scholarly journals Growth of Pancreas and Intestinal Enzyme Activities in Growing Goats: Influence of a Low-Protein Diet

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
Wenxun Chen ◽  
Qiongxian Yan ◽  
Zhixiong He ◽  
Zhiliang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Intestinal Enzyme ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Control Protein

A dependence between dietary protein and starch levels flowing to the duodenum has been characterized in monogastric animals for optimal enzymatic secretions of the pancreas, but those in ruminants remain unclarified. The present experiment was conveyed to assess the pancreas growth and mRNA expression of the small intestine enzymes in growing goats fed a low-protein diet. Twenty-four Liuyang goats (19.55 ± 3.55 of body weight (BW)) and aged approximately 8 months were randomly assigned to either a control protein diet (NP: 10.77% CP) or a low-protein diet (LP: 5.52% CP) for 70 days. The results show that no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the pancreas growth indices between the groups. Pancreas and small intestine α-amylase and lipase activities were unaffected (p > 0.05) by the LP diet, while activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were decreased (p < 0.05). The LP diet reduced (p < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the duodenum and jejunum, and had no effects (p > 0.05) on the mRNA expressions of α-amylase and lipase. Goats fed with the LP diet had higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of cholecystokinin and insulin than those fed with the NP diet. In conclusion, feeding an LP diet (5.52% CP) had no profound influence on pancreas growth and digestive enzyme synthesis in goats.

scholarly journals Comparative changes between pancreas and pancreatic juice digestive enzyme contents during nutritional rehabilitation following severe protein malnutrition in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Mohamed-Benkada ◽  
Jacques Belleville ◽  
Josiane Prost
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Depletion ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Low Protein

The relationship between digestive enzyme activities in the pancreas and pancreatic juice was studied in post-weaning rats fed on a low-protein diet (30 g cereal protein/kg) for 1 month and a refeeding balanced diet (235 g mixed protein/kg) for the following 3 months. A control group was fed on the balanced diet for 4 months. At the end of malnutrition and at various times of refeeding, activities of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), trypsin(EC 3.4.21.4), chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1), lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and cholesterolesterase (EC 3.1.1.13) in pancreas and pancreatic juice were measured. Recovery of body and pancreas weights was obtained after 3 months of refeeding. Pancreas offered a higher resistance to the low-protein diet; a quicker recovery than that of the whole organism was observed during refeeding. Protein and RNA contents of pancreatic cells were depressed by protein depletion. At the end of refeeding, pancreatic and cell RNA contents were still depressed. In pancreas and pancreatic juice, protein depletion produced a decrease in enzyme activities, with the exception of phospholipase A2 and cholesterolesterase. During refeeding, activities were increased to various levels in pancreatic juice and pancreas. In pancreatic juice, a deficit in enzyme activities still prevailed at the end of refeeding. The retention thresholds (total activity in pancreas v. activity per h in pancreatic juice) of hydrolases were increased by malnutrition. They were all decreased by refeeding at various rates, but after 3 months of refeeding the thresholds were still markedly increased for all enzymes studied. After malnutrition and during refeeding, the dissociated enzyme activities in pancreas and pancreatic juice could be the expression of an alteration at different stages: synthesis, intracellular transport, storage mechanisms and secretion.

Scanning electron microscope studies of the small intestine of rats maintained on a low protein diet and infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Martin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryIn undernourished rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis partial villus atrophy was observed in large areas of the anterior and posterior regions of the intestine. In addition, the following changes in structure were observed; some areas of the intestine contained misshapen villi which lacked microvilli on the lateral surfaces; cell-like bodies devoid of microvilli appeared to be budded off from the sides and tips of some malformed villi and there appeared to be extensive leakage of blood constituents into the lumen of the intestine. Morphological changes were present up to day 24 of the infection when the experiment was terminated. The possible consequences of the extensive breakdown of villus structure are discussed.

Hepatic Ultrastructure Changes Induced by Lithocholic Acid

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Addition of lithocholic acid (LCA), a naturally occurring bile acid in mammals, to a low protein diet fed to rats induced marked inflammatory reaction in the hepatic cells followed by hydropic degeneration and ductular cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by dilatation and hyperplasia of the common bile duct and formation of “gallstones”. All these changes were reversible when LCA was withdrawn from the low protein diet except for the hardened gallstones which persisted.Electron microscopic studies revealed marked alterations in the hepatic cells. Early changes included disorganization, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and detachment of its ribosomes. Free ribosomes, either singly or arranged in small clusters were frequently seen in most of the hepatic cells. Vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was often encountered as early as one week after the administration of LCA (Fig. 1).

Economic Effects of Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease with Low-Protein Diet

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Saverio Mennini ◽  
Simone Russo ◽  
Andrea Marcellusi ◽  
Giuseppe Quintaliani ◽  
Denis Fouque
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Jessie Barnes ◽  
Jacob Burchkonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: &gt;CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

Effect of low-protein diet and its duration on hair composition

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Metwalli ◽  
S. I. Salem ◽  
S. L. Abdel-Razik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Typical gut indigenous bacteria in ICR mice fed a soy protein-based normal or low-protein diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Saori Nakamura ◽  
Takashi Kuda ◽  
Yuko Midorikawa ◽  
Hajime Takahashi ◽  
Bon Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Low Protein
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