Soil Carbon Budget Account for the Sustainability Improvement of a Mediterranean Vineyard Area

Sustainable viticulture is suggested as an interesting strategy for achieving the objectives of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in terms of mitigation and adaptation. However, knowledge and quantification of the contribution of sustainable vineyard management on climate change impact are needed. Although it is widely assessed by several authors that the agricultural stage has a great impact in the wine chain, very few studies have evaluated the greenhouse gas emission in this phase including the ability of soil to sequester carbon (C) or the off-farm C loss by erosion. This work aimed to provide a vineyard carbon budget (vCB) tool to quantify the impact of grape production on GHG emission including the effects of environmental characteristics and agricultural practices. The vCB was estimated considering four different soil management scenarios: conventional tillage (CT), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species in alternate inter-rows (ACC), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species (CC), permanent cover crop (PCC). The estimation of vCB was applied at territory level in a viticulture area in Sicily (2468 ha of vineyard) using empirical data. Results of the present study showed that the environmental characteristics strongly affect the sustainability of vineyard management; the highest contribution to total CO2 emission is, in fact, given by the C losses by erosion in sloping vineyards. Soils of studied vineyards are a source of CO2 due to the low C inputs and high mineralization rate, except for soil managed by CC which can sequester soil C, contributing positively to vCB. The highest total CO2 emission was estimated in vineyards under CT management (2.31 t ha−1y−1), followed by CC (1.27 t ha−1y−1), ACC (0.69 t ha−1y−1) and PCC (0.64 t ha−1y−1). Findings of vCB applied at territory level highlighted the key role of the evaluation of carbon budget (CB) on a larger scale to identify the CO2 emission in relation to climatic and environmental factors. The present study could contribute to provide suggestions to policymakers and farmers for reducing GHG emissions and promote more sustainable grape production practices.

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The Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trade

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.2094 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 2094-2101

Author(s):

Long Xi Han ◽

Jia Jia Zhai ◽

Lin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Trading System ◽

Trading Market ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

The opportunities and challenges in the field of Chinese renewable energy were analyzed through the impact of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction trade, especially CDM on Chinese renewable energy, combined with the enhancement of awareness of voluntary emission reduction, relationship between emission reduction trade and renewable energy, changes in the international trade environment and the rise of the domestic trading system. It is suggested that the renewable energy industry integrates with GHG emission reduction trading system in China and explores the huge double benefit of emission reduction and income increase with market means, providing a reference for the smooth implementation of nationwide CN ETS including varies industries in the carbon trading market in the future, and striving for the speaking right for China to set the marketing price of international GHG emission reduction trading in the future.

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Assessing farmers' contribution to greenhouse gas emission and the impact of adopting climate-smart agriculture on mitigation

Ecological Processes ◽

10.1186/s13717-020-00249-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ayeah Israel ◽

Joseph Amikuzuno ◽

Gideon Danso-Abbeam

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Generalized Poisson ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices is expected to improve farmers’ adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper explores the determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in GHG-emitting activities. It also estimates the impact of CSA activities on reducing GHG emissions. Methods The findings are based on survey data obtained from 350 smallholder farmers in the East Gonja district of Northern Ghana. We adopted the generalized Poisson regression model in identifying factors influencing farmers’ participation in the GHG emission practices and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) to estimate the impact of CSA adoption on GHG emissions. Results Most farming households engaged in at least one emission activity. The findings of the generalized Poisson model found that wealthier households, higher education, and households with access to extension services were less likely to participate in GHG emission activities. There was also evidence that CSA adoption significantly reduces GHG emissions. Conclusion Advocacy in CSA adoption could be a necessary condition for environmental protection through the reduction of GHG emissions.

