scholarly journals Agronomic Growth Performance of Super Rice under Water-Saving Irrigation Methods with Different Water-Controlled Thresholds in Different Growth Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxin Zheng ◽  
Zhanyu Zhang ◽  
Shurong Hao ◽  
Wenmeng Chen ◽  
Yongchun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Many water-saving techniques have been developed for rice production in response to irrigation water scarcity. The selection of the water-saving methods and the optimum thresholds for obtaining maximum benefits of these regimes are largely site-specific depending mainly on soil type, soil texture, and the environment. A two-year (2017 and 2018) experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of the agronomic growth performance, yield, and water use of super rice varieties under different irrigation regimes in Jiangsu Province, China. The irrigation regimes were comprised of different water-controlled thresholds, in different growth stages. Treatments included traditional flooding irrigation (FI, as the control) and the following four water-saving irrigation (WSI) regimes: shallow adjusting irrigation (WSI1), rainwater-catching and controlled irrigation (WSI2), controlled irrigation (WSI3), and drought planting with straw mulching (WSI4). The results showed that WSI treatments significantly increased the irrigation water use efficiency by 20.60% to 56.92% as compared with FI. The WSI treatments significantly decreased the crop evapotranspiration during the rice growth period. The grain yields of WSI1, WSI2, and WSI3 were significantly increased (6.62%~7.20% for WSI1, 8.21%~12.39% for WSI2, and 8.30%~12.91% for WSI3) as compared with that of the control, whereas WSI4 decreased the rice yield by 11.69%~18.10%. This research implies that WSI2 and WSI3 have the greatest potential for promotion in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. An optimization of the irrigation threshold of WSI1 and WSI4 should be considered to guarantee the overall benefit.

scholarly journals An Analytical View on Water Use Efficiency of Some Main Crops Grown in the Non-costal Parts of Thrace Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Recep Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Thrace Region

The article contains data obtained from evaluations related to irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), for the main crops, irrigated at different stages of growth, on the basis of some findings obtained in the Research Institute in Kırklareli. Each of the experimental crops was sown and farmed following procedures applied by the farmers in the region, except of the irrigation applications which were based on the sensitivity of a certain crop to water shortage in the soil, during the specific growth stages. Similar procedures were applied and all the experimental treatments were irrigated at growth stages, as predicted in the research methodology, and water amounts required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity were implied. Evaluation data obtained from the field experiments with three major crops, grown on the non-coastal lands of Thrace Region showed, that the productivity of irrigation water, as well as water use efficiencies of all analysed crops, are growth stage controlled. The highest IWUE and WUE efficiencies of 0.87 and 0.92 kg da-1 m-3; and 1.08 kg da-1 m-3 and 0.81 kg da-1 m-3; were determined for wheat and sunflower crops, irrigated at booting and flowering stages, respectively. Each m3 of irrigation water, applied during the most sensitive fruit formation stage (Ff) of pumpkin crop, provided additionally 8.47 kg da-1 fruit yield, 8.09 fruit numbers and 0.28 kg da-1 seed yields, more than those of rainfed farming (R).

scholarly journals Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Onion Crop

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Rop ◽  
Emmanuel C. Kipkorir ◽  
John K. Taragon
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>The broad objective of this study was to test Deficit Irrigation (DI) as an appropriate irrigation management strategy to improve crop water productivity and give optimum onion crop yield. A field trial was conducted with drip irrigation system of six irrigation treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The crop was subjected to six water stress levels 100% ETc (T100), 90% ETc (T90), 80% ETc (T80), 70% ETc (T70), 60% ETc (T60) and 50% ETc (T50) at vegetative and late season growth stages. The onion yield and quality based on physical characteristics and irrigation water use efficiency were determined. The results indicated that the variation in yield ranged from 34.4 ton/ha to 18.9 ton/ha and the bulb size ranged from 64 mm to 35 mm in diameter for T100 and T50 respectively. Irrigation water use efficiency values decreased with increasing water application level with the highest of 16.2 kg/ha/mm at T50, and the lowest being13.1 kg/ha/mm at T100. It was concluded that DI at vegetative and late growth stages influence yields in a positive linear trend with increasing quantity of irrigation water and decreasing water stress reaching optimum yield of 32.0 ton/ha at 20% water stress (T80) thereby saving 10.7% irrigation water. Onion bulb production at this level optimizes water productivity without significantly affecting yields. DI influenced the size and size distribution of fresh onion bulbs, with low size variation of the fresh bulbs at T80.</p>

scholarly journals TRANSITION FROM SURFACE TO DRIP IRRIGATION IN MOROCCO: ANALYSIS THROUGH THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumaima ASSOULI ◽  
Hamid EL BILALI ◽  
Aziz ABOUABDILLAH ◽  
Rachid HARBOUZE ◽  
Nabil El JAOUHARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Multi Level

