scholarly journals Distribution of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in soil from kimanis, papar, sabah

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazerina Pungut ◽  
Baba Musta ◽  
Nurul Fadzilah Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Quaternary Deposit ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

This paper discusses the distribution of selected heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil from Kimanis, Papar, Sabah. Fourteen soil samples were collected from soil originated from sedimentary rock of Crocker Formation and Quaternary deposit. The Crocker Formation consists of thick sandstone unit and inter-bedded sandstone and shale unit with the age of Late Eocene to Early Miocene. The physico-chemical analysis of soil include the pH value, moisture content, organic content and particle size. Soil of Crocker Formation were classified as sandy loam and sandy clay loam, while Quaternary deposit were classified as sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay with loam. The result of analysis shows the soils were acidic with pH values range from 3.06-5.65. Organic matter content ranges from 0.98%-7.63% and moisture content were 13.8%-60.51%. All heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-OES. The result of analysis indicated that Zn shows the highest value then followed by Cu, Pb and Cr. Soil sample from Crocker Formation show significantly high Zn and Cu content, where SC6 and SC7 have Zn value of 274.36 μg/g and 127.82 μg/g respectively, whereas 127.98 μg/g of Cu. The distribution of heavy metals in soil samples are controlled by the mobility and leaching process during chemical weathering and also adsorption by clay particles and organic matter as well as the human activities within the area.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of soil at Habla union of Basail upazila in Tangail

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
Md Abdullah Miah ◽  
Nazia Uddin ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
Md Erfanul Haq ◽  
Ajay Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Properties Of Soil

An experiment was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties of soil at Habla union under Basail upazila in Tangail based on the BINA (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture) laboratory analysis of physical and chemical parameters during January to March, 2014. Total 30 soil samples from 10 points of Habla union were collected from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-40 cm depth of the soil respectively. To determine the soil texture the results were compared with the standard value of SRDI and BARC. Among the 30 soil samples, 25 soils texture classes were found sandy clay loam, 4 were sandy clay and rest one was clay loam. The comparative analysis showed that the average texture class is sandy clay loam. The bulk density ranged from1.23 to 1.91 g/cm3 for the total samples which leads to decide that bulk density is gradually increasing with soil depth. The moisture percentage at different depth of soil were 39.23 to 57.23 % (for 0-15 cm), 43.02 to 58.35 % (for 15-30 cm) and 42.08 to 58.24% (for 30-45 cm).The pH obtained from soil samples of the study area were 4.66 to 5.55 (for 0-15cm), 5.37 to 6.18(for 15-30cm), 6.33to 6.60 (for 30-45 cm). The percentage of organic matter of the soil samples were 0.55 to 3.97 % (for 0-15cm), 0.55 to 3.24 % (for 15-30cm), 0.69 to 2.28 % (for 30-45cm).The organic matter content in the surface soil is relatively low compared to standard level that decreases steadily with depth. The percentage of nitrogen (N %) was observed in different depth of the soil were 0.078 to 0.126 % (for 0-15 cm), 0.049 to 0.126 % (for 15-30 cm), to 0.074 % (for 30-45 cm) which revealed that the percentages of total nitrogen were fall with the depth compared to standard level. In different depth of soil, it was observed that the level of phosphorus (P) was very low compared to standard level where the phosphorus (P) concentration of the soil samples were 1.18 to 2.90 mg/kg (for 0-15 cm), 1.30 to 9.95 mg/kg (for 15-30 cm), 1.58 to 10.92 mg/kg (for 30-45 cm). On the other hand, it was observed that the sulfur (S) concentration was increased with the depth of soil compared to standard level. The sulfur (S) concentration of the soil samples were 5.21 to 11.98 mg/kg (for 0-15 cm), 5.37 to 14.16 mg/kg (15-30 cm), 9.03 to 15.09 mg/kg (30-45 cm). The potassium (K) concentration of the soil samples were 0.038 to 0.102 mg/kg (for 0-15 cm), 0.031 to 0.90 mg/kg (for 15-30 cm) 0.055 to 0.171 mg/kg (for 30-45 cm), which indicated that the low K content compared to the standard level. The overall physicochemical parameter of soil samples were not optimum for good agricultural production. As we know all the parameters either directly or indirectly influence the soil fertility and productivity. This was probably the reason for low productivity of soil in the study area.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 664-671

Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Robert Biczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Leaching and mobility of carbofuran from granular and alginate controlled release formulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. MAREI ◽  
H. R. SOLTAN ◽  
A. MOUSA ◽  
A. KHAMIS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Controlled Release Formulations ◽  
Loam Soil

Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of carbofuran in the environment. The influence of three alginate-encapsulated CR formulations compared with the granular formulation (G10%) on the mobility of carbofuran in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil was investigated. In flooded soil the leaching potential of the three alginate controlled release formulations tested was decreased more than nine times (not more than 3%) compared with the G10% (28%). Most of the released carbofuran was confined to the top 0–5 cm of the soil column followed by the second 5–10 cm layer and the least was found in the fourth section (15–20 cm). The data obtained for a sandy loam soil irrigated by drip irrigation showed that the greatest proportion of carbofuran leached through the columns was from the G10% (52%) compared with 3–4% from CR formulations over a 30-day period. The carbofuran concentrations found in different soil depths showed similar trends to those for the flooded soil. Based on the residue levels recorded within the 20 cm depth, the relative retention ratio of carbofuran in sandy clay loam versus sandy loam soil was 1·2[ratio ]1 for the controlled release formulations and 1·9[ratio ]1 for the G10%.

