scholarly journals Deriving Economic Values for Female Reproductive Traits in Lifetime Carcass Production of Japanese Black Cows Using Deterministic Profit Function

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Ogawa ◽  
Suguru Kitajima ◽  
Hayato Saito ◽  
Masahiro Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
First Order

Improving reproductive efficiency is required to strengthen the production base of high-quality Wagyu beef in Japan. We developed a deterministic profit function (P) for lifetime carcass production of Japanese Black cows to calculate economic values (EVs) for representative female reproductive and carcass traits. The total calving number per cow was expressed using the age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). Revenues and costs were calculated from calf market price (CaP) and carcass unit price (CUP). A cubic regression equation was developed with CaP as the response variable and calf market weight as the explanatory variable. A multiple linear regression equation was developed with CUP as the response variable and five carcass traits as explanatory variables. EVs were calculated using the first-order partial derivatives of P. The first-order partial derivative of CI was a function of CI with the quadratic term of CI in the denominator. Values of EVs for AFC and CI were negative, suggesting that earlier AFC and shorter CI increase the lifetime profit of Japanese Black cows through producing higher numbers of feeder cattle per cow. However, this might bring benefit to only calf-producing farmers. The results would contribute to achieving sustainable high-quality Wagyu beef production.

Estimation of economic values for selection indices

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Melton ◽  
Earl O. Heady ◽  
Richard L. Willham
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
First Order ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Production Conditions

ABSTRACTA procedure to estimate economic values for use in selection indices is developed. A profit function is specified and a production function that links output to the several inputs developed. The profit function is maximized by equating the partial derivatives of the function with respect to each input to zero and simultaneously solving the resulting system of first-order equations for optimal levels of the variables. These variables include economic values for animal traits and levels of exogenous, producer-supplied inputs. The economic values are then used in a selection index. The resulting index value is therefore determined by the average values of the traits, the available inputs and their prices, output price and the specified production function. The procedure has the flexibility, through varying these parameters, to provide index solutions that are tailored to suit individual production conditions. A numerical example is provided.

Predicting soil nitrogen supply from soil properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
Alex Georgallas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Prediction Function ◽  
Prediction Functions ◽  
Satisfactory Prediction ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

Dessureault-Rompré, J., Zebarth, B. J., Burton, D. L. and Georgallas, A. 2015. Predicting soil nitrogen supply from soil properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 63–75. Prediction functions based on simple kinetic models can be used to estimate soil N mineralization as an aid to improved fertilizer N management, but require long-term incubations to obtain the necessary parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of predicting the mineralizable N parameters necessary to implement prediction functions and in addition to verify their efficiency in modeling soil N supply (SNS) over a growing season. To implement a prediction function based on a first-order (F) kinetic model, a regression equation was developed using a data base of 92 soils, which accounted for 65% of the variance in potentially mineralizable N (N 0) using soil total N (STN) and Pool I, a labile mineralizable N pool. However, the F prediction function did not provide satisfactory prediction (R 2=0.17–0.18) of SNS when compared with a field-based measure of SNS (PASNS) if values of N 0 were predicted from the regression equation. We also examined a two-pool zero- plus first-order (ZF) prediction function. A regression model was developed including soil organic C and Pool I and explained 66% of the variance in k S , the rate constant of the zero-order pool. In addition, a regression equation was developed which explained 86% of the variance in the size of the first-order pool, N L , from Pool I. The ZF prediction function provided satisfactory prediction of SNS (R 2=0.41–0.49) using both measured and predicted values of k S and N L . This study demonstrated a simple prediction function can be used to estimate SNS over a growing season where the mineralizable N parameters are predicted from simple soil properties using regression equations.

First-order nonparaxial scalar theory of surface and bulk scattering for high-quality optical coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepeng Zhang ◽  
Renshuai Huang ◽  
Xiaoxi Tian ◽  
Yinhua Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coatings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scalar Theory ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bulk Scattering

scholarly journals The Effect of Carcass Traits on Economic Values in Hanwoo

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Jae Lee ◽  
Seung-Deok Choi ◽  
Chang-Gwon Dang ◽  
Suk-Nam Kang ◽  
Nae-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Economic Values

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Correlations of Primal Cut Yields with Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Naserkheil ◽  
Deukmin Lee ◽  
Kihoon Chung ◽  
Mi Na Park ◽  
Hossein Mehrban
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

This study was carried out to estimate the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations between the carcass traits and primal cut yields in Hanwoo cattle. Carcass traits comprising 5622 records included back fat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS). The 10 primal cut yields from 3467 Hanwoo steers included the tenderloin (TLN), sirloin (SLN), striploin (STLN), chuck (CHK), brisket (BSK), top round (TRD), bottom round (BRD), rib (RB), shank (SK), and flank (FK). In addition, three composite traits were formed by combining primal cut yields as novel traits according to consumer preferences and market price: high-value cuts (HVC), medium-value cuts (MVC), and low-value cuts (LVC). Heritability estimates for the interest of traits were moderate to high, ranging from 0.21 ± 0.04 for CHK to 0.59 ± 0.05 for MS. Except genetic correlations between RB and other primal cut traits, favorable and moderate to high correlations were observed among the yields of primal cut that ranged from 0.38 ± 0.14 (CHK and FK) to 0.93 ± 0.01 (TRD and BRD). Moreover, the estimated genetic correlations of CW and EMA with primal cut yields and three composite traits were positive and moderate to strong, except for BFT, which was negative. These results indicate that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits, and selection to increase the yields of primal cuts can lead to considerable profitability in the Hanwoo beef industry.

