Effects of Root Temperature on the Plant Growth and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey)

Root temperature has long been considered an essential environmental factor influencing the plant’s physiology. However, little is known about the effect of root temperature on the quality of the food produced by the plant, especially that of horticultural crops. To fill this gap, two independent root cooling experiments (15 °C vs. 20 °C and 10 °C vs. 20 °C) were conducted in autumn 2017 and spring 2018 in hydroponics with Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) under greenhouse conditions. The aim was to investigate the effect of root temperature on plant growth (biomass, height, yield) and food quality (soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, starch, minerals, glucosinolates). A negative impact on shoot growth parameters (yield, shoot biomass) was detected by lowering the root temperature to 10 °C. Chinese broccoli showed no response to 15 °C root temperature, except for an increase in root biomass. Low root temperature was in general associated with a higher concentration of soluble sugars and total chlorophyll, but lower mineral levels in stems and leaves. Ten individual glucosinolates were identified in the stems and leaves, including six aliphatic and four indolic glucosinolates. Increased levels of neoglucobrassicin in leaves tracked root cooling more closely in both experiments. Reduction of root temperature by cooling could be a potential method to improve certain quality characters of Chinese broccoli, including sugar and glucosinolate levels, although at the expense of shoot biomass.

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Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 577

Author(s):

Fang He ◽

Björn Thiele ◽

David Kraus ◽

Souhaila Bouteyine ◽

Michelle Watt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Food Quality ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Root Temperature ◽

Short Term ◽

Physiological Variables

Vegetable product quality is an important consideration for consumers. Long-term root cooling could improve certain food quality of horticultural crops, but often comes at the expense of reduced shoot biomass or yield. Since few studies have investigated how fast Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) responds to changes of root temperature, we shortened the duration of the root cooling treatment to one week before harvest to make the production system more effective. The aim of this study was to improve the food quality of Chinese broccoli without causing deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. The seedlings were cultivated hydroponically at two root temperatures (10 and 20 °C) during the last week prior to harvest in summer 2018 (Exp-1) and autumn 2019 (Exp-2). Plant growth, yield, physiological variables, soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, glucosinolates and mineral elements concentration were examined. The results showed that the yield reduction was alleviated compared to results over the long-term. Specifically, yield was not affected by root cooling in Exp-1 and reduced by 18.9% in Exp-2 compared to 20 °C. Glucose and fructose concentrations of the leaves were increased when the root temperature was 10 °C in both experiments with a more pronounced impact in Exp-2. In addition, root cooling produced a significant accumulation of individual glucosinolates, such as progoitrin, gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, in the stems of Exp-1 and the leaves of Exp-2. Minerals, such as N, showed reductions in the shoot, but accumulation in the root. Therefore, compared to long-term root cooling, short-term (one week) reduction of the root temperature is more economical and could help improve certain quality characteristics of Chinese broccoli with less or even no yield reduction.

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EFFECT OF CALCIUM, BORON AND MOLYBDENUM ON PLANT GROWTH AND BRACT PIGMENTATION IN POINSETTIA

Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana ◽

10.35196/rfm.2008.2.165 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Juan Ayala-Arreola ◽

Ana Ma. Castillo-González ◽

Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar ◽

Ma. Teresa Colinas-León ◽

Joel Pineda-Pineda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Short Photoperiod ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration