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META-HEURISTIC APPROACH FOR HIGH-DEMAND FACILITY LOCATIONS CONSIDERING TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2016.1198261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 233-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Taesung HWANG ◽

Minho LEE ◽

Chungwon LEE ◽

Seungmo KANG

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Facility Location ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Memetic Algorithms ◽

Distribution Centers ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

High Demand ◽

Facility Locations

Large facilities in urban areas, such as storage facilities, distribution centers, schools, department stores, or public service centers, typically generate high volumes of accessing traffic, causing congestion and becoming major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. In conventional facility-location models, only facility construction costs and fixed transportation costs connecting customers and facilities are included, without consideration of traffic congestion and the subsequent GHG emission costs. This study proposes methods to find high-demand facility locations with incorporation of the traffic congestion and GHG emission costs incurred by both existing roadway traffic and facility users into the total cost. Tabu search and memetic algorithms were developed and tested with a conventional genetic algorithm in a variety of networks to solve the proposed mathematical model. A case study to determine the total number and locations of community service centers under multiple scenarios in Incheon City is then presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce both the transportation and GHG emission costs compared to the conventional facility-location model. This effort will be useful for decision makers and transportation planners in the analysis of network-wise impacts of traffic congestion and vehicle emission when deciding the locations of high demand facilities in urban areas.

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Structural safety and design under climate change

IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis ◽

10.2749/newyork.2019.1129 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pietro Croce ◽

Paolo Formichi ◽

Filippo Landi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Structural Reliability ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Extreme Value ◽

Structural Safety ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

The Impact

The impact of climate change on climatic actions could significantly affect, in the mid-term future, the design of new structures as well as the reliability of existing ones designed in accordance to the provisions of present and past codes. Indeed, current climatic loads are defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions but climate is not stationary and the current accelerated rate of changes imposes to consider its effects.Increase of greenhouse gas emissions generally induces a global increase of the average temperature, but at local scale, the consequences of this phenomenon could be much more complex and even apparently not coherent with the global trend of main climatic parameters, like for example, temperature, rainfalls, snowfalls and wind velocity.In the paper, a general methodology is presented, aiming to evaluate the impact of climate change on structural design, as the result of variations of characteristic values of the most relevant climatic actions over time. The proposed procedure is based on the analysis of an ensemble of climate projections provided according a medium and a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. Factor of change for extreme value distribution’s parameters and return values are thus estimated in subsequent time windows providing guidance for adaptation of the current definition of structural loads.The methodology is illustrated together with the outcomes obtained for snow, wind and thermal actions in Italy. Finally, starting from the estimated changes in extreme value parameters, the influence on the long-term structural reliability can be investigated comparing the resulting time dependent reliability with the reference reliability levels adopted in modern Structural codes.

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European beech is a net annual source of methane (CH4)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katerina Machacova ◽

Hannes Warlo ◽

Kateřina Svobodová ◽

Thomas Agyei ◽

Tereza Uchytilová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

European Beech ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

Vegetation Season ◽

Dormant Season ◽

The Impact

Trees are known to be sources of methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. However, still little is known about the seasonality of the tree stem CH4 fluxes, particularly for the dormant season, and about the impact of environmental parameters on this gas exchange. This makes the estimation of net annual ecosystem CH4 fluxes difficult.We determined seasonal dynamics of CH4 exchange of mature European beech stems (Fagus sylvatica) and of adjacent forest floor in a temperate montane forest of White Carpathians, Czech Republic, from November 2017 to December 2018. We used static chamber methods and gas chromatographic analyses. We aimed to understand the unknown role in seasonal changes of CH4 fluxes of these forests, and the spatiotemporal variability of the tree fluxes.The beech stems were net annual sources for atmospheric CH4, whereas the forest floor was a predominant sink for CH4. The stem CH4 emissions showed high inter-individual variability and clear seasonality following the stem CO2 efflux. The fluxes of CH4 peaked during the vegetation season, and remained low but significant to the annual totals during winter dormancy. By contrast, the forest floor CH4 uptake followed an opposite flux trend with low CH4 uptake detected in the winter dormant season and elevated CH4 uptake during the vegetation season. Based on our preliminary analyses, the detected high spatial variability in stem CH4 emissions can be explained neither by the CH4 exchange at the forest floor level, nor by soil CH4 concentrations, soil water content and soil temperature, all measured in vertical soil profiles close to the studied trees.European beech trees, native and widely spread species of Central Europe, seem to markedly contribute to the seasonal dynamics of the ecosystem CH4 exchange, and their CH4 fluxes should be included into forest greenhouse gas emission inventories.&#160;AcknowledgementThis research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (17-18112Y), National Programme for Sustainability I (LO1415), CzeCOS (LM2015061), and SustES - Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797). We thank Libor Bor&#225;k and Leszek Dariusz Laptaszy&#324;ski for their technical and field support.&#160;