Agriculture uses more than 80% of water resources in Morocco. The sector isinefficient in terms of water use due to the dominance of surface irrigation. Toaddress this issue, there have been efforts in Moroccan strategies to convert surfaceirrigation to localized one. This paper analyses the dynamics of conversion fromsurface irrigation to drip irrigation in Fez-Meknes region (north-eastern Morocco)through the lens of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technicaltransitions. MLP framework suggests that transitions are the results of dialecticinteractions among a niche (cf. novelty of drip irrigation), a regime (cf. traditionalsystem of surface irrigation) and the socio-technical landscape (e.g. policies). MLPwas complemented with a multi-capital approach to better assess transitionimpacts. Results show that the area equipped with drip irrigation in Fez-Meknesregion increased from 2174 ha in 2008 to 39290 ha in 2016. Different programshave been implemented in the framework of the Green Morocco Plan to fosterirrigation transition e.g. the National Irrigation Water Saving Program (PNEEI),launched in 2007, aims to convert 550,000 ha to localized irrigation (e.g. dripirrigation) in 15 years. Thanks to these programs, financial and technical supporthas been provided to farmers to promote the adoption of water-saving irrigationtechniques and practices. Farm-level results show that transition to localizedirrigation decreases irrigation water use, increases yields and profitability (cf. grossmargin per ha), and improves water productivity. Despite an enabling policylandscape and positive transition impacts, surface irrigation is still maintained inthe region and farmers are reluctant to change for many reasons (e.g. age andeducation level, unclear land tenure, financial and administrative difficulties).Efforts are still needed to train farmers on irrigation scheduling and on the use ofsmart irrigation techniques to save water. Further research is required to betterunderstand current bottlenecks in the irrigation transition process and designappropriate and context-specific transition governance strategies.

scholarly journals Water use efficiency in four irrigation regimes in bulb onion production in the Alto Chicamocha Irrigation District

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Germán Eduardo Cely-Reyes ◽  
Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra ◽  
Rosalina González-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Bulb Onion ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The bulb onion is one of the most important agricultural products in Colombia. The productive conditions of the Riego del Alto Chicamocha (Boyaca) district are a regional and national benchmark for this market. The objective of this research was to evaluate four irrigation regimes in terms of production and irrigation water efficiency in bulb onion crops. This trial was in the municipality of Nobsa, village of Dicho (Boyaca). A completely randomized design with four treatments was used: irrigation regime with 150% evapotranspiration (Evt); moisture-based irrigation regime, detected with soil moisture sensors; irrigation regime with 100% Evt; irrigation regime with 60% Evt, along with four repetitions. Starting three weeks after transplant and for 11 weeks (77 days), the polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), root length (cm), leaf length (cm), SPAD units, stomatal conductance and irrigation water use efficiency were determined. The irrigation regime with 100% Evt had the best performance in terms of the polar and equatorial diameters and the root and leaf lengths, which were reflected in the fresh weight at harvest. The irrigation regime with soil moisture values obtained from remote sensors, with lower amounts of applied water, had better values for the transformation of water to fresh mass, with 13.64 kg mm-1.

scholarly journals The effect of water-saving irrigation on the growth of local rice plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
D Yanti ◽  
I Berd ◽  
Z Naspendra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Generative Phase

Abstract The decline in the function of the watershed causes the increasing scarcity of water, while the competition for water use is increasing. A conventional method of rice cultivation (continuous inundation) is very wasteful in the use of irrigation water. Water-saving irrigation by regulating the water availability in rice fields is an effort to reduce water loss due to percolation, seepage, and runoff. The study’s purpose was to examine the effect of water availability in the field on the growth of local rice varieties. The study used 5 treatments of water availability in the field (GW < 50% AW, 50% AW < GW ≥ 60% AW, 60% AW< GW ≥ 70% AW, 70% AW < GW ≥ 80% AW, and saturated) with 3 replicates and the parameters observed were the height of plants and number of tillers. The results showed that the availability of water in the field did not affect the plant height but did affect the number of tillers. From the vegetative phase at the age of ±28 days after planting (DAP) to the beginning of the generative phase ±55 DAP, there was an addition of tillers. When the generative phase period from ± 55 DAP, the formation of the tillers stopped, and some of the tillers dried up or died.

