scholarly journals Optimizing Irrigation Depth Using a Plant Growth Model and Weather Forecast

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Ieyasu Tokumoto ◽  
Tadaomi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Numerical models of crop response to irrigation and weather forecasts with internet access should be fully utilized in modern irrigation management. In this respect, we developed a new numerical scheme to optimize irrigation depth that maximizes net income. Net income was calculated as a function of cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval which depends on irrigation depth. To evaluate this scheme, we carried out a field experiment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy field of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan. Two treatments were established to compare the net income of the proposed scheme with that of an automated irrigation system. Results showed that although the proposed scheme gave a larger amount of seasonal irrigation water 28%, it achieved 2.18 times of net income owing to 51% higher yield compared to results of the automated irrigation system. This suggests that the proposed scheme would be more economical tool than automated irrigation systems to optimize irrigation depths.

scholarly journals Determining Irrigation Depths for Soybean Using a Simulation Model of Water Flow and Plant Growth and Weather Forecasts

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Majid Raoof ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

A new scheme to determine irrigation depths using a two-point of predicted cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval is presented. Rather than maximizing water use efficiency, this scheme aims to maximize net income. The volumetric water price is considered to give farmers an incentive to save irrigation water. A field experiment for soybeans was carried out in the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan in 2019. The total irrigation amount yield and net income by the proposed scheme were compared to those by a tensiometer-operated automated irrigation. The scheme could save irrigation water by 16% with a yield increment of 20%; resulting in a 22% increase in net income compared to the automated irrigation. The model simulated the volumetric water content in the effective root zone of the plant in fair agreement. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme that may replace an automated irrigation system even considering uncertainty in weather forecast to determine irrigation depth and secure investment costs.

scholarly journals Determining Economical Irrigation Depths in a Sandy Field Using a Combination of Weather Forecast and Numerical Simulation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3403
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Advancement of modern technologies has given numerical simulations a crucial role to effectively manage irrigation. A new numerical scheme to determine irrigation depths was incorporated into WASH 2D, which is a numerical simulation model of crop response to irrigation. Based on two predicted points of cumulative transpiration—water price and quantitative weather forecast—the scheme can optimize an irrigation depth in which net income is maximized. A field experiment was carried out at the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori, Japan, in 2019, to evaluate the effectiveness of the scheme on net income and crop production compared to a tensiometer-based automated irrigation system. Sweetcorn (Zea mays L., Amaenbou 86) was grown in three water balance lysimeters per each treatment, filled with sandy soil. The scheme could achieve a 4% higher net income, due to a 7% increase in green fodder yield, and an 11% reduction in irrigation amount, compared with the automated irrigation method. These results indicate that the numerical scheme, in combination with quantitative weather forecasts, can be a useful tool to determine irrigation depths, maximize net incomes which are farmers’ targets, and avoid large investments that are required for the automated irrigation system.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of a New Scheme for Determination of Irrigation Depths in the Egyptian Nile Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2181
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth

Innovative irrigation techniques should be implemented to improve irrigation management in dryland countries. In this regard, a new scheme, that uses three sets of irrigation depth and numerically simulated cumulative transpiration, was evaluated in the Egyptian Nile delta in 2020. Presuming that water is volumetrically priced, the proposed scheme can maximize net incomes at optimum irrigation depths considering quantitative weather forecasts. A field experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design using a major crop, maize, to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme in comparison to a sensor-based irrigation method under conditions of dry climate and clay loamy soil. The proposed scheme could increase the gross net income of farmers and conserve irrigation by 21% and 35%, respectively, compared to a sensor-based irrigation method, although the yield and its components were almost the same with no significant statistical differences. The model could accurately simulate soil water content in the topsoil layers with a RMSE of 0.02 cm3 cm−3. The proposed scheme could be a useful tool to spare the costs of expensive soil monitoring sensors while saving water and improving net income.

scholarly journals Optimization of Irrigation and Leaching Depths Considering the Cost of Water Using WASH_1D/2D Models

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Seyed Mohamad Mahdavi ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimian
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
The Cost

