scholarly journals Morphological Features and Biomass Partitioning of Lucerne Plants (Medicago sativa L.) Subjected to Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhong Luo ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Neil C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Semi Arid

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the morphological, physiological, and metabolic processes of plants, and hence their growth and production on a global scale. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular pasture species in semi-arid regions and plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water deficits on the growth and biomass distribution in different tissues of lucerne, plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf number and area, root dry weight, taproot length and lateral root number, and stem dry weight were measured at four stages from the seedling to flowering stages under three water regimes: (i) adequate water supply (minimum soil water content 85% pot capacity (PC)), (ii) moderate water stress (65% PC), and (iii) severe water stress (45% PC), imposed under a rainout shelter. With limited water supply, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight, taproot length, and total biomass were reduced, while lateral root numbers increased. The number of smaller leaves and root dry weight increased under moderate water stress, whereas severe water stress reduced them. Leaf, stem, and total dry weight were all reduced by the water deficits, but leaf dry weight was reduced the most and root dry weight the least, so there was a redistribution of biomass towards the roots, increasing the root–shoot ratio. These results help us to understand the response of lucerce to water stress and assist in developing a foundation for the sustainable use of lucerne in semi-arid agricultural systems.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

scholarly journals High Phosphorus Acquisition and Allocation Strategy Is Associated with Soybean Seed Yield under Water- and P-Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Yun-Yin Feng ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Feng-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Water Treatments

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of water regimes and P application rates, their interaction on P status, acquisition, and partitioning, and their roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two soybean genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting seed yield and root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate the P status, P acquisition, P partitioning, and yield formation under two water regimes (well-watered (WW) and cyclic water stress (WS)) and three P rates (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). The results show that increased P and water supply increased the seed yield, shoot and root DW and P concentrations and accumulations in different organs. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher seed yield than HD at P60 and P120 under WS and at P0 under WW, but a lower seed yield at P60 and P120 under WW. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher P harvest index and P acquisition efficiency, but a significantly lower shoot and root DW than HD. The interaction between water treatments and P rates had significant effects on leaf and stem P concentration. Cultivar ZH had significantly lower P partitioning to leaves and stems but significantly higher P partitioning to seeds than HD. The seed yield was positively correlated with leaf and seed P accumulations and P acquisition efficiency under WS. We conclude that (1) adequate water supply improved the P mobilization from leaves and stems at maturity, which may have improved the seed yield; and (2) the high P acquisition efficiency is coordination to high P partition to seeds to produce a high seed yield under water- and P-limited conditions.

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

Effects of Biochar on Acid Black Soil Nutrient, Soybean Root and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2278-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yin ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Gui Ping Zheng ◽  
Xue Mei Zhong ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Period

This research focuses on studying the effects of biochar on acidic soil nutrient, soybean production, root and plant height,using the method of pot plant simulation for soybean cultivation patterns in three ridging test. Biochar was applied for pot with set 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25t hm-2. Biochar, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium chloride were fully mixed then sampled on soybean clover stage (V3), full bloom stage (R2) and the early mature stage (R7).This research examined the soybean root index. At the early mature stage (R7), soil samples were blown dry and examined chemical index. During the mature period (R8), we examined the yield and plant height. The results showed that, with the increase of the content of the biochar, available potassium，and organic matter was increased significantly, increasing 77.69mgkg-1, and 7.56gkg-1 compared with control respectively. The root dry weight, main root length, lateral root number, total length, lateral root number, root dry weight of the maximum was respectively increased by 80.85%, 100%, 33.86%, 167.74%, 26.31% and 80.41% than control in early mature stage. The yield increased by 35.97% compared with control.