Acetylene reduction by non-symbiotic bacteria in artificial soil aggregates amended with glucose

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
R. L. Aldworth
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Activity

The C2H2-reduction assay was used to study the activity of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria in glucose-amended artificial soil aggregates prepared from a sandy clay loam and a sandy loam soil. Anaerobic incubation under nitrogen resulted in significantly higher rates and greater total quantities of C2H2 reduction than did incubation in air. In the sandy clay loam soil activity under both incubation conditions was due to anaerobic N2-fixing bacteria, whereas in the sandy loam soil aerobic N2-fixing bacteria also proliferated in the aggregates. Direct observation of sectioned aggregates by fluorescence microscopy showed that peripheral zone 1 mm thick sup ported the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The anaerobic microsites in the interior of the aggregates were well protected since disruption procedures involving vigorous shaking with aerated water were required to allow O2 to penetrate and inhibit the anaerobic activity.

Effect of Commonly used Turfgrass Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Root Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
G. Euel Coats
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine bioavailability of PRE herbicides at three soil profile depths and two soil types in established common bermudagrass sods. Prodiamine and oryzalin reduced ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass root growth in the 5- to 7.5-cm layer of a Bosket very fine sandy loam soil at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in 1991. These herbicides decreased bermudagrass root weight in both the Bosket and Marietta sandy clay loam both years in samples taken from the 2.5- to 5-cm depth layer. In the 0- to 2.5-cm soil layer, all herbicides reduced root weight in 1990. In a bioassay, prodiamine caused decreased Tifgreen bermudagrass root growth at concentrations as low as 4 ppb by wt in the very fine sandy loam soil, while 8 ppb was necessary in the sandy clay loam soil. Prodiamine was detected in the very fine sandy loam at 4 wk after treatment at all depths in 1991 (65, 45, and 39 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively). Oryzalin was also detected at all depths in 1991 when sampled at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in the very fine sandy loam. Pendimethalin was present in concentrations of 38, 39, and 37 ppb in the sandy clay loam at 2 wk after treatment in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and the 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively. Pendimethalin was also detected in the very fine sandy loam at 2 wk after treatment at concentrations of 55, 69, and 36 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively.

scholarly journals Experiments on the Heaving Force of Freezing Soil

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
Seiiti Kinosita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
List Type ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Freezing Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Soil Block

Abstract Frost heaving of soil is accompanied by a force which often causes severe damage to structures. It was suggested by Everett that this so-called “heaving force" can be attributed to the coexistence of ice and water in micropores among soil particles which characterize the soil type and can be computed thermodynamically. However, the actual heaving force changes in a complicated manner depending on various factors including freezing speed, constraining condition for a soil block, and, of course, soil type. Measurements of heaving force were carried out on various soil samples (sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and two kinds of clays) under various freezing conditions: freezing speed in a range from 0.10 cm/h to 0.35 cm/h, presence or absence of water supply, complete or loose axial constraint applied to a soil block. In each experiment, soil was packed in a cylindrical container with a diameter of 11 cm and a height of 10 cm. A disk was placed on top of the soil contained in the container to constrain the sample either rigidly (a complete axial constraint) or less rigidly through a spring (a loose axial constraint). Main results of the measurements were as follows: (1) Under complete axial constraint, the heaving force decreased with decrease in the freezing speed and with the increase in the size of soil particles (from 6 bars to 1 bar for clay; from 4 bars to 1 bar for sandy clay loam; from 4 bars to 0.8 bar for sandy loam; from 1.5 bars to 0.6 bar for sand). (2) Without the constraint, the heave amount was almost independent of the freezing speed when there was no water supply (8 mm for clay; 6.5 mm for sandy clay loam; 3.5 mm for sandy loam; 1 mm for sand). (3) The heaving force decreased very rapidly with the loosening of the axial constraint by weakening the spring. The results indicate that it is practical to treat the heaving force phenomenologically as a kind of resistive force exerted by freezing soil on a container holding the soil. Because of a volumetric increase due to the transformation of water into ice at the freezing front, both unfrozen and frozen parts of the soil suffer some strain if the soil is somehow constrained by the container. The strains cause stresses which appear as the heaving force. A formula for the heaving force is given in which both the frozen and the unfrozen soil are treated as viscoelastic bodies.

