is of practical significance to obtain the process model from the guarantee log and analyze its causality. However, the existing process causal factor discovery methods only do certain research when the assumption of causal sufficiency is established and does not consider the existence of latent variables. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to realize the discovery of process causal factors without assuming causal sufficiency. The optimized fuzzy mining process model is used as the service benchmark model, and the local causal discovery algorithm is used to discover the causal factors. Under this framework, this paper proposes a new Markov blanket discovery algorithm that does not assume causal sufficiency to discover causal factors and uses benchmark data sets for testing. Finally, the actual flight service data are used for causal discovery among flight service nodes. The local causal discovery algorithm proposed in this paper has a certain competitive advantage in accuracy, F1, and other aspects of the existing causal discovery algorithm. It avoids the occurrence of its dimensional disaster. Through the in-depth analysis of the flight safety reason node discovered by this method, it is found that the unreasonable scheduling of flight support personnel is an important reason for frequent flight delays at the airport.

Evaluation of Airport Size and Delay Causal Factor Effects on Delay Propagation Dissipation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110556
Author(s):  
Stephanie Atallah ◽  
Susan Hotle
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
National Airspace System ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Delay Propagation ◽  
The Relationship

The International Civil Aviation Organization identifies departure and arrival punctuality as on-time key performance indicators. However, these metrics assume a flight’s delay is a result of either the origin or destination airport, providing limited information on where delay should be mitigated in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). This study evaluates the relationship between delay propagation magnitude, delay causal factor, airport size, and charged facility (airport or Air Route Traffic Control Center), to examine if certain delays take longer to dissipate. First, using flights from July 2018, results show that most delay propagation chains originate at large-hub airports. However, these delays were the quickest to recover. Second, this study presents a regression model, predicting total propagated delay using fixed effects based on the weather region where the original delay occurred. Each additional flight affected by downstream delay adds 18.7 min on average to total arrival delay in a propagation chain. Additionally, if weather was the original causal factor, total propagated delay increased by 11.6 min compared with non-weather delays. Lastly, this study compares delay propagation in July 2018 and July 2020. Results show uneven impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the large-hub airports. Some of the investigated airports did not witness large improvements in average delay per delayed flight, warranting further research in the future. While delay and delay propagation have not been completely eradicated in the NAS during the COVID-19 pandemic, findings suggest that both have significantly declined on average.

The organizational culture of airlines as a risk factor for the professional health of pilots and flight safety in modern Russian Civil Aviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Valentina E. Bogdanova ◽  
Vasiliy V. Serikov ◽  
Anna A. Zakrevskaya ◽  
Ekatherina V. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. We present the study results of pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring the safety of flights, health, and social well-being of pilots. The study aims to learn the ideas of civil aviation pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring flight safety. Materials and methods. The researchers used the following methods as empirical research methods: focus group method, content analysis of pilots' statements, frequency analysis method, implemented in the SPSS-20 program. Results. According to the frequency analysis results, we identified adverse factors of the labor process that negatively affect flight safety. Of these, the most damaging factors of labor activity are: a violation of the elements and features of the organizational, legal and material, and economic management subsystems (organizational characteristics) - 97.5% of respondents; infringement of the work and rest regime of civil aviation pilots - 100% of respondents; stress in the workplace - 92.5% of respondents; poor-quality training - 77.5%; manipulation of wages - 77%. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the management policy of the organization and personnel is a crucial factor determining flight safety, a high level of motivation to work, productivity, and health of pilots.

HELPING PARENTS/CARERS TO GIVE MEDICINES TO CHILDREN IN HOSPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. e2.5-e2
Author(s):  
Lauren Williams ◽  
Neil Caldwell ◽  
Elizabeth Collins
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
Drug And Therapeutics Committee

BackgroundMedicines given to children in hospital are often prepared, checked and administered by two-registered nurses. Children are more likely to accept medicines given by a parent/carer1 but many hospital policies do not support such practice. Indeed the Trusts Medicines Management Policy allows single person medicines administration, except for children, but does not specify how medicine preparation and administration should take place or who should witness this. Our aim was to identify ways of increasing parent/carer involvement in giving medicines to children in hospital.Objectives▸ Measure time delays with the current administration process▸ Identify obstacles that may prevent parent/carer involvement in giving medicines▸ Identify how to overcome potential/perceived problems with parent involvement▸ Determine parent/carer opinions of their involvement in giving medicines▸ Assess single nurse checking and parent administration of medicinesMethodDrug rounds were observed to identify time delays in medicines administration. A list of nineteen low risk medicines was proposed for parent administration with single nurse preparation. Focus groups were conducted, using structured questions, to get healthcare professionals perspective on the proposed changes and to approve a list of low risk medicines. Parents/carers were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their involvement. Following Drug and Therapeutics Committee approval, parents/carers administered medicines with single nurse preparation during a trial period.ResultsAdministration of twenty-one medicines was observed under current practice. Delays were observed in all cases: average delay 6.5 minutes. Delays of 10 minutes were observed due to children fighting against having medicines administered by a nurse. Delays in 28% of cases were due to getting another nurse to check the preparation and seventeen of the twenty-one medicines observed where not in the medicines locker. Such delays often lead to parents administering medicines, despite the current policy not allowing such practice. Three focus groups, involving 12 staff, identified several problems and potential solutions to single nurse checking of medicines. The main concern was the risk of errors with dose calculations. Questionnaires were completed by 30 parents/carers and 97% wanted to be involved in administering medicines. The only parent/carer who did not, quoted: “My child will not take any medicine from me, this is part of the reason she has been admitted”. Most parents/carers (80%) felt their child would be more at ease if they give the medicine. During the trial eight medicines were administered by parents and carers and no delays were observed.ConclusionChildren often receive late medicines in hospital. Parents/carers want to be involved in giving their child medicines. They suggest children would be more at ease. Parents/carer would also gain experience to help when administering medicines at home. Nurses support parent's being more involved in giving medicines. Focus groups suggest that medicines requiring dose calculations should be removed from a list of low risk medicines and parents be encouraged to administer medicines.

Operational Consequences of Alternative Airport Demand Management Policies

2005 ◽  
Vol 1915 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hansen ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
National Airspace System ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Ground Delay ◽  
Management Policies

The current demand management policy at LaGuardia Airport (LGA) New York, must be changed in 2007 under the provision of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century of April 2000 (AIR-21). As a preliminary step for developing a new policy, this study considered how past policies, along with other factors, have affected operational performance at LGA. The interaction between LGA and the rest of the aviation system was also investigated by estimating simultaneous equations of average delay for LGA and the National Airspace System (NAS) by using two-stage least squares. The results demonstrate that the arrival delay impact of AIR-21 on LGA was in the form of Increased Ground Delay Program holding and that although delay increased markedly under AIR-21, there were also observable improvements in the ability of LGA to handle traffic. Furthermore, on the basis of the simultaneous equations analysis, it was found that 1 min of arrival delay at LGA causes about 2 min of delay elsewhere in the NAS, suggesting that demand management at LGA is a national rather than a local issue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document