Foliar sprays of Ca (300, 400, and 500 mg L-1), B (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mg L-1), Mo (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg L-1), Ca + B (400 + 0.5 mg L-1), Ca + Mo (400 + 0.4 mg L-1), B + Mo (0.5 + 0.4 mg L-1) and Ca + B + Mo (400 + 0.5 + 0.4 mg L-1), were applied to improve the quality of poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cv. ‘Supjibi Red’. Treatments were applied three times at: beginning, middle, and end of the short photoperiod. Calcium at 400 mg L-1 increased significantly plant height by 15.3 %. Leaf chlorophyll concentration decreased by 25 % when bract pigmentation initiated. Treatments did not affect the leaf chlorophyll contents. Calcium (300 mg) and B (0.8 mg) increased the number of transitional bracts (5.7 and 5.6, respectively) compared to 0.4 mg L-1 Mo treatment; while B (0.5 mg) increased the total number of colored bracts per shoot (8.36) compared to the rest of the treatments. Total chlorophyll concentration decreased by 95 % in transitional bracts, carotenoids decreased 89 % and anthocyanins increased considerably (from 21.4 to 296.7 mg g-1). Foliar applications of calcium improved poinsettia plant height and the Ca plus B combination accelerated bract pigmentation.

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Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/v10245-011-0016-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 107-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Gawęda ◽

Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Storage Period ◽

Dry Matter Content

Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage Two green kohlrabi cultivars, ‘White Delikates’ and ‘Korist’ F1, were kept in cold storage at a temperature of 2°C and a relative humidity of 95%. Natural mass losses were measured at monthly intervals and dry matter content, soluble sugars, L-ascorbic acid and isothiocyanates were analysed. During five months of storage, very low losses of kohlrabi mass were detected. The decrease in dry matter during that time was between 15 and 18%. After a brief increase, soluble sugar content decreased during storage, and in March, 50% of the initial sugar content was calculated for ‘Delikates’ kohlrabi flesh and 65% for ‘Korist’. L-ascorbic acid was well preserved in the kohlrabi, since 90% remained after storage was completed. The isothiocyanate content changed little and the vegetable remained a good source of these compounds throughout the storage period.

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Effects of Root Cooling on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Cocktail Tomato during Two Consecutive Seasons

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2019/3598172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. He ◽

B. Thiele ◽

M. Watt ◽

T. Kraska ◽

A. Ulbrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Root Temperature ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Functional Quality ◽

The Impact

Understanding the effects of root temperature on plant growth and key food components of horticultural crops under greenhouse conditions is important. Here, we assess the impact of root cooling on plant growth and fruit quality of two cocktail tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum cv “Amoroso” and cv “Delioso”) during the winter of 2017-2018 and the summer of 2018. Plants were grown hydroponically on rockwool under different root temperatures (16–27°C and 10°C) from the 2nd inflorescence to harvest inside the greenhouse. A root temperature of 10°C was controlled independently from air temperature (18–23°C in winter and 21–29°C in summer) by circulating cooling water. Reductions of marketable yield per plant (7.9–20.9%) in both cultivars were observed in response to root cooling in winter, but not significantly in summer. In most cases, root cooling had a positive effect on the functional quality (sugars, vitamin C, and carotenoids levels). In the case of “Delioso,” glucose concentration increased by 7.7–10.3%, vitamin C by 20–21%, and lycopene by 16.9–20.5% in both seasons. “Amoroso” exhibited only higher consistent values in glucose with increments between 6.9 and 7.8% in the two seasons. The levels of elements decreased by root cooling, with statistically significant reduction of N, P, S, and Fe by 12.1–15.7% in “Delioso” in winter and P and Zn by 9.1–22.2% in both cultivars in summer. Thus, manipulation of root temperature could be a feasible method to improve the overall fruit quality of cocktail tomato; however, this effect was also dependent on cultivars and other environmental factors.

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Pyruvate decarboxylase in minimally processed young palm cladode

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e340973755

Author(s):

Larissa Félix Macêdo ◽

Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa ◽

Ana Marinho do Nascimento ◽

Jéssica Leite da Silva ◽

Osvaldo Soares da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugars ◽

Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Minimally Processed ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Analysis Center

The palm is a cactaceous of great global importance, being the young cladodes minimally processed a viable alternative consumption for cooking. Among the studied palm variables, enzymes play a major role in the post-harvest quality of these species, generating oxidation and influencing the sensory attributes of cladodes. Therefore, the objective was to estimate the pyruvate decarboxylase activity in young cladodes of 'Tiny' palms - Nopalea cochenilifera and 'Ear Mexican Elephant' - Opuntia tuna minimally processed. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Food Analysis Center of Science and Technology Agrifood the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Paraíba. The young cladodes were minimally processed and the analyzes were performed immediately after processing, with 24 and 48 hours of incubation under controlled temperature (22 ± 2°C). The analyzes performed were activity of the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. There was enzymatic activity of pyruvate decarboxylase from young minimally processed cladodes for the species studied, with greater activity in the cladodes of the species 'Tiny'.

