scholarly journals Stress Metabolism I. Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth in the Barley Plant During Water Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An induced water deficit in lO-day barley seedlings resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight within a 28-hr period, although the shoots and roots continued to increase in weight. Primordium formation and apex elongation on the main shoot were also inhibited but floral development at the apex continued.

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Biomass Partitioning of Lucerne Plants (Medicago sativa L.) Subjected to Water Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhong Luo ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Neil C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Semi Arid

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the morphological, physiological, and metabolic processes of plants, and hence their growth and production on a global scale. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular pasture species in semi-arid regions and plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water deficits on the growth and biomass distribution in different tissues of lucerne, plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf number and area, root dry weight, taproot length and lateral root number, and stem dry weight were measured at four stages from the seedling to flowering stages under three water regimes: (i) adequate water supply (minimum soil water content 85% pot capacity (PC)), (ii) moderate water stress (65% PC), and (iii) severe water stress (45% PC), imposed under a rainout shelter. With limited water supply, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight, taproot length, and total biomass were reduced, while lateral root numbers increased. The number of smaller leaves and root dry weight increased under moderate water stress, whereas severe water stress reduced them. Leaf, stem, and total dry weight were all reduced by the water deficits, but leaf dry weight was reduced the most and root dry weight the least, so there was a redistribution of biomass towards the roots, increasing the root–shoot ratio. These results help us to understand the response of lucerce to water stress and assist in developing a foundation for the sustainable use of lucerne in semi-arid agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of Salicylic Acid Impacts on Seedling Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MARDANI ◽  
Hassan BAYAT ◽  
Amir Hossein SAEIDNEJAD ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi REZAIE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design

Impacts of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling characteristic were evaluated under different water stress levels by using a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The studied factors included three water deficit levels (100% FC, 80% FC, and 60% FC) considered as first factor and five levels of SA concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) as second factor. Results showed that foliar application of SA at the highest concentration enhanced leaf area, leaf and dry weight while decreased stomatal conductance under high level of water deficit stress. Though, severe water deficit stress sharply raised the SPAD reading values. In general, exogenous SA application could develop cucumber seedling characteristic and improve water stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. I. Bud Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Hirst ◽  
David C Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Floral development was studied in buds of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. In each of 3 years, buds were sampled from the previous years growth at intervals throughout the growing season and dissected to determine whether the apex was domed, indicating the start of floral development. Number of bud scales and true leaves increased during the early part of the growing season, but remained fairly constant beyond 70 days after full bloom. The type of rootstock did not affect the number of bud scales or transition leaves, and effects on true leaf numbers were small and inconsistent. Final bract number per floral bud was similarly unaffected by rootstock. The proportion of buds in which flowers were formed was influenced by rootstock in only one year of the study, which was characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall over the period of flower formation. Bracts were observed only in floral buds, and became visible after doming of bud apices had occurred. Flowers were formed during the first 20 days in August, regardless of rootstock or year. The appendage number of vegetative buds was constant from 70 days after full bloom until the end of the growing season, but the number of appendages in floral buds increased due to the continued production of bracts. The critical bud appendage number for `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' before flower formation was 20, and was stable among rootstocks and years. Buds with diameters above 3.1 mm were generally floral, but on this basis only 65% of buds could be correctly classified. Spur leaf number, spur leaf area, and spur leaf dry weight were not good predictors of floral formation within the spur bud.

scholarly journals Changes in Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Cultivars under Water Stress Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Farnia ◽  
Amin Tork
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

A field experiment was laid out in order to evaluation of effects water stress on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars in Lorestan province in Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd branch, Iran at 2014. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design based on randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were irrigation in five levels such as 1: four period irrigation after anthesis, 2: three period irrigation after anthesis, 3: two period irrigation after anthesis, 4: one period irrigation after anthesis and 5: control in main plots and  three wheat cultivars (Shiraz, Pishtaz and Bahar) in sub plots.  The results showed that, the effect of water stress, cultivar and interaction between them on all parameters were significant at 1% level. The height of Pishtaz cultivar was taller than other cultivars. The Pishtaz cultivar with one period irrigation after anthesis had the highest number of spike per square and Bahar cultivar with one period irrigation after anthesis had the lowest number of spike per square. However, 1000- grainwas decreased in water deficit treatment.  However, the Pishtaz cultivar with four period irrigation had the highest plant dry weight and grain yield and Bahar cultivar non irrigation treatment after anthesis had the lowest plant dry weight and Shiraz cultivar in non-irrigation treatment had the lowest grain yield. The results showed that yield and yield components of common wheat decreased with increasing of water deficit and for increasing in grain yield of wheat complete irrigation are needed. However, Pishtaz cultivar had a highest grain yield and dry matter production. Then we can increase grain yield and production of wheat with cultivation of Pishtaz cultivar and avoid of water stress.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12707

