scholarly journals Geoaccumulation and Ecological Risk Indexes in Papaya Cultivation Due to the Presence of Trace Metals

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Isabel Araceli Amaro-Espejo ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Joaquín Murguía-González ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karina Patricia Bañuelos-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of heavy metals on Maradol papaya cultivation soil, through the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the ecological potential risk index (RI). Soil samples from 15 locations in the Cotaxtla municipality of Veracruz, Mexico were tested for pH, soil texture, and concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and organic matter (MO). The pH varied between values of 5.5 ± 0.10 and 7.7 ± 0.22, while the MO varied from 1.57% ± 0.97% to 13.1% ± 1.342%. The type of soil texture represented 48% sandy loam, 40% loam, 8% clay loam, and 4% silt-loam. For heavy metals, average levels were found in the following order Cr (0.695 ± 0.018) > Zn (0.615 ± 0.016) > Pb (0.323 ± 0.012) > Cu (0.983 ± 0.011) > Cd (0.196 ± 0.011) mg kg−1. The Igeo values from 96% of the analyzed sampling points were below zero and were considered uncontaminated. The other 4% of samples, from the Potrerillo1 (PT) site, had Igeo values of 1.13, where the highest concentration of Cd was found, which indicates moderate contamination levels. The RI index at the PT site was in the category of moderate contamination, and the rest of the points correspond to the category of low pollution.

scholarly journals Ecological Indices of the Heavy Metals in the Soil of Shewasoor Sub-Basin, Kirkuk NE Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Jamal Akbar ◽  
Omer Sabah Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Contamination Levels

The current research aimed to assess contamination levels in the soil of study area by heavy metals. Eight sites were selected for the collection of soil samples. The eight heavy metals namely As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn were analyzed in each soil samples by using ICP-MS technology. The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with Geochemical Background values, EPA Sediment Quality Guidelines, Ecological Screening values, and WHO Guidelines. The spatial distribution maps of ecological indices were performed using ArcGIS software (version 10.2), which provides an idea of the geographical distribution of heavy metals contamination levels in the soil of Shewasoor sub-basin. The soil contamination by heavy metals assessed using Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Nemerow Pollution Index (P_N), Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk. The RI showed there are high risk of heavy metals in soil and according to P_N the soil has been moderate to severely contaminated by heavy metals. The hazard index of all soil samples was within acceptable range for adults and showed unacceptable risk for children. While the total cancer risk values of As and Cr were within acceptable limits, whereas of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni were lower than acceptable risk range at all sites for adults and children. Ecological indices which are used to assess the contamination levels in the soil by heavy metals refers to the soil of study area was contaminated moderate to heavily by heavy metals, this attributed to the natural and anthropogenic pollution sources around and within the study area.

scholarly journals Identification of Soil Properties and Organophosphate Residues From Agricultural Land in Wanasari Sub-District, Brebes, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Tri Joko ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Henna Rya Sunoko ◽  
Savitri Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
The Mean

Organophosphates have been used to eradicate pests and prevent losses from harvest failures caused by pest attack. It is undeniable that the organophosphate persist in soil. This study aims to identify the organophosphate residue and soil properties include pH, soil texture, and permeability. The soil samples were taken from cropland in 10 villages, Wanasari sub-district, Brebes, Indonesia. Organophosphate residue determined by gas chromatography using Flame Photometric Detector. Soil texture was determined by soil texture triangle from NRCS USDA, and the permeability value was determined by falling head method. The mean value of chlorpyrifos, profenofos, diazinon were 0.0078; 0.0388; 0.2271 mg/l respectively. The soil texture varies from clay, silt clay, loam, silt loam, and silt clay loam with permeability value at 10-7 with the soil pH value between 6.4 – 8.1. The results showed that organophosphate residues found in the soil and its potential affect the soil fertility decline. We recommend to conduct routine soil quality analysis to prevent soil damage in the agricultural environment.

Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litong Zhao ◽  
D. M. Gray ◽  
B. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Frozen Soils

This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils

scholarly journals Distribution of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in soil from kimanis, papar, sabah

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazerina Pungut ◽  
Baba Musta ◽  
Nurul Fadzilah Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Quaternary Deposit ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

This paper discusses the distribution of selected heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil from Kimanis, Papar, Sabah. Fourteen soil samples were collected from soil originated from sedimentary rock of Crocker Formation and Quaternary deposit. The Crocker Formation consists of thick sandstone unit and inter-bedded sandstone and shale unit with the age of Late Eocene to Early Miocene. The physico-chemical analysis of soil include the pH value, moisture content, organic content and particle size. Soil of Crocker Formation were classified as sandy loam and sandy clay loam, while Quaternary deposit were classified as sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay with loam. The result of analysis shows the soils were acidic with pH values range from 3.06-5.65. Organic matter content ranges from 0.98%-7.63% and moisture content were 13.8%-60.51%. All heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-OES. The result of analysis indicated that Zn shows the highest value then followed by Cu, Pb and Cr. Soil sample from Crocker Formation show significantly high Zn and Cu content, where SC6 and SC7 have Zn value of 274.36 μg/g and 127.82 μg/g respectively, whereas 127.98 μg/g of Cu. The distribution of heavy metals in soil samples are controlled by the mobility and leaching process during chemical weathering and also adsorption by clay particles and organic matter as well as the human activities within the area.

Effect of Soil and Climate on Herbicide Dissipation

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
J. V. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Residue

The persistence of five herbicides in six soils across Nebraska can be ranked from greatest to least as follows: 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil (isocil) at 5 and 25 1b/A, 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (propazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, trichlorobenzyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as TCBC) at 7 and 49 1b/A, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea (linuron) at 3 and 9 1b/A. Soil texture differences (sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) had a greater influence on herbicide residue carryover than did climatic differences across Nebraska during 1962 to 1968. Soil carryover of herbicide residues was greater in coarse rather than fine-textured soils and in the drier regions of western than in eastern Nebraska. Leaching of herbicides into the soil profile was an avenue of herbicide dissipation.

scholarly journals NITRIFICATION STUDIES WITH SOIL TYPES IN NORTHERN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-103
Author(s):  
Juan Amedee Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

Experimental results have been reported on the nitrification rate of nine soil types from Northern Puerto Rico classified as: Catalina clay, Catalina clay level phase, Coto clay light texture phase, Espinosa clay, Lares clay loam, Mucara silty clay loam, Mucara silt loam, Sabana Seca clay and Toa silt loam. The various soil types are represented by twenty-one different soil samples. Some experimental data is also reported for a soil type from New Jersey classified as Sassafras sandy loam.

Effects of Imazaquin Residues on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde J. Barnes ◽  
Andrew J. Goetz ◽  
Terry L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Concentration ◽  
Loam Soil

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 1987 and 1988 on several Arkansas soils to determine the effects of residual levels of imazaquin on cotton. Imazaquin concentrations ranging from 0.007 to 0.024 μg/g and 0.00 to 0.015 μg/g were found in soil samples taken 12 and 24 months, respectively, following preplant-incorporated applications at rates of 140 g/ha. Cotton yields were reduced from 7 to 42% in 1987 as the soil concentration of imazaquin increased from 0.007 to 0.024 μg/g. Imazaquin persistence was greater in clay soils than loams or sandy loams. Imazaquin was weakly adsorbed to a clay, loam, and sandy loam soil in laboratory studies; the adsorption isotherms did not differ significantly by soil texture. A bioassay utilizing cotton as the indicator species was developed to determine imazaquin concentrations in soils ranging from 0 to 0.06 μg/g. Imazaquin concentrations determined by the bioassay method were found to be 75, 77, and 80% of those determined by chemical extractions for a clay, loam, and sandy loam soil, respectively.

Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
General Order ◽  
Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

Persistence and Movement of Sethoxydim Residues in Three Minnesota Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Koskinen ◽  
Kathryn M. Reynolds ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Brian L. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Flame Photometric Detector ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Pentanedioic Acid

The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 μg kg-1was 86 ± 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below 0 to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽  
Irena KINDERIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

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