New Eco-Friendly Polymeric-Coated Urea Fertilizers Enhanced Crop Yield in Wheat

Presently, there is a growing interest in developing new controlled-release fertilizers based on ecological raw materials. The present study aims to compare the efficacy of two new ureic-based controlled-release fertilizers formulated with water-soluble polymeric coatings enriched with humic acids or seaweed extracts. To this end, an experimental approach was designed under controlled greenhouse conditions by carrying out its subsequent field scaling. Different physiological parameters and crop yield were measured by comparing the new fertilizers with another non polymeric-coated fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, and an untreated ‘Control’. As a result, on the microscale the fertilizer enriched with humic acids favored a better global response in the photosynthetic parameters and nutritional status of wheat plants. A significant 1.2-fold increase in grain weight yield and grain number was obtained with the humic acid polymeric fertilizer versus that enriched with seaweed extracts; and also, in average, higher in respect to the uncoated one. At the field level, similar results were confirmed by lowering N doses by 20% when applying the humic acid polymeric-coated produce compared to ammonium nitrate. Our results showed that the new humic acid polymeric fertilizer facilitated crop management and reduced the environmental impact generated by N losses, which are usually produced by traditional fertilizers.

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Environmentally Friendly Slow Release Nano-Chemicals in Agriculture

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Smart Farming Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5909-2.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 220-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Richa Kothari ◽

Khursheed Ahmad Wani

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Slow Release ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Slow Discharge ◽

The World ◽

Growing Population ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Agriculture is important for people all over the world in order to obtain food to sustain the ever-growing population. However, the current practices for obtaining more and more food has several environmental challenges. Hence, new environmentally friendly fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides have been developed that enhance crop yield by facilitating maximum nutrient uptake by the application of nanotechnology that will help in promoting sustainable agriculture by the slow or controlled release fertilizers. This slow discharge encourages improved delivery of nutrients to the plants that further speeds up early germination, fast growth, and high nutritional level. The current study is aimed to review nano-chemicals used in agriculture that have been developed by the researchers all over the world.

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Smart Fertilizer Strategy for Better Crop Production

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1877 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. Karthik ◽

M. Uma Maheswari

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

New Technologies ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Food security is one of the major concerns for all developing countries of the world. Even though we had attained the highest food production with the use of new technologies, we may not able to feed the burgeoning population adequately in coming years due to stagnant crop productivity. Natural source of nutrients like organic manures and external source of nutrients, viz. fertilizers, are considered as the two eyes in plant nutrient management. Nutrient use efficiency of fertilizer is very low due to numerous pathways of losses such as leaching, denitrification, microbial immobilization, fixation and runoff. It has been estimated that around 40-70% of nitrogen, 80-90% of phosphorus, 50-70% of potassium and more than 95% of micronutrient content of applied fertilizers are lost in to the environment and results in pollution (Kanjana, 2017). Smart fertilizers like slow and controlled release fertilizers, nanofertilizers and bioformulation fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency their by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. The use of slow and controlled release fertilizers increase nutrient use efficiency, minimize the risks like leaf burning, water contamination and eutrophication. Nano-fertilizers are the nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray (Priyanka Solangi et al., 2015). The small size, high specific surface area and reactivity of nano fertilizers increase the solubility, diffusion and availability of nutrients to plants and enhance crop productivity. Bioformulation is microbial preparations containing specific beneficial microorganisms which are capable of fixing or solubilizing or mobilizing plant nutrients for promoting plant growth and crop yield. Smart fertilizers are the better option for the farmers to increase their crop yield with low input cost in sustainable way without degrading natural environment.

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Mid-Season Reapplication of Controlled Release Fertilizers Affect ‘Helleri’ Holly Growth and N Content of Substrate Solution and Effluent

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-12.4.181 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 181-186

Author(s):