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Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review ◽

10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(3) ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Ayanda Pamella Deliwe ◽

Shelley Beryl Beck ◽

Elroy Eugene Smith

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Food Retail ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Food Retailers ◽

The Impact

Objective – This paper sets out to assess perceptions of food retailers regarding climate change, greenhouse gas emission and sustainability in the Nelson Mandela Bay region of South Africa. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the food retailers’ greenhouse gas emissions strategies. Climate change catastrophic potential and the harmful effect that it has had on the community and businesses has led to it being given attention from social media and in literature. Methodology/Technique – This paper covered a literature review that provided the theoretical framework. The empirical study that was carried out included self-administered questionnaires which were distributed to 120 food retailers who were selected from the population using convenience sampling. Findings - The results revealed that most of the respondents were neutral towards the impact of operational factors regarding GHG emission in the food retail sector. Novelty - There is limited research that has been conducted among food retailers from the designated population. The study provided guidelines that will be of assistance to food retailers when dealing with climate change and greenhouse gas emissions impact in the food retail sector. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: L66, Q54, Q59. Keywords: Climate Change; Food Retailers; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Perceptions; Strategies; Sustainability Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Deliwe, A.P; Beck, S.B; Smith, E.E. (2021). Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 26–35. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(3)

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Prediction of greenhouse gas emission from municipal solid waste for South Korea

Environmental Engineering Research ◽

10.4491/eer.2019.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 462-469

Author(s):

Kanchan Popli ◽

Jeejae Lim ◽

Hyeon Kyeong Kim ◽

Young Min Kim ◽

Nguyen Thanh Tuu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Total Population ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

The Government ◽

Business As Usual

This study is proposing a System Dynamics Model for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from treating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in South Korea for years 2000 to 2030. The government of country decided to decrease the total GHG emission from waste sector in 2030 as per Business-as-usual level. In context, four scenarios are generated to predict GHG emission from treating the MSW with three processes i.e., landfill, incineration and recycling. For prior step, MSW generation rate is projected for present and future case using population and waste generation per capita data. It is found that population and total MSW are directly correlated. The total population will increase to 56.27 million and total MSW will be 21.59 million tons in 2030. The methods for estimating GHG emission from landfill, incineration and recycling are adopted from IPCC, 2006 guidelines. The study indicates that Scenario 2 is best to adopt for decreasing the total GHG emission in future where recycling waste is increased to 75% and landfill waste is decreased to 7.6%. Lastly, it is concluded that choosing proper method for treating the MSW in country can result into savings of GHG emission.

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Impacts of Government Policies, Fuel Cell Cost, and Battery Cost on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Light-Duty Vehicles

Volume 4: 18th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference; 2013 ASME/IEEE International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications ◽

10.1115/detc2013-12701 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Swithin S. Razu ◽

Shun Takai

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Government Policies ◽

Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽

Enterprise Model ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of public government policies, fuel cell cost, and battery cost on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the US transportation sector. The model includes a government model and an enterprise model. To examine the effect on GHG emissions that fuel cell and battery cost has, the optimization model includes public policy, fuel cell and battery cost, and a market mix focusing on the GHG effects of four different types of vehicles, 1) gasoline-based 2) gasoline-electric hybrid or alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs), 3) battery-electric (BEVs) and 4) fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). The public policies taken into consideration are infrastructure investments for hydrogen fueling stations and subsidies for purchasing AFVs. For each selection of public policy, fuel cell cost and battery cost in the government model, the enterprise model finds the optimum vehicle design that maximizes profit and updates the market mix, from which the government model can estimate GHG emissions. This paper demonstrates the model using FCV design as an illustrative example.

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Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10010134 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cesar Revoredo-Giha ◽

Neil Chalmers ◽

Faical Akaichi

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Carbon Taxes ◽

Gas Emission ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

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Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12234440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4440 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wouter Schram ◽

Atse Louwen ◽

Ioannis Lampropoulos ◽

Wilfried van Sark

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Reduction Potentials ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Energy Sharing

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.

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