Water-saving technologies and irrigation facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov ◽  
A. A. Kalashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

The effectiveness of water resource use in agriculture under the current conditions of economic development in Kazakhstan is quite low because of aged irrigation techniques and technologies, as well as significant costs for water transportation. To achieve water saving in agriculture, the introduction of up-to-date irrigation techniques and water-saving technologies is required, as well as reductions in water losses in transport and other measures to increase water use productivity as water supply deficits increase. The technologies of impulse and mist irrigation, and surface watering, and technical facilities for their implementation are aimed at increasing the productivity of irrigation water use and establishing optimal conditions for plant development.

scholarly journals Reduced Water Use in Barley and Maize Production Through Conservation Agriculture and Drip Irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fonteyne ◽  
Álvaro Flores García ◽  
Nele Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

The Mexican Bajío region is the country's main barley (Hordeum vulgare) producing area. Barley is commonly produced during the dry autumn–winter season using furrow irrigation with ground water, following which rainfed maize (Zea mays) is grown in the spring–summer season using supplementary irrigation. Ground water levels in the region are steadily dropping, and the introduction of water-saving technologies in agriculture is urgently required. Drip irrigation can reduce water use but is costly. Conservation agriculture—the combination of minimal tillage, permanent soil cover and crop diversification—might reduce water use, but studies in irrigated systems are scarce. We compared water use and grain yield in tillage-based conventional agriculture and conservation agriculture, both with furrow irrigation and drip irrigation, in a 3-year (six growing seasons) barley-maize field experiment. Additionally, side-by-side demonstrations of conventional and conservation agriculture were installed simultaneously in farmers' fields and yields, water use and fuel use were recorded. In the field experiment, yields did not differ significantly between production systems, but irrigation water use was on average 17% lower in conservation agriculture than in conventional agriculture, ~36% lower with drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation in conventional tillage, and 40% lower with drip irrigation and conservation agriculture combined compared with conventional agriculture with furrow irrigation. Water use reductions differed strongly between years, depending on weather. The water saving through conservation agriculture in farmers' fields was similar to the water saving in the controlled experiment with about 17%. Additionally, in farmer's fields conservation agriculture reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 192 kg CO2 ha−1 and improved soil health. The implementation of conservation agriculture would be a cost-effective method to reduce water use in the barley-maize production system in the Mexican Bajío, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Irrigation water use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) produced with different irrigation intervals

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marković ◽  
P. Pepó ◽  
M. Sárvári ◽  
V. Kovačević ◽  
J. Šoštarić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the decade from 2000 to 2009, the yield of maize grain in Croatia varied from 4.2 t ha−1 (2003) to 8.0 t ha−1 (2008). The yield variation was mainly caused by weather conditions unfavourable for maize production, meaning lack of precipitation, unevenly distributed during the vegetation season, and mean air temperatures above the long-term mean. Irrigation has become a justified and essential agrotechnical measure that minimizes the damage caused by water deficit during critical plant growth stages and ensures high yields with good quality. In this paper two vegetation seasons (2006 and 2007) with quite different weather conditions for maize production were analysed in order to examine the importance of irrigation in terms of yield increase, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), irrigation efficiency (IE) and irrigation water use index (IWUI) in years favourable (2006) or too dry (2007) for maize production. The yield surpluses achieved with irrigation ranged from 8.54 t ha−1 to 9.62 t ha−1 in the average crop year (2006) and from 8.43 t ha−1 to 10.7 t ha−1 in the dry year (2007), depending on the irrigation method. In the dry year the values of IWUE where higher than in the average year (6.16 and 13.75 kg ha−1/mm, respectively, averaged over the hybrids).

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