Melinda C. Shiflett ◽

Alex X. Niemiera ◽

Carol E. Leda

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

N Content ◽

Early Season ◽

Substrate Solution ◽

Foliar N ◽

Leaching Fraction ◽

Soluble Fertilizer ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how a mid-season CRF (controlled release fertilizer) reapplication to container-grown Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ Thunb. affected growth, substrate solution N content, and the amount on N leached compared to a single early season CRF application (control). ‘Helleri’ holly liners were initially fertilized (March 7) with an 8 to 9 month CRF, Osmocote 18N-2.6P-9.9K (18-6-12), or a 12 to 14 month CRF, Osmocote 17N-3.1P-9.9K (17-7-12). A subset of plants received a CRF reapplication (half rate) of the respective Osmocote formulation on July 19, August 2, or August 16. In addition, 12 plants received a water soluble fertilizer solution (WSF) with each irrigation starting on July 19. All effluent was collected and analyzed for N. Substrate solution N and electrical conductivity (EC) levels (via the pour-through method) and foliar N concentrations were determined every two weeks. Throughout the experiment, plants were irrigated with an irrigation amount that resulted in an ≈ 0.25 leaching fraction (LF). Plant width was determined on November 1. Plant width values were higher for the first and second reapplication and WSF treatments for both formulations than the control. However, in terms of commercial size grades, plants of all treatments were in the same grade. Thus, there was no economic advantage to reapplying CRF. We concluded that CRF reapplication was not necessary when substrate solution N and foliar N values were ≥ 20 mg N/liter and ≥ 2.3%, respectively. Irrigating at a LF of 0.2, the mid-season CRF application increased the amount of N lost from containers by 42% compared to a single, early season CRF application.

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Comparative Evaluation of Nitrogen Release Patterns from Controlled-release Fertilizers by Nitrogen Leaching Analysis

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.4.669 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 669-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Raul I. Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Experimental Period ◽

N Leaching ◽

N Losses ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Average Maximum ◽

N Release ◽

Fast Start ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers ◽

Leaching Pattern

Seven nursery grade (8-9 month duration), polymer-coated, controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) were topdressed or incorporated into a 2 peat: 1 vermiculite: 1 sand (by volume) medium to yield the same amount of N per container. The pots (0.5 L) were uniformly irrigated with DI water every week to produce a target leaching fraction of 25%. Leachate N contents (ammonium plus nitrate), employed as indicators of N release, allowed for comparison of CRF performance as a function of temperature changes over a season. Two distinct N leaching (i.e., release) patterns were observed over the 180-day experimental period. The fertilizers Osmocote 18-6-12FS (Fast Start: OSM-FS), Prokote Plus 20-3-10 (PROK), Osmocote 24-4-8HN (High N: OSM-HN) and Polyon 25-4-12 (POLY) exhibited a N leaching pattern that closely followed changes in average daily ambient temperatures (Tavg) over the season. This relationship was curvilinear, with N leaching rates per pot (NLR) being highly responsive to Tavg changes between 20 and 25 °C. Temperatures above 25 °C produced an average maximum NLR of 1.27 mg·d-1 for these fertilizers. OSM-FS, PROK, and OSM-HN had the highest cumulative N losses over the experimental period. In contrast, the CRF group formed by Nutricote 18-6-8 (270: NUTR), Woodace 20-4-12 (WDC), and Osmocote 18-6-12 (OSM) showed a more stable N leaching pattern over a wider range of temperatures, with rates about 30% to 40% lower than those in the temperature-responsive CRF, and averaging a maximum NLR of 0.79 mg·d-1 for Tavg >25 °C. NUTR and WDC had the lowest cumulative N losses over the season. Soluble salt readings paralleled N leaching for each CRF, indicating similar leaching patterns for other nutrients. Incorporation produced significantly higher cumulative N losses than topdressing, but without effect on the actual N leaching pattern over the season. Regardless of the N formulation in the CRF, over 85% of the N recovered in the leachates was in the nitrate form.

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Controlled Release Fertilizer Effects on Growth and Foliar Nutrient Concentration of Container Grown Jeffrey Pine and Singleleaf Pinyon

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/7.4.113 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. F. Walker ◽

C. D. Huntt

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Pinus Monophylla ◽

Jeffrey Pine ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Soluble Fertilizer ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract Two controlled release fertilizers, Sierra 17-6-12 Plus Minors controlled release nutrients and Agriform 14-4-6 container tablets, were evaluated for their effects on containerized Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) and singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) planting stock. Seedlings produced with a conventional water soluble fertilizer, Peters 20-10-20, and unfertilized seedlings provided bases for comparison of fertilizer effects on growth and mineral nutrition. After 12 mo, mean volume of Jeffrey pine seedlings fertilized with Sierra prills exceeded that of Agriform and Peters treatments by >40% and unfertilized seedlings by 215%. Volume of singleleaf pinyon in the Sierra and Peters treatments exceeded those of the Agriform and unfertilized treatments by ≥100%. Shoot/root ratios of seedlings fertilized with Agriform tablets were significantly higher than those of the other treatments in both species. Foliar analyses for 11 plant-essential elements revealed that concentrations of most elements in fertilized seedlings were sufficient for adequate seedling nutrition. Apparent luxury consumption of one or more nutrients, particularly N, was detected in Jeffrey pine fertilized with Sierra prills and Agriform tablets. Overall, Sierra 17-6-12 proved effective for growth of Jeffrey pine and singleleaf pinyon container seedlings, while Agriform 14-4-6 was marginal for growing Jeffrey pine and unsuitable for singleleaf pinyon. West. J. Appl. For. 7(4):113-117.