scholarly journals Optimum Techniques for the Conversion of Space Rectangular and Curvilinear Coordinates

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Gafar Suara ◽  
Timothy Oluwadare Idowu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Curvilinear Coordinates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Order Accuracy ◽  
First Order ◽  
Optimum Technique ◽  
Rectangular Coordinates ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Reduced Coordinates ◽  
Coordinate Conversion

Conversion between space rectangular (X, Y, Z) and curvilinear (φ, λ, h) coordinates is an important task in the field of Surveying, geodesy, positioning, navigation, mapping etc. Different techniques which include iterative methods, non-iterative techniques and closed form algebraic methods have been applied over the years to carry out the coordinate conversion. However, the results obtained using these techniques are deficient in one way or the other due to the inherent limitations such as inability to produce results for curvilinear coordinates when the values of X, Y and Z are subsequently or simultaneously equal to zero. Therefore, this study attempts to put forth an optimum coordinate conversion technique between space rectangular and curvilinear coordinates. The data used are coordinates of points which include the space rectangular coordinates and their equivalent curvilinear coordinates. They were observed and processed in Nigeria using Doppler 9 software by African Doppler Survey (ADOS) and they were confirmed to be of first order accuracy and hence of high quality. The data processing involved the design of the optimum techniques equations, coding of the algorithms and necessary computations to obtain results. Analyzing the results obtained, it can be inferred that the designed optimum model has successfully carried out the conversion between space rectangular and curvilinear coordinates. Therefore, the optimum technique model is recommended for use for the conversions from Space rectangular coordinates to Geocentric, Geodetic, Reduced coordinates and vice versa.

Economic values of reproductive, growth, feed efficiency and carcass traits in Nellore cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia M. Souza ◽  
Fernando B. Lopes ◽  
Guilherme J. M. Rosa ◽  
Cláudio U. Magnabosco
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Nellore Cattle

A note on the estimation of economic values for selection indices

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Profit Function ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Selection Indices

ABSTRACTA procedure has recently been developed for estimating economic values which employs a profit function implying that animals with mean values for variates in the profit function give the most profit. However, the proposed index selects extreme animals, a paradox which is explained by showing that the index is appropriate for only part of the profit function. More appropriate selection indices are developed and illustrated graphically.

scholarly journals CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION FOR SALMONIDAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. Iegorov ◽  
L. Fihurska ◽  
O. Tsiundyk ◽  
Y. Morozovska
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Substances

The article considers the benefits of growing salmon fish in ponds, pools, cages, as well as in lakes and reservoirs in comparison with natural conditions. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48 %, and in Ukraine is about 7 %. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48%, and in Ukraine it is about 7%. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The relevance of salmon fish breeding is substantiated, it allows for a relatively short period of time (up to 2 years) to obtain fish with a market weight of up to 3.0 kg The state of salmon cultivation in Ukraine is considered, about 1,500 tons of salmon are marketed annually. The need for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish in relation to natural feed is substantiated. Compound feed expenses per 1 kg of salmon fish mass increase in relation to wild fish feed expenses are presented. The need for salmon fishes for nutrients and biologically active substances for the manufacture of nutritious compound feeds, due to the production of high quality salmon, is presented. The types of compound feeds, their advantages and saving of feeding are presented. Technological methods for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish are analyzed, such as dry or wet granulation, extrusion, briquetting, compound feed production by knurling, microencapsulation of granules and paste-like compound feeds. Ready-made feed should be balanced, waterresistant, have reduced fragility, feed costs for fish growth should be minimal and have increased fish productivity. All types of feed should be completely eaten by fish, absorbed as much as possible, not secrete dyes, not lead to liver obesity, provide fish with a balanced amount of nutritious and biologically active substances. The state of domestic feed mills for the production of high-quality feed for salmon fish is analyzed. Because of it, in order to the advent of new recipes and methods of feeding, the technology for the production of animal feed for these fish species is being improved.

scholarly journals Electroweak phase transition triggered by fermion sector

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Hong Cao ◽  
Katsuya Hashino ◽  
Xu-Xiang Li ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Jiang-Hao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Mass Hierarchy ◽  
Higgs Potential ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Quartic Term ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract To realize first-order electroweak phase transition, it is necessary to generate a barrier in the thermal Higgs potential, which is usually triggered by scalar degree of freedom. We instead investigate phase transition patterns in pure fermion extensions of the standard model, and find that additional fermions with mass hierarchy and mixing could develop such a barrier and realize a strongly first-order phase transition in such models. In the Higgs potential with polynomial parametrization, the barrier can be generated in the following two patterns by fermionic reduction effects: (I) positive quadratic term, negative cubic term and positive quartic term or (II) positive quadratic term, negative quartic term and positive higher dimensional term, such as dimensional 6 operator.

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