scholarly journals Interactions Among Peanut Cultivars, Herbicide Sequences, and A Systemic Insecticide1

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
W. J. Ethredge ◽  
M. D. Jellum ◽  
S. R. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Soil type and weather conditions influenced interactions among peanut cultivars (Florunner, GK 3, and Tifspan), herbicide sequences, and a systemic insecticide (disulfoton). Disulfoton interacted more frequently with cultivars than did herbicides. More interactions occurred in 1974 than in 1973. When peanut yields from the eight studies (on four soil series) were averaged, disulfoton significantly increased peanut yields, especially on Greenville sandy clay loam. On all soil types, except Dothan sandy loam, an insecticide x cultivar interaction occurred at least once accompanied by consistent and significant increases in the yield of Florunner treated with disulfoton. Disulfoton increased yields of Tifspan twice but did not change significantly the yields of GK 3. When compared to a hand-weeded check, herbicides did not decrease average yields significantly unless the sequence terminated with multiple postemergence treatments. Herbicides interacted with cultivars in two of eight experiments, once on Greenville sandy clay loam and once on Tifton sandy loam. In general, GK 3 reacted more to herbicide sequences than did Florunner. Least affected by herbicides was the cultivar Tifspan. An herbicide x insecticide interaction occurred only once (on Dothan sandy loam) when disulfoton increased yields with either the no herbicide treatment or when benefin-vernolate was applied. In general, genetic and environmental factors influenced organoleptic quality and the fatty acid composition of peanut oil much more than did the herbicide or insecticide treatments.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Harve-1 Microwatershed of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Rajendra Hegde ◽  
M. B. Mahendra Kumar ◽  
K. V. Niranjana ◽  
K. V. Seema ◽  
B. A. Dhanorkar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

Aims: The detailed survey of the microwatershed was carried out by using digitized cadastral map as a base. The objective of the investigation was undertaken to characterize and classify the soils of Harve-1 microwatershed of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka. Place and Duration of Study: soil survey was done and soil samples were collected from Harve-1 microwatershed of Chamarajanagar district in the year 2016. The laboratory characterization and soil classification work was done at National Bureau of soil survey and land use planning, Regional centre Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka. Methodology: Using Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV merged satellite data at the scale of 1:7920 were used in conjunction with the cadastral map as a base. Soil profiles were exposed and location of soil profiles was recorded using GPS and studied from each landform for describing morphological characteristic as per the guidelines given in USDA soil survey manual (Soil Survey Staff 2014). Based on the soil-site characteristics, ten soil series were identified using the method employed by Reddy (2006). Horizon wise soil samples were collected, processed and analysed for various properties by adopting standard procedure. Results: The study showed that, the soils were moderately shallow to moderately deep in depth. The colour of the soils varied from dark red to dark reddish brown. Texture of the soil varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam in surface and sandy clay loam to sandy clay in subsurface. The structure was weak medium sub-angular blocky to moderate medium sub-angular blocky throughout the profile in all series. The consistency of majority of the soils were friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic in surface and friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic in subsurface. Soil reaction varied from slightly acidic to alkaline (5.70 to 8.18) in nature. Organic carbon content of the soils was low to high (0.20 to 1.24 per cent). Calcium and magnesium are dominant exchangeable cations followed by sodium and potassium. The CEC of the soils ranged from 3.17 to 25.76 cmol (p+) kg-1. Major proportion of soil series in the microwatershed belonged to the order of Alfisols (Paralitic Rhodustalfs, Typic Rhodustalfs, Typic Haplustalfs and Rhodic Paleustalfs) except Honnenahalli (HNH) series belong to the order of Inceptisols (Typic Haplustepts). Conclusion: The soils of the microwatershed were comes under the order of alfisols and inceptisols. This generated information can help the researchers, farmers and planners to manage the natural resources for future planning and also to achieve sustainable productivity.

scholarly journals S-index and soybean root growth in different soil textural classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Pedro D. de Oliveira ◽  
Michel K. Sato ◽  
Sueli Rodrigues ◽  
Herdjania V. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Limiting Values

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that the limiting values of S-index, proposed in the literature can not be used to determine the degradation condition of soils under soybean cultivation in the state of Pará, Brazil. The objective was to determine limiting values of S-index using soil physical attributes and validate it with soybean root growth, in soils with different textural classes. For the experimental design, the following treatments were established: five compaction levels for sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils and three levels for clayey and very clayey soils. The following physical parameters were analysed: particle-size distribution, soil bulk density, critical soil bulk density, degree of compaction, soil-water retention curve, S-index and relative root length of soybean. The limiting values of S-index varied according to soil textural class and were equal to 0.037, 0.020 and 0.056 for sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay, respectively. The S-index does not apply to soils with clay content > 71%, because it does not vary with the degree of compaction of the soil or the root growth of the evaluated crop.

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