Optimization of water use with consideration of salinity control is a crucial task for crop production. A new scheme, “optimized irrigation”, was recently presented to determine irrigation depth using WASH_1D/2D which are numerical simulation models of water flow and solute transport in soils and crop growth. In the scheme, irrigation depth is determined such that net income is maximized considering the price of water and weather forecasts. To evaluate whether the optimized irrigation is also able to restrict salinity stress and avoid salinization without any intentional leaching, we carried out a numerical experiment for winter wheat grown in northern Sudan under the following scenarios: (1) Available water in the root zone is refilled using freshwater (0.17 g/L of NaCl) at every five days; (2) available water in the root zone is refilled using saline water (1.7 g/L) at every five days; (3) optimized irrigation using fresh water at 7-days interval; (4) optimized irrigation on a weekly basis using saline water; and (5) same as scenario 2, except for leaching is carried out at the middle of the growing season and leaching depth is optimized such that net income is maximized. The results showed that the optimized irrigation scheme automatically instructs additional water required for leaching at each irrigation event and maximizes the net income even under saline conditions.

ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
LUIZ RICARDO SOBENKO ◽  
EDER DUARTE FANAYA JÚNIOR ◽  
OTÁVIO NETO ALMEIDA SANTOS ◽  
PATRICIA ANGÉLICA ALVES MARQUES
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Standard Error Estimate

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica noperíodo em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativade evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenárioscom índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETopelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema deirrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação(r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando osmodelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudadosapresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis.Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenárioseco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menoreslâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimationmodels, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall inSorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years consideredmedium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balancewas made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days.To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmottagreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. Thestudied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’tsustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the waterdepths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effectiveprecipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

scholarly journals Review: Sensors for the improvement of irrigation efficiency in nurseries

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi D Kaptein ◽  
Marnie E Light ◽  
Michael J Savage
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Traditional timer-based systems for irrigation management, which are more commonly used in commercial nurseries in South Africa, are not ideal as they may not irrigate seedlings efficiently. A sensor-based irrigation system is presented as an alternative, as this can provide several benefits to nurseries and nursery-grown seedlings. Small-sized soil water sensors that could fit in small-volume nursery containers (25 to 100 mL), and could be integrated into an automated irrigation system, are reviewed. Several experiments have been conducted internationally to measure soil water status of small-volume containers in soilless substrates, and a large body of knowledge is now available. In this review, we describe the principles of several currently commercially available sensors that can be adapted to this purpose, giving advantages and disadvantages of each type. We conclude that a sensor-based irrigation system has great potential to address the challenges associated with irrigation scheduling, while improving water usage in most nurseries.

scholarly journals Physiological and productive characteristics of the banana 'Prata-Anã' subjected to different irrigation intervals and emitter heights

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e44000
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Alves Lage ◽  
José Alberto Alves de Souza ◽  
Carlos Elízio Cotrim ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

 This study aimed to evaluate the productive characteristics, gas exchange and water use efficiency of the banana 'Prata-Anã' clone Gorutuba under different irrigation intervals associated with different emitter heights. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme: two irrigation intervals (daily and every two days) and four emitter heights (50, 70, 90, and 110 cm) in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The irrigation depths applied by the microsprinkler irrigation system were calculated as a function of crop evapotranspiration. The gas exchanges were evaluated during the period of greatest climatic stress, and the productive characteristics were evaluated at harvest. The economic water use efficiency was determined indirectly by considering the production divided by the applied irrigation depth, which was the same in all the treatments. The instantaneous water use efficiency was estimated with an infrared gas analyzer in the critical climatic period. There was no interaction between the irrigation intervals and emitter heights. The two-day irrigation interval resulted in lower values of leaf temperature and photosynthetically active radiation incident on the leaves, resulting in a higher fruit weight and, consequently, higher yields and a higher water use efficiency. The highest fruit weights were obtained at heights of 70 and 90 cm.

ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
LUIZ RICARDO SOBENKO ◽  
EDER DUARTE FANAYA JÚNIOR ◽  
OTÁVIO NETO ALMEIDA SANTOS ◽  
PATRICIA ANGÉLICA ALVES MARQUES
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Standard Error Estimate ◽  
Water Depths

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica no período em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenários com índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3 ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETo pelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação (r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando os modelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudados apresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis. Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenário seco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menores lâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation models, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall in Sorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years considered medium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balance was made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days. To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmott agreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. The studied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’t sustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the water depths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effective precipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

Enhancing effectivity of automated irrigation system using fuzzy logic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krishna Bhat ◽  
Sukanya S. Kumar ◽  
Keerthana Krishnakumar ◽  
Sherin Shaju ◽  
Pankaj Kumar G.
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Automated Irrigation System
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