scholarly journals The Development of Winter Wheat Yield and Quality under Different Fertilizer Regimes and Soil-Climatic Conditions in the Czech Republic

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Farmers must adapt to the changes brought about by the changing climate and market requirements. These adaptations are associated with fertilization—the availability of organic manures and mineral fertilizers and crop rotations. What is the effect of organic manures on wheat and soil? Is it necessary to apply mineral phosphorus P and potassium (K) fertilizers to the wheat? These questions are frequently asked in workshops in different growing areas. To provide a relevant answer on this issue, we evaluated how farmyard manure (FYM), mineral nitrogen (N) applied without phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers, and application of NPK affected grain yield, grain quality, and soil properties under different soil-climate conditions (Ivanovice—Chernozem, Caslav—Phaeozem, Lukavec—Cambisol) between 2015 and 2018. The FYM significantly increased grain yield even after three years since being applied and incorporated into the soil in all localities, but its application didnot affect grain quality. In the soil, the FYM significantly increased total nitrogen Nt, P, and K content in all localities and oxidable carbon Cox content in two localities. Mineral nitrogen significantly affected grain yield and quality and increased concentrations of soil N and C, but decreased pH in Caslav. Application of mineral P and K wasnot connected with a positive effect on grain yield and quality, but increased the concentration of these elements in the soil, preventing depletion of these elements from the soil. Maximal yields were recorded when 70–98 kg N ha−1 was applied in Ivanovice, 55–72 kg N ha−1 in Caslav, and 155 kg N ha−1 in Lukavec.

scholarly journals Balance of potassium in two long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Pavel Suran
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Negative Balance

Balance of potassium (K) was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (21 years) at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions (Luvisol, Cambisol). The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes- winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. The trial comprised 6 treatments: (1) no fertilization; (2) farmyard manure; (3) half dose of farmyard manure + nitrogen (N) in mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (4) mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (5) NPK in mineral fertilizers; (6) straw of spring barley + N in mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The recovery rate of potassium from farmyard manure by crops was 24–26%, from mineral fertilizers it was 27–52%. Different fertilization intensities were manifested by significant differences in the content of exchangeable K in soil. Changes in non-exchangeable K (K<sub>ne</sub>) were recorded only at the Luvisol site (850 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg), but not at the Cambisol site (3000 mg K<sub>ne</sub>/kg). The maximum negative balance (–2376 kg K/ha/21 years) was recorded at the mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.

scholarly journals Field estimate with NDVI of grain yield and quality of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 801-806
Author(s):  
João P. K. Reznick ◽  
Volnei Pauletti ◽  
Gabriel Barth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

ABSTRACT Nitrogen fertilization is essential for wheat yield and quality but needs more accuracy, and the use of proximal optical sensors in the field can assist in this goal. This study aimed to verify if it is possible to use the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained throughout the wheat growth phase to estimate the grain yield and the technological quality of the flour from cultivars submitted to nitrogen doses. The experiment was conducted at field conditions in Ponta Grossa, PR, Southern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 × 6 factorial scheme with four replicates. The cultivars Quartzo, Gralha Azul, Sinuelo, and Toruk, combined with six doses of N (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha-1 of N), were evaluated. The NDVI values were sensitive to both nitrogen doses and the different cultivars. There was a relationship between NDVI and grain yield, protein, and gluten concentration of flour. The NDVI estimated the gluten strength, stability, tenacity, extensibility of the mass, and tenacity/extensibility ratio of the flour obtained at the beginning of the cycle, but not for all cultivars. The determinations of NDVI with active optical sensor GreenSeeker in wheat are efficient to estimate the grain yield and the flour quality under field conditions, allowing to generate models for estimation of these variables separately for each cultivar.

scholarly journals Field performance on grain yield and quality and genetic diversity of overwintering cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshu Liang ◽  
Wenbin Nan ◽  
Xiaojian Qin ◽  
Hanma Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

AbstractUnderstanding the field performance on grain yield and quality and the genetic diversity of overwintering (OW) cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) across main crop (MC) and ratooning crop (RC) is the premise to make strategies for the future OW rice variety improvement in rice production. The present field experiments were conducted in RC of 2016, in MC of both 2017 and 2018, and RC in 2019 to identify genotypes OW rice that perform stable in terms of grain yield and quality across different climate conditions. The grain yield plant-1 (GYP) and its components in six genotypes of OW rice exhibited significant difference across the 4 years (P ≤ 0.05), the maximum GYP in OW6 rice was harvested (60.28 g) in MC of 2017, but the minimum GYP in OW1 rice was harvested (33.01 g) in MC of 2018. Within six genotypes of OW rice, four grain shape traits displayed a relative small significant difference, four grain quality traits exhibited a relative small significant difference except for chalkiness rate (CR), there 226 pairs of significant PCC values between GYP and its components were calculated in all tested rice and varied from six in OW6 to eleven in OW1, there 130 pairs of significant PCC values among the four grain shape traits were calculated and ranged from twenty-one in OW1, 3, 5 to twenty-three in OW2, there 118 pairs of significant PCC values among the four grain quality traits were calculated and ranged from seventeen in OW2 to twenty-three in OW1. The numbers, directions, and size of PCC values for the grain yield and quality characters in all tested rice displayed a series of irregular variations. Six genotypes of OW rice were apparently distinguished by employing 196 pairs of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) markers and exhibited abundant genetic diversity at the DNA level. Data from this study provide an extensive archive for the future exploration and innovation of overwintering cultivated rice variety.