scholarly journals Interspecific Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Traits Drive the Water Stress Tolerance in Young Morus alba L. and Conocarpus erectus L. Saplings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Faridah Hanum Ibrahim ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Mitigating climate change requires the identification of tree species that can tolerate water stress with fewer negative impacts on plant productivity. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the water stress tolerance of young saplings of C. erectus and M. alba under three soil water deficit treatments (control, CK, 90% field capacity, FC, medium stress MS, 60% FC and high stress, HS, 30% FC) under controlled conditions. Results showed that leaf and stem dry weight decreased significantly in both species under MS and HS. However, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio increased, and total dry weight remained similar to CK under MS in C. erectus saplings. Stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate decreased, and intrinsic water use efficiency increased significantly in both species under MS and HS treatments. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased in both the species under soil water deficit but was highest in M. alba. The concentration of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased in both species under MS and HS but was highest in C. erectus. Therefore, results suggest that C. erectus saplings depicted a better tolerance to MS due to an effective antioxidative enzyme system.

scholarly journals RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA S.M. D. ◽  
. HERNANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>Daun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.</p><p>Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.</strong></p><p>Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.</p><p>Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, quality</p>

The Effect of Water Stress on Total-Phenolic Content of Barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib SASSI ◽  
Oussama OUESLATI ◽  
Moncef BEN-HAMMOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Influence Of Water

Little is known about the relation between water stress and the accumulation of phenolics in plant tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress and maturation on the production of total-phenolics (TP) by four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (‘Manel’, ‘Martin’, ‘Rihane’, ‘Espérance’). During three phenological stages (S-8, S-10.5, S-11), following Feekes scale, whole barley plants were pulled out of the field and separated into roots, stems, and leaves. Water extracts were prepared from plant parts and their TP contents were determined by spectrophotometer. To determine periods of water deficit (WD) at field, climatic characterization of the region was carried out. TP accumulated in barley plant and its parts under the influence of water deficit essentially at S8, which coincided with barley spring growth. However, TP content decreased when WD became more pronounced at the following stages. This response may be explained, partially by the biosynthesis of lignin from free phenols when the plant approached maturity. Results suggest that water stress stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of TP in barley tissues during active growth periods (spring growth) at S-8. This response doesn’t persist until the critical periods of WD where barley maturity favors a decrease in TP content for all plant parts. Regardless of growth stage and WD, barley accumulates preferentially phenolics in above-ground plant parts. The evolution of phenolic accumulation under water stress showed the same trends for the tested barley varieties, indicating a genetic control of phenolic production and their partitioning across plant parts.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Induced Water Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rana ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
MM Bahadur ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The performance of twenty wheat genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) induced water stress during germination and early seedling growth stages were tested under three levels of water potential i) Control (Tap water), ii) -2 bars and iii) -4 bar at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during September 2014 to October 2014. Rate of germination and vigor index of all wheat genotypes were delayed with the increment of water stress induced by PEG. Shoot and root lengths and seedling dry weight of 10 days old seedlings were found to be reduced due to the increment of water stress. However, the degree of reduction of these parameters with the increment of water stress was not similar for all wheat genotypes. Stress tolerance index (STI) based on seedling dry weight indicated a wide difference in stress tolerance among the wheat genotypes. At moderate water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 34, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 showed greater stress sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes. At higher water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 28, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Satabdi, Sourav, BARI Gom 26, E 23, E 38, E 24, BAW 1163, BAW 1140 and BAW 1151 showed greater stress sensitivity than the others. Considering both moderate and high water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 28 and BAW 1170 were found as tolerant and Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 were found as water deficit stress sensitive wheat genotypes. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 81-91

scholarly journals Stress Metabolism III. Variations in Response to Water Deficit in the Barley Plant

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Stress History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Periods Of Stress

Barley plants (cv. Prior) were grown in soil in a controlled environment and subjected to one, two, or three cycles of water stress by witholding water for short periods interspersed with periods of adequate water supply. The water potentials of the leaf tissues during and following these periods of stress were unaffected by the previous stress history of the plants.

scholarly journals Water deficit during panicle development in pearl millet: yield compensation by tillers

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mahalakshmi ◽  
F. R. Bidinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Stress Damage

SUMMARYWater deficit during the panicle development stage reduced the grain yield of the main shoot panicle of pearl millet but this loss was compensated by increased grain yield of the tillers. The potential extent of compensation in grain yield components by tillers was investigated by removing the main shoot at panicle initiation (PI) and flowering stages respectively, for both irrigated and water-stressed plants. Grain yield loss by removal of the main shoot of plants at PI was fully compensated by tiller grain yield in both the irrigated and water-stressed plants. The compensation was, however, only partial when the main shoot was removed at flowering. The compensation for the grain yield loss in the main shoot due to either water stress or removal was through an increase in number of grains on the tillers. This increase was due to an increase in the number of productive tillers in the case of water stress and to both an increase in the number of productive tillers and an increase in the number of grains per panicle in the case of main shoot removal. This compensatory mechanism by tillers plays an important role in overcoming the effects of pre-flowering water stress damage to the main shoot.

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