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Reducing Runoff Loss of Applied Nutrients in Oil Palm Cultivation Using Controlled-Release Fertilizers

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2014/285387 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Bah ◽

M. H. A. Husni ◽

C. B. S. Teh ◽

M. Y. Rafii ◽

S. R. Syed Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Immature Oil ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Controlled-release fertilizers are expected to minimize nutrient loss from crop fields due to their potential to supply plant-available nutrients in synchrony with crop requirements. The evaluation of the efficiency of these fertilizers in tropical oil palm agroecological conditions is not yet fully explored. In this study, a one-year field trial was conducted to determine the impact of fertilization with water soluble conventional mixture and controlled-release fertilizers on runoff loss of nutrients from an immature oil palm field. Soil and nutrient loss were monitored for one year in 2012/2013 under erosion plots of 16 m2on 10% slope gradient. Mean sediments concentration in runoff amounted to about 6.41 t ha−1. Conventional mixture fertilizer posed the greatest risk of nutrient loss in runoff following fertilization due to elevated nitrogen (6.97%), potassium (13.37%), and magnesium (14.76%) as percentage of applied nutrients. In contrast, this risk decreased with the application of controlled-release fertilizers, representing 0.75–2.44% N, 3.55–5.09% K, and 4.35–5.43% Mg loss. Meanwhile, nutrient loss via eroded sediments was minimal compared with loss through runoff. This research demonstrates that the addition of controlled-release fertilizers reduced the runoff risks of nutrient loss possibly due to their slow-release properties.

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Removal of Pb and Zn from industrial effluent using humic acid

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v51i4.30447 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Parvin ◽

S Hoque

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Carbon Concentration ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tannery Effluents ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Better Than

The present work was conducted to remove Pb and Zn from industrial effluents by coagulating the ions with humic acids. Seven types of effluents were collected from textile, tannery and pharmaceutical industries. Two commercially available humic acids one in a liquid state and another one in a semi-solid state, humic acid extracted from peat were used to remove Pb and Zn from industrial effluents as well as synthetic waste water. Optical property, carbon concentration and coagulation threshold of humic acids were studied. Same carbon concentration (1 x 10-5 g L-1) of all the sources was maintained at neutral pH. The values of water soluble Pb and Zn in effluents were 0.000 - 0.0711 ?g/mL and 0.002 - 0.024 ?g/mL, respectively. Results indicated that liquid humic acid having E4: E6 ratio of 1.2 removed 100% Pb and Zn only from pharmaceutical effluent whereas humic acid extracted from peat having E4: E6 ratio of 3.18 completely (100%) removed these metals from pharmaceutical and tannery effluents. Semi-solid humic acid having the lowest E4: E6 ratio of 1.07 did not form coagulation with the metals. The performance of humic acid extracted from peat was better than that of commercially available humic acids. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(4), 279-284, 2016

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Environmentally Friendly Slow Release Nano-Chemicals in Agriculture

Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 409-425

Author(s):

Richa Kothari ◽

Khursheed Ahmad Wani

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Slow Release ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Slow Discharge ◽

The World ◽

Growing Population ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

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Using Nutrient Uptake Patterns to Develop Efficient Nitrogen Management Strategies for Vegetables

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.9.4.601 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 601-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charles A. Sanchez ◽

Thomas A. Doerge

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Practice ◽

Management Strategies ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

N Losses ◽

Uptake Studies ◽

N Management ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Nitrogen (N) in a soil that is not immediately taken up by a crop is subject to leaching, denitrification and other mechanisms of loss. Nitrogen uptake studies identify the total amount of N accumulated by the crop and the period of peak demand. This information can be used to devise management strategies aimed at supplying N preceding anticipated uptake. Split sidedress application, fertigation, and use of controlled release fertilizers (CRN) are all viable options for N management, depending on the crop production scenario and available infrastructure. Soil and plant tissue testing can be useful feedback tools for adjusting N applications for soil contributions of N and unexpected N losses. Efficient irrigation is of paramount importance in achieving efficient N fertilization regardless of management practice.

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Controlled-Release Fertilizers for Florida Citrus Production

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss433-2004 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2004 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tom Obreza ◽

Bob Rouse

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Young Tree ◽

Citrus Production ◽

Florida Citrus ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

In the new age of Florida citrus production, Best Management Practices to protect water quality are being considered across the state. Growers have been encouraged to carefully consider nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, application schedules, and irrigation management in their groves. Nitrogen sources have received little attention because most managers are accustomed to using water-soluble fertilizers like ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea. Synthetic controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) have existed commercially for more than 35 years, but other than use in young-tree fertilizer blends, Florida citrus growers have avoided them due to high cost and lack of production experience. This document is SL-214, a fact sheet of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: January 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss433

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