scholarly journals Changes in oat grain yield and quality with increased adaptability of cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
P. N. Nikolaev ◽  
O. A. Yusova ◽  
I. V. Safonova ◽  
N. I. Aniskov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Hull Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Background. Among spring cereals, oat is one of the main grain crops in Siberia. The aim of this study was to determine how the parameters of adaptability in oat cultivars are correlated with yield and basic indicators of grain quality.Material and methods. The studies were carried out from 2011 to 2019 in the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia. The content of protein, crude fat and starch in grain, and its hull content were measured according to B. V. Pleshkov and N. S. Berkutova. Mathematical processing was performed following the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov, S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell.Results. There was a significant variation in grain yield and grain quality (CV > 20%) in oat cultivars due to a high contribution from the conditions of the year (26.7...80.9%) as well as a strong direct (r = 0,607...0.825) or strong reverse (r = –0.660...–0.994) conjugation with climatic factors. As the protein content in grain increased, starch, oil (r = 0.960...0.962) and hull content (r = 0.442) increased as well. Naked oat cultivars manifested higher grain quality (4.6% protein, 17.6% starch, and 2.2% crude fat) and reduced yield (–1.45 t/ha) compared with hulled oat cultivars.Conclusion. Increased plasticity (bi) and stability (σ2d) of oat cultivars contributed to higher yields (rbi = 0.943;rσ2d = 0.344) but reduced grain quality indicators (rbi = –0.697…–0.812;rσ2d = –0.270…–0.300). Hull content in plastic cultivars decreased (rbi = –0.201).

scholarly journals Mixed-cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono-cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijuan Li ◽  
Jiaen Zhang ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
Shuqing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Paired T Test

AbstractMixed-cropping system is a centuries-old cropping technique that is still widely practiced in the farmers’ field over the globe. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which would improve grain yield and quality; however, the impacts of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously were rarely investigated. In present study, five popular rice cultivars were selected and ten mixture combinations were made according to the growth period, plant height, grain yield and quality, and pest and disease resistance. Seedlings of the five cultivars and ten mixture combinations (mixed-sowing of the seeds in an equal ratio, then mixed-transplanting and finally mixed-harvesting) were grown in plastic pots under greenhouse during the early and late growing seasons in 2016. Results showed that, compared with the corresponding mono-cropping systems, almost all combinations of the mixed-cropping systems have advantages in yield related traits and grain quality. Compared with the mono-cropping systems in the early and late growing seasons in 2016, mixed-cropping systems increased the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and grain weight per pot and harvest index by 19.52% and 5.77%, 8.53% and 4.41%, 8.31% and 4.61%, and 10.26% and 6.98%, respectively (paired t-test). In addition, mixed-cropping systems reduced chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree by 33.12% and 43.42% and by 30.11% and 48.13% in the early and late growing seasons, respectively (paired t-test). These results may be due to enhanced SPAD indexes and photosynthetic rates at physiology maturity in mixed-cropping systems. In general, it was found that mixed-cropping with different rice cultivars have potential for increasing grain yield and improving grain quality.

Improving grain yield and quality traits of oats in northern growing conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions

This study on 29 oat cultivars and breeding lines (Avena sativa L.), evaluates the correlations of grain yield and 13 morpho-physiological traits — characteristics such as maturity class and architecture of the oat stand, with grain quality properties such as grain protein concentration, protein quality, crude fat concentration, fiber concentration, and husk content. Field experiments were conducted in two contrasting growing seasons, 1988 and 1989.Under northern growing conditions high yielding ability was not associated with lower quality traits, but grain yield correlated positively with fat concentration, and negatively with both fiber concentration and husk content. In addition, there was no association between grain yield and protein concentration. Closer examination indicated that earliness, one of the most important traits of oats in northern growing conditions, correlated negatively with fat and grain protein concentration and positively with fiber concentration, thereby limiting both grain yield and quality performance. On the basis of this study, selection for productive oat ideotype does not necessarily lead to cultivars with weakened quality properties. Key words: Avena sativa, ideotype, productivity, grain quality, northern growing conditons

scholarly journals Control of net form of net blotch in barley from seed- and foliar-applied fungicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. McLean ◽  
Grant J. Hollaway
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Net form of net blotch (NFNB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is a major foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide that can cause grain yield and quality loss in susceptible varieties. Seed- and foliar-applied fungicides were evaluated in six field experiments infected with NFNB during 5 years, for suppression of NFNB severity and protection of grain yield and quality. Suppression of NFNB severity varied between treatments and experiments. Grain yield and quality improvements were recorded in two experiments. Foliar fungicide applications at stem elongation (Zadoks growth stage Z31) and flag leaf emergence (Z39) or ear emergence (Z55) significantly reduced NFNB severity, increased grain yield by up to 23%, and improved grain-quality measurements of retention, screenings and weight. The seed-applied fungicide fluxapyroxad provided significant reductions in NFNB severity, improvements in grain yield of up to 20%, and improved grain quality. Where NFNB was severe, none of the seed or foliar fungicide application strategies provided complete control of NFNB, indicating that more than two applications were necessary when conditions were favourable for disease development in susceptible varieties.

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