scholarly journals Determining Irrigation Depths for Soybean Using a Simulation Model of Water Flow and Plant Growth and Weather Forecasts

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Majid Raoof ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

A new scheme to determine irrigation depths using a two-point of predicted cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval is presented. Rather than maximizing water use efficiency, this scheme aims to maximize net income. The volumetric water price is considered to give farmers an incentive to save irrigation water. A field experiment for soybeans was carried out in the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan in 2019. The total irrigation amount yield and net income by the proposed scheme were compared to those by a tensiometer-operated automated irrigation. The scheme could save irrigation water by 16% with a yield increment of 20%; resulting in a 22% increase in net income compared to the automated irrigation. The model simulated the volumetric water content in the effective root zone of the plant in fair agreement. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme that may replace an automated irrigation system even considering uncertainty in weather forecast to determine irrigation depth and secure investment costs.

scholarly journals Optimizing Irrigation Depth Using a Plant Growth Model and Weather Forecast

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Ieyasu Tokumoto ◽  
Tadaomi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Numerical models of crop response to irrigation and weather forecasts with internet access should be fully utilized in modern irrigation management. In this respect, we developed a new numerical scheme to optimize irrigation depth that maximizes net income. Net income was calculated as a function of cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval which depends on irrigation depth. To evaluate this scheme, we carried out a field experiment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy field of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan. Two treatments were established to compare the net income of the proposed scheme with that of an automated irrigation system. Results showed that although the proposed scheme gave a larger amount of seasonal irrigation water 28%, it achieved 2.18 times of net income owing to 51% higher yield compared to results of the automated irrigation system. This suggests that the proposed scheme would be more economical tool than automated irrigation systems to optimize irrigation depths.

scholarly journals Determining Economical Irrigation Depths in a Sandy Field Using a Combination of Weather Forecast and Numerical Simulation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3403
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Advancement of modern technologies has given numerical simulations a crucial role to effectively manage irrigation. A new numerical scheme to determine irrigation depths was incorporated into WASH 2D, which is a numerical simulation model of crop response to irrigation. Based on two predicted points of cumulative transpiration—water price and quantitative weather forecast—the scheme can optimize an irrigation depth in which net income is maximized. A field experiment was carried out at the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori, Japan, in 2019, to evaluate the effectiveness of the scheme on net income and crop production compared to a tensiometer-based automated irrigation system. Sweetcorn (Zea mays L., Amaenbou 86) was grown in three water balance lysimeters per each treatment, filled with sandy soil. The scheme could achieve a 4% higher net income, due to a 7% increase in green fodder yield, and an 11% reduction in irrigation amount, compared with the automated irrigation method. These results indicate that the numerical scheme, in combination with quantitative weather forecasts, can be a useful tool to determine irrigation depths, maximize net incomes which are farmers’ targets, and avoid large investments that are required for the automated irrigation system.

scholarly journals Optimization of Irrigation and Leaching Depths Considering the Cost of Water Using WASH_1D/2D Models

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Seyed Mohamad Mahdavi ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimian
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
The Cost

Optimization of water use with consideration of salinity control is a crucial task for crop production. A new scheme, “optimized irrigation”, was recently presented to determine irrigation depth using WASH_1D/2D which are numerical simulation models of water flow and solute transport in soils and crop growth. In the scheme, irrigation depth is determined such that net income is maximized considering the price of water and weather forecasts. To evaluate whether the optimized irrigation is also able to restrict salinity stress and avoid salinization without any intentional leaching, we carried out a numerical experiment for winter wheat grown in northern Sudan under the following scenarios: (1) Available water in the root zone is refilled using freshwater (0.17 g/L of NaCl) at every five days; (2) available water in the root zone is refilled using saline water (1.7 g/L) at every five days; (3) optimized irrigation using fresh water at 7-days interval; (4) optimized irrigation on a weekly basis using saline water; and (5) same as scenario 2, except for leaching is carried out at the middle of the growing season and leaching depth is optimized such that net income is maximized. The results showed that the optimized irrigation scheme automatically instructs additional water required for leaching at each irrigation event and maximizes the net income even under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Water Saving and Yield of Potatoes under Partial Root-Zone Drying Drip Irrigation Technique: Field and Modelling Study Using SALTMED Model in Saudi Arabia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Ibrahim Louki ◽  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Abdullah Obadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Irrigation Levels

This study aims to evaluate the Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation System (PRD) as one of the modern technologies that provide irrigation water and increase the efficiency of its use on potato crop. The effect of applying the PRD conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) on the efficiency and water saving in potato crops using the drip surface (S) and subsurface (SS) irrigation methods were investigated. SALTMED model used to predict soil moisture and salinity distribution, soil nitrogen dynamics, and yield of potato crop using the different irrigation levels (150%, 100%, and 50% of Crop evapotranspiration (ETc)). The study showed that the water use efficiency (WUE) decreases with increasing levels of irrigation water, as it ranged between 2.96 and 8.38 kgm−3, 2.77 and 7.01 kgm−3 for surface irrigation PRD and CDI, respectively, when the amounts of irrigation water varied from 308 mm to 1174 mm, respectively. The study showed that the irrigation efficiencies were the highest when using PRD system in all treatments when irrigating the potato crop during the spring season, and it was more efficient in the case of using subsurface irrigation method. The results show that the soil moisture (SM) was high in 25–45 cm at 150% of ETc was 0.166 and 0.263 m3m−3 for the first and last stages of growth, respectively. 100% of ETc, (SM) was 0.296 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–45 cm, 0.179 m3m−3 at 45–62 cm, depths, respectively. whereas 50% of ETc, (SM) was 0.162 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–85 cm, depths. At 100% of ETc, soil salinity was 5.15, 4.37, 3.3, and 4.5 dSm−1, whereas at 50%, ETc, these values were 5.64, 9.6, 3.3, and 4.2 dSm−1. Statistical indicators showed that the model underestimated yield, for 150%, 100%, and 50% of ETc. Therefore, it can be concluded that yield and WUE using PRD systems were the highest in the potato crop compare to CDI surface and sub-surface, and SALTMED model can predict the moisture distribution, salinity, and yield of potatoes after accurate adjustment.