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Effect of Different Micronutrients on Plant Growth, Yield and Flower Bud Quality of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var. Italica)

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.5.1.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115

Author(s):

Gajendra Singh ◽

S. Sarvanan ◽

Kuldeep Rajawat ◽

Jalam Rathore ◽

Gurvinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Field ◽

Root Weight ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Plant Matter

A field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of different micronutrients on plant growth, yield and flower bud quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica) cv. – Green Bud” during rabi season of 2014-15 Research field, Department of Horticulture, Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad. The experiment consists of 10 treatment viz, T0 (control), T1 (B), T2 (Mo), T3 (Mn), T4 (B + Mo), T5 (B+ Mn +Zn), T6 (Mo +Mn), T7 (B +Mo +Mn +Zn), T8 (B +Zn), T9 (Zn) laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The micronutrients (B, Mo, Mn and Zn) were applied at the rate of 2 kg (B), 0.5 kg (Mo), 2.5 kg (Mn), 3 kg (Zn) per hectare significantly increased the plant height (51.30 cm), number of leaves(22.92), Plant spread (52.83 cm), diameter of bud or head (16.90 cm), average bud weight of per plant (303.69 gm), yield ha-1(121.48q), vitamin ‘C’ (93.92 mg), TSS (0Brix) (8.37) content, Plant fresh weight (908.28 gm), dry plant matter(95.61 gm), root weight (45.02 gm) and dry weight(11.65 gm) were maximum in treatment T5 and lowest in T0 (control) under Allahabad agro climatic condition.

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Effect of Foliar Spray of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.217 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (08) ◽

pp. 1846-1852

Author(s):

Pooja Chanwala ◽

A.K. Soni ◽

Deepika Sharma ◽

Gulab Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Foliar Spray

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Photochemistry and gas exchange in cold conditions in Zn-deficient red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) plants

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/v10245-012-0001-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Roghieh Hajiboland ◽

Fahimeh Amirazad

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Red Cabbage

Photochemistry and gas exchange in cold conditions in Zn-deficient red cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. var.capitataf.rubra) plantsThe responses of red cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. var.capitataf.rubra) plants to a low Zn supply and cold conditions (10°/7°C day/night temperature) were investigated in a hydroponic growing medium. A low Zn supply caused a significant reduction of shoot and root dry weight - up to 55% and 45% for the control and 62% and 52% for cold-treated plants, respectively. The total soluble carbohydrates and starch declined in Zn-deficient plants. Exposure to low temperatures, however, led to a decline in starch but an increase in soluble sugars. In Zn-sufficient plants, low temperatures increased the excitation capture efficiency of open photosystem II (PS II) reaction centres (RCs) (F'v/F'm), the quantum yield of PS II (ΦPSII), the electron transport rate (ETR) and the proportion of active chlorophyll associated with the RCs of PS II (Fv/F0). Low temperatures did not affect net CO2uptake in Zn-sufficient plants, though a reduction of stomatal conductance occurred. The results demonstrated that although cold-treated plants were slightly more susceptible to Zn deficiency, cold treatment caused greater shoot biomass (up to 32%) in plants supplied with adequate Zn. The adaptation of red cabbage plants to cold conditions is attributable to improved photochemical events in the leaves, a maintenance of the net CO2assimilation rate, lower water loss and the accumulation of anthocyanins as antioxidants.

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