The effects of soil moisture stress on the growth of barley. II. Grain growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Major Period

The influence of water stress on grain growth has been investigated under conditions of intermittent stress with pot-grown plants and under longer periods of stress with plants grown in lysimeters. Premature cessation of growth was induced by even a moderate water stress, but the rate of grain growth (in dry weight) in the early stages of development was reduced only by severe water stress. There was evidence for an actual loss of dry matter in the final stages of maturation where plants were subjected to severe water stress. Grain moisture content was relatively unaffected by water stress during the major period of grain development, although grain water content dropped with increasing water stress during ripening. Spikelet chlorophyll content was also reduced by water stress, particularly in the later stages of grain development. Indirect evidence indicated that translocation of assimilate from the leaves to the ear was reduced by a moderate water stress. Tne significance of these findings in elucidating the mechanism of action of water stress on grain growth is discussed.

scholarly journals Composted Turkey Litter: II. Effect on Plant Growth

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Tyler ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback ◽  
Katharine B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Nutrient Response ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. ‘Skogholm’ and Hemerocallis sp. ‘Red Magic’ plants were potted into a pine bark substrate amended with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16% (by vol) composted turkey litter and were grown under 1-, 2-, or 3-day irrigation frequencies. Root dry weight of ‘Red Magic’ daylily plants decreased with increasing compost rate while leaf dry weight was not affected by compost addition. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of daylily plants were enhanced when compost was added to the substrate but were decreased by the water stress associated with the reduced irrigation frequencies. Leaf, stem, and root dry weights of ‘Skogholm’ cotoneaster plants decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency. Even though compost increased container capacity and available water, there was not sufficient water in the container to maintain optimal growth under reduced irrigation frequencies. ‘Skogholm’ cotoneaster leaf and stem dry weights increased with increasing compost rate while root dry weight decreased with increasing compost rate. Decreasing irrigation frequency increased foliar N, P, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations but decreased foliar P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B contents. Increasing compost rate increased foliar N, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and B concentrations and foliar N, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, and B contents. Based on foliar nutrient response and plant growth, it appeared that compost adequately replaced the dolomitic limestone, micronutrients, and macronutrients added to the commercial substrate.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

scholarly journals Agronomical and phytochemical aspects of fafia

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele F Vilela ◽  
Lin C Ming ◽  
Márcia OM Marques ◽  
Sandra MP da Silva ◽  
Ílio Montanari Junior
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Foam Index

The medicinal species fafia (Hebanthe eriantha), is a product of extractivism in the region of the Paraiba Valley, São Paulo state, Brazil, with endangered genetic variability. This study did an agronomical characterization and an analysis of active compounds of five accessions. This research is a partnership of UNESP-Botucatu Medicinal Plants Laboratory, Paraiba Valley Center (APTA) and CPQBA-UNICAMP Agrotechnological Division. A field experiment using completely random blocks with five accessions and seven replications was used. The stem and leaf wet/dry weights, root wet/dry weight, length of the longest stem, foliar area, foam index and pfaffic acid content samples were evaluated. Accession I1800 had root dry weight, stem and leaf dry weight, and foliar area greater than other accessions (176.16 g/plant, 7.301 kg/plant, 155.04 cm² ). Pfaffic acid content was similar to other accessions (0.640-0.366 %mm-1) Among all five accessions, there is a positive correlation among the foliar area and stem and leaf dry weight and between the foliar area and root dry weight.

scholarly journals Stress Metabolism I. Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth in the Barley Plant During Water Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An induced water deficit in lO-day barley seedlings resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight within a 28-hr period, although the shoots and roots continued to increase in weight. Primordium formation and apex elongation on the main shoot were also inhibited but floral development at the apex continued.

Water Stress Increases Alkaloid Concentrations in Threadleaf Groundsel (Senecio longilobus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Briske ◽  
Bennie J. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Compounds

The influence of water stress on toxic alkaloid concentrations in threadleaf groundsel (Senecio longilobus Benth.) was investigated in a controlled environment by monitoring leaf xylem water potential during a 32-day period, and then analyzing for alkaloid concentration by plant part. Total plant alkaloid concentration increased with increasing severity of water stress. The most severe water stress (−2.0 MPa) for the 32-day period increased alkaloid concentration by 4.6 times, compared to the least stress imposition (−1.0 MPa). Averaged across watering regimes, alkaloid concentrations (percent dry weight) were highest in threadleaf groundsel roots (0.088%) and occurred in similar concentrations in stems (0.046%) and leaves (0.050%). These results indicate the importance of considering the influence of plant water stress when investigating secondary plant compounds.

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