scholarly journals Penerapan Irigasi Tetes Emiter Tali Dengan Bebagai Selang Waktu Irigasi Pada Tanaman Semangka

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrus Idrus ◽  
Surya Surya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The objectives of the research were (1) To know watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon by used drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter on various time irrigation intervals, (2) To determined the good time irrigation interval for watermelon production by using the drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter. The research was conducted at the research field with four-time irrigation intervals were 1,2,3, and 4 days of time irrigation interval. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design. The result of the research showed that the time irrigation interval was not significantly affected yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon. The soil moisture in the root zone at 30 cm depth of 23,23—23,88% before irrigation still in range of the available soil moisture content for plants. The average of watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon were 5,07—5,45 kg/plant and 115,15—123,79 kg/m3. The good time interval of irrigation for watermelon production by using drip irrigation with rope emitter was 4 days time interval of irrigation.

scholarly journals Productivity and water use of an irrigated high country pasture

1994 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
R.J. Paton ◽  
P.B. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
Mackenzie Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Border Strip ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pasture production and irrigation water-use efficiencies were measured for 3 irrigation regimes on a Mackenzie shallow, stony soil in the Mackenzie Basin near Omarama. Irrigating at 25% was the most efficient of three irrigation frequencies maintained over the 198 1-1986 period (irrigated at O%, 25%, and 50% plant-available water capacity). Less frequent irrigation resulted in lower pasture yields due to increased water stress, while more frequent watering resulted in a 55% drainage loss of irrigation water below the root zone. At 1.16 t DIvUha per irrigation, the increase in pasture yield with irrigation at 25% was higher than most increases achieved in existing irrigation schemes in Central Otago and mid Canterbury. Over 6 years, this treatment required 4-7 irrigations annually and, on average, produced 6.0 t DM/ha more than did dryland pasture. The water-use efficiencies achieved in the border-strip irrigation system used were generally greater than expected for highly permeable stony soils where large drainage losses of irrigation water below the root zone are common. This was the result of reduced soil water transmission rates after compaction by heavy machinery during border strip* preparation. That effect of compaction was persistent, and had not diminished 9 years after initial pasture and irrigation development, as structural improvement of this soil is slow, even under irrigation. Keywords: high country pasture, irrigation, Mackenzie Basin

scholarly journals Infiltration Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture in Layered Soil under Vertical Tube Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Dan Bai ◽  
Yibo Li ◽  
Xinduan Wang ◽  
Zhen Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The limited quantity of irrigation water in Xinjiang has hindered agricultural development in the region and water-saving irrigation technologies are crucial to addressing this water shortage. Vertical tube irrigation, a type of subsurface irrigation, is a new water-efficient technology. In this study, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze (1) the infiltration characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of moisture in layered soil and (2) the water-saving mechanism of vertical tube irrigation. In the field experiments, we analyzed jujube yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP), and soil moisture in the jujube root zone. In the laboratory irrigation experiments, two soil types (silty and sandy loam) were selected to investigate homogeneous and layered soil, respectively. Cumulative infiltration, wetting body, and soil water moisture distribution were also analyzed. Relative to surface drip irrigation, vertical tube irrigation resulted in slightly lower jujube yields but higher savings in water use (47–68%) and improved IWP. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that layered soil had less cumulative infiltration, a larger ellipsoid wetted body, slower vertical wetting front migration (hindered by layer interface), and faster horizontal wetting front migration than homogenous soil had. The irrigation amount for vertical tube irrigation decreased in layered soil, and water content increased at the layer interface. Vertical tube irrigation in layered soil facilitates the retention of water in the root zone, prevents deep leakage, reduces irrigation amount, and improves the IWP of jujube trees. This study aids the popularization and application of vertical tube irrigation technology.

scholarly journals Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3942
Author(s):  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Khaled Riad ◽  
Nashi Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Amount

Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.

scholarly journals Water Retention Techniques under Crop’s Root Zone a Tool to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Hommadi ◽  
Sabah Anwer Almasraf
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Membrane Sheet

 A new technique in cultivation by installing membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone was helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. In this paper, the membrane sheet was installed below the root zone of zucchini during the summer growing season 2017 in open field.  This research was carried out in a private field in Babil governorate at Sadat Al Hindiya Township reached 72 km from Baghdad. Surface trickle irrigation system was used for irrigation process. Two treatment plots were used, treatment plot T1 using membrane sheet and treatment plot T2 without using the membrane sheet. The applied irrigation water, time of irrigation, soil moisture contents before irrigation were calculated and recorded daily for the two treatments plots. Values of crop yield, Field water use Efficiency and economic water productivity were discussed and compared between the plots. The obtained results indicate that field water use efficiency for the two plots, T1 and T2 were: 6.04 and 4.64 kg/m3, respectively.  The increasing value in field water use efficiency (FWUE) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 30.2 %. Additionally, the value of economic water productivity of zucchini crop for plots T1 and T2 was: 20514.1 and 15031.7 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the Economic water productivity (EWP) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 36.5 %. The value of water saving in plot T1 was 16.7%. The reduction in frequency of irrigation at T1 was 12 %.            zucchini, water use efficiency, membrane sheet, and